NMR分析胶质瘤细胞系CHG5和U87的代谢轮廓

胶质瘤是中枢神经系统最常见的恶性肿瘤,其发病原因和恶性进展机制均不明确,给胶质瘤的临床诊疗带来很大困难.胶质瘤恶性进展伴随着癌细胞代谢改变,但可以反映胶质瘤恶性进展的代谢物信息和分子机制目前仍不清楚.该研究以两种不同恶性程度的胶质瘤细胞系CHG5和U87为研究对象,用基于NMR的代谢组学方法分析这两种胶质瘤细胞系的代谢轮廓,寻找差异性代谢物.结果表明CHG5和U87的代谢轮廓存在明显差异.在高恶性程度的U87细胞中,柠檬酸盐(citrate)等15种代谢物有上升趋势;而乳酸盐(lactate)、牛磺酸(taurine)等6种代谢物有下降趋势.以上结果表明这些差异性代谢物可能与胶质瘤细胞的恶性特性密切相关.这些从胶质瘤细胞系获取的代谢信息将成为临床标本代谢组学研究的重要前提和有益补充.     

NMR 分析胶质瘤细胞系CHG5 和U87 的代谢轮廓

胶质瘤是中枢神经系统最常见的恶性肿瘤，其发病原因和恶性进展机制均不明确，给胶质瘤的临床诊疗带来很大困难．胶质瘤恶性进展伴随着癌细胞代谢改变，但可以反映胶质瘤恶性进展的代谢物信息和分子机制目前仍不清楚．该研究以两种不同恶性程度的胶质瘤细胞系CHG5 和U87 为研究对象，用基于NMR 的代谢组学方法分析这两种胶质瘤细胞系的代谢轮廓，寻找差异性代谢物．结果表明CHG5 和U87 的代谢轮廓存在明显差异．在高恶性程度的U87 细胞中，柠檬酸盐(citrate)等15 种代谢物有上升趋势；而乳酸盐(lactate)、牛磺酸(taurine)等6 种代谢物有下降趋势．以上结果表明这些差异性代谢物可能与胶质瘤细胞的恶性特性密切相关．这些从胶质瘤细胞系获取的代谢信息将成为临床标本代谢组学研究的重要前提和有益补充．     

电离辐射对小鼠肾脏影响的代谢组学研究

电离辐射对生物体影响是目前生物医学领域研究的热点之一.本文利用基于核磁共振氢谱（¹H NMR）的代谢组学技术研究来自暴露于不同的电离辐射的C57BL/6J小鼠的肾脏的水溶性萃取物,并试图寻找电离辐射对小鼠肾脏影响的特异性生物标志物.分析结果表明,辐射组可与相应的对照组明显区分.在所发现的75个代谢物中,有6种代谢物的浓度发生显著性变化,分别为2-氨基丁酸、3-羟基丁酸、高丝氨酸、1,3-丙二胺、β-丙氨酸和抗坏血酸.这些代谢物可能成为高剂量电离辐射对生物体肾脏代谢影响的标志物.     

热纤梭菌中心代谢产物的归属及初步代谢组分析

热纤梭菌(Clostridium thermocellum)是一种能够高效利用木质纤维素的嗜热厌氧革兰氏阳性菌,是目前利用整合生物加工技术生产纤维素乙醇的最重要的候选菌株之一.代谢物组可以反映细胞和环境因子相互作用,是系统生物学的重要组成部分.目前,尚无使用核磁共振(NMR)方法对热纤梭菌的代谢组进行研究的报道,而对热纤梭菌代谢物的归属是进行代谢组研究的基础.该文通过1H NMR和2D NMR技术,对热纤梭菌的中心代谢产物进行了归属.在归属过程中,发现了若干特殊的重要代谢产物,包括纤维糊精、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸、赤藓糖-4-磷酸等.这些代谢物对热纤梭菌的胞内代谢具有特殊的意义.利用已归属的代谢物,对热纤梭菌的野生型和乙醇耐受菌株进行初步的代谢组分析表明,热纤梭菌乙醇耐受性的获得,可能与纤维二糖主动合成纤维糊精途径、非氧化磷酸戊糖途径的增强及糖酵解路径的抑制密切相关.     

棕色脂肪组织和白色脂肪组织的代谢组学研究

棕色脂肪组织(brown adipose tissue,BAT)在机体的能量代谢中起着极其重要的作用,且被认为是治疗肥胖的潜在靶点之一,然而目前对于BAT功能的代谢基础并不清楚.该文使用了基于核磁共振(NMR)和气相色谱(GC)技术的代谢组学方法,描述和比较了BAT与白色脂肪组织(white adipose tissue,WAT)的水溶性代谢物和脂肪酸组成的差异.研究结果表明,两种脂肪组织在糖代谢、氨基酸代谢、脂肪酸代谢、核苷酸代谢、胆碱代谢等多种代谢通路上均具有显著性差异,且这些差异与两种组织不同的生物学作用密切相关.以上研究结果将为解析BAT功能分子机制提供了线索和基础数据.     

感染减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌对小鼠粪样代谢组的影响——WIPM和Bruker 500 MHz核磁共振波谱仪检测结果的比较

鼠伤寒沙门氏菌属于胞内侵袭性兼性厌氧菌,减毒后的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌安全性大大提高,已被广泛用于病毒、细菌及寄生虫疫苗的研制.但是目前还没有研究利用代谢组学方法来分析减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌感染对宿主和肠道菌群相互作用的影响.同时中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所自主研发的WIPM 500 MHz核磁共振(NMR)波谱仪已经研制成功,但是该谱仪是否可以用于代谢组学研究尚未经过考证.本研究同时使用WIPM和Bruker500 MHz核磁共振波谱仪对同一批减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌感染小鼠的粪样进行检测,并结合多变量数据分析方法来研究减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌感染对小鼠粪样代谢组的影响.研究结果表明,WIPM NMR波谱仪检测数据的分析结果与Bruker NMR波谱仪的实验结果具有高度的一致性,表明WIPM谱仪可以用于代谢组学研究.研究发现减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌感染能够引起小鼠粪样代谢物中多种氨基酸和尿嘧啶含量的上升,并伴有胆汁酸、乳酸和丙酸含量的下降.以上代谢物含量的改变表明,减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌感染使小鼠肠道微生物的代谢功能发生了紊乱.     

L 1 范数支持向量机在代谢组学中的应用

代谢组学是关于生物体内源性代谢物质的整体及其变化规律的科学,也是一个数据密集型的研究领域,由此使得模式识别在代谢数据处理中有重要作用．L₁ 范数支持向量机(L₁-Norm Support Vector Machines, L₁-norm SVMs)作为在模式识别领域中准确、稳健的方法,在代谢组学中的应用较少．该文应用L₁-norm SVM 方法对小鼠感染血吸虫后的代谢数据进行了分析,分析结果显示L1-norm SVM 在聚类与特征选择方面具有优势,并表明它在代谢组学领域的应用有着潜力和前景．     

运动员与体力劳动者代谢组学判别模型的建立

不同职业的人群健康状态不同,需要不同的健康管理方法,根据各类人群的体质特征建立健康状态的评估方法有助于开展个性化的健康指导.招募运动员(Athlete,n=31)和体力劳动者(Labour,n=42)共73人,分别收集两组志愿者的晨尿.运用一维核磁共振(1D NMR)技术检测尿液中的代谢产物.建立主成分(PCA)及正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)模型筛选2类人群间的差异代谢标志物.通过可接收操作特征曲线(ROC)评价代谢标志物的假阳性特征,t-test检验代谢标志物的显著性.利用代谢标志物建立两类人群的偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)预测模型.模型的有效性通过内部交叉、置换检验和外部预测检验确认.结果显示2类人群之间差异的代谢物有24个,通过其中20个代谢标志物建立的预测模型最优(曲线下面积AUC=0.998).内部交叉验证的误判率(FDR)分别为3.2%和0.内部置换检验的p=3.34×10~(–5).外部预测检验误判率为0.这为不同职业人群健康预测模型的建立提供了思路.     

肝肿瘤细胞HepG2代谢指纹及代谢足迹的NMR分析

细胞代谢特征的分析是认识细胞生物化学过程物质基础的一个关键点. 该文使用培养72 h的肝肿瘤细胞HepG2为模型,使用一维与二维核磁共振谱学分析方法, 分析了该细胞本身及其培养液中代谢物的组成,确定了50余种覆盖三羧酸循环、糖酵解、氨基酸合成、脂肪酸与胞膜代谢、嘌呤与嘧啶代谢等多个代谢途径的代谢物,发现细胞本身与培养基中代谢物组成能够分别提供“细胞代谢指纹”与“细胞代谢足迹”等互补性信息. 同时发现此方法可用于研究植物次生代谢物槲皮素对肝肿瘤细胞HepG2代谢的影响. 结果表明,核磁共振波谱技术是分析细胞代谢组特征和研究药物对细胞代谢影响规律的有效手段.     

基于 1H NMR谱的给药赭石大鼠血清代谢组学研究

基于¹H NMR 的代谢组学方法对灌胃给药赭石的成年 Wistar 大鼠血清进行分析,运用主成分分析模式识别方法对所得数据进行处理,并对给药大鼠血清进行生化指标检测．研究结果表明,大鼠体内β-羟异丁酸、乙酸、丙酮、胆碱、甘油磷脂酰胆碱、葡萄糖、乳酸、低密度脂蛋白、极低密度脂蛋白和脂质等内源性代谢物浓度发生明显变化,可作为赭石的特征代谢物． 2 g/kg 和 5 g/kg 体重剂量赭石使大鼠机体产生大量活性氧化物(ROS),造成过氧化损伤,导致能量代谢和糖代谢紊乱,糖酵解反应增强,并且对肝功能造成了影响．
     

Gd-DTPA-induced dynamic metabonomic changes in rat biofluids

ObjectivesThe purposes of this study were (1) to detect the dynamic metabonomic changes induced by gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA) and (2) to investigate the potential metabolic disturbances associated with the pathogenesis of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) at the early stage.MethodsA nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics approach was used to investigate the urinary and serum metabolic changes induced by a single tail vein injection of Gd-DTPA (dosed at 2 and 5 mmol/kg body weight) in rats. Urine and serum samples were collected on days 1, 2 and 7 after dosing.ResultsMetabolic responses of rats to Gd-DTPA administration were systematic involving changes in lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism, TCA cycle, amino acid metabolism and gut microbiota functions. Urinary and serum metabonomic recovery could be observed in both the 2 and 5 mmol/kg body weight group, but the metabolic effects of high-dosed (5 mmol/kg body weight) Gd-DTPA lasted longer. It is worth noting that hyperlipidemia was observed after Gd-DTPA injection, and nicotinate might play a role in the subsequent self-recovery of lipid metabolism. The disturbance of tyrosine, glutamate and gut microbiota metabolism might associate with the progression of NSF.ConclusionThese findings offered essential information about the metabolic changes induced by Gd-DTPA, and could be potentially important for investigating the pathogenesis of NSF at the early stage. Moreover, the recovery of rats administrated with Gd-DTPA may have implications in the treatment of early stage NSF.     

Mitochondrial metabolites in tissues as indicators of metabolic alterations during hibernation

The decrease in metabolism is one of mechanisms for hibernating animals to resist hypoxia and oxidative stress. Assuming that the inhibition of mitochondria; respiration in torpor and its activation upon arousal are accompanied by changes in the content of mitochondrial substrates, we estimated the levels of endogenous metabolites of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in the liver, brown adipose tissue, and the brain of the arctic ground squirrels as possible indicators of mitochondrial processes. The level of lactate in the same tissues and serum was determined as marker of hypoxia. It was found that the isocitrate (ISC) concentration in all tissues was one order of magnitude higher than that of alpha-ketoglutarate (KGL), while succinate was not detected in any of tissues, indicating the inhibition at the initial stages of the TCA cycle. During the torpor, the concentrations of ISC, KGL and lactate predominantly decreased in tissues. Serum lactate decreased five-fold in torpor and was restored in a temperature-dependent manner with a long period of persistence of stable concentration in the range of body temperature between 12 and 27°C upon arousal. The data obtained indicate the development of metabolic depression rather than hypoxia in these tissues.     

Metabolic Profiling of Murine Macrophages Exposed to Silver Nanoparticles at Dose and Time Dependencies

The macrophage time-dependent metabolic profile changing basal metabolism triggered by nanoparticles can be obtained and used to improve wound healing treatments. Herein this study demonstrates that metabolic status responds systematically to cytotoxicity manipulation, providing an interesting way of cellular control. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) based metabolomics and cytotoxic assays are used to study RAW 264.7 cells exposed to AgNPs at different concentrations and incubation times. Cytotoxicity data show a slight decrease in cellular expansion rates accompanied by morphological changes in cells. Metabolomics show that despite the glycolytic activity of treated and non-treated cells remains unchanged; however, only the treated cells present a rich Citrate environment signaling up-regulation of Tricarboxylic-Acid-Cycle (TCA). Cells choose aerobic routes instead of anaerobic ones to produce energy and self-regulate their amino acid metabolism to balance TCA. Choline metabolism is down-regulated once its sub-products, Betaine and Glycine, are reduced, thus compromising Creatine synthesis. Phospholipid metabolism is down-regulated due to the decreasing of Phosphocholine and Sn-Glycerol-3-PC, in agreement with the cytotoxicity results. Pyroglutamate decreases in treated cells, signaling different levels of oxidative stress. These analytical tools can characterize AgNPs-treatments, even distinguishing dose and time dependencies. Therefore, the fine-tuning of exposition parameters can modulate cellular activity to achieve better wound healing.     

The feasibility of assessing branched-chain amino acid metabolism in cellular models of prostate cancer with hyperpolarized [1-C]-ketoisocaproate

Recent advancements in the field of hyperpolarized ¹³C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) have yielded powerful techniques capable of real-time analysis of metabolic pathways. These non-invasive methods have increasingly shown application in impacting disease diagnosis and have further been employed in mechanistic studies of disease onset and progression. Our goals were to investigate branched-chain aminotransferase (BCAT) activity in prostate cancer with a novel molecular probe, hyperpolarized [1-¹³C]-2-ketoisocaproate ([1-¹³C]-KIC), and explore the potential of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism to serve as a biomarker. Using traditional spectrophotometric assays, BCAT enzymatic activities were determined in vitro for various sources of prostate cancer (human, transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) mouse and human cell lines). These preliminary studies indicated that low levels of BCAT activity were present in all models of prostate cancer but enzymatic levels are altered significantly in prostate cancer relative to healthy tissue. The MR spectroscopic studies were conducted with two cellular models (PC-3 and DU-145) that exhibited levels of BCAA metabolism comparable to the human disease state. Hyperpolarized [1-¹³C]-KIC was administered to prostate cancer cell lines, and the conversion of [1-¹³C]-KIC to the metabolic product, [1-¹³C]-leucine ([1-¹³C]-Leu), could be monitored via hyperpolarized ¹³C MRS.     

Study of Blood Porphyrin Spectral Profile for Diagnosis of Chronic Renal Failure

The progression to end-stage renal failure is independent of the initial pathogenic mechanism. Metabolic acidosis is a common consequence of chronic renal failure that results from inadequate ammonium excretion and decreased tubular bicarbonate reabsorption. Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) is the immediate metabolic precursor of the heme molecule. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the levels of erythrocytes protoporphyrin IX at an animal model during progressive renal disease. A total of 36 eight-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into six groups: Normal, 4 and 8 weeks after 5/6 nephrectomy (NX). Renal function was evaluated by creatinine clearance and plasma creatinine levels. The autofluorescence of erythrocytes porphyrin of healthy and NX rats was analyzed using fluorescence spectroscopy. Emission spectra were obtained by exciting the samples at 405 nm. Significant differences between normal and NX rats autofluorescence shape occurred in the 600–700 nm spectral region. A correlation was observed between emission band intensity at 635 nm and progression of renal disease.     

链脲佐菌素影响大鼠脂肪酸代谢的NMR研究

脂代谢紊乱是心血管疾病等糖尿病并发症的公认危险因素,其早期检测是有效预防这些疾病的基础. 该文使用中等剂量链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导的1型糖尿病大鼠模型,通过分析诱导后第5天和第12天的扩散加权¹H NMR谱, 研究了血浆脂肪酸组成的动态变化规律. 结果表明,STZ作用早期主要特异性损伤胰岛β-细胞,使机体产生1型糖尿病表型. 伴随病程的发展,血浆总不饱和脂肪酸与单不饱和脂肪酸含量增高,而多不饱和脂肪酸与单不饱和脂肪酸的比值降低. 这些说明STZ对机体脂肪酸代谢有显著影响,且血浆不饱和脂肪酸含量很可能是比甘油三酯与脂蛋白等更为灵敏的糖尿病发生发展筛查指标.     

Skeletal muscle metabolism in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD): an in-vitro proton NMR spectroscopy study

The metabolic differences in the skeletal muscle of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and normal subjects (controls) were investigated using in-vitro high-resolution proton NMR spectroscopy. In all, 56 metabolites were unambiguously identified in the perchloric acid extract of muscle tissue using one- and two-dimensional NMR. The concentrations of glycolytic substrate glucose (Glc; p < 0.05), gluconeogenic amino acids such as glutamine (Gln; p < 0.05) and alanine (Ala; p < 0.05) and the glycolytic product lactate (Lac; p < 0.05) were statistically significantly lower in DMD patients as compared to controls. A significant reduction in the concentrations of total creatine (TCr; p < 0.05), glycerophosphoryl choline + phosphoryl choline + carnitine (GPC/PC/Car; p < 0.05), choline (Cho; p < 0.05) and acetate (Ace; p < 0.05) was also observed in these patients. Decrease in the level of glucose may be attributed to the reduction in the concentrations of gluconeogenic substrates or membrane abnormalities in degenerated muscle of DMD patients. Lower levels of choline containing compounds indicate membrane abnormalities. Decrease in the concentration of lactate in the muscle of DMD patients may be due to the reduction in anaerobic glycolytic activity or lower substrate concentration. The decrease in the concentration of acetate may reflect reduced transport of fatty acids into mitochondria due to decreased concentration of carnitine in DMD patients. Kreb's cycle intermediate alpha-ketoglutarate was observed only in the diseased muscle, which is suggestive of predominant oxidative metabolism for energy generation.     

Similarity in the metabolic profile in macroscopically involved and un-involved colonic mucosa in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: an in vitro proton (H) MR spectroscopy study

Background

The histological extent of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is greater than that evident by colonoscopic evaluation. We hypothesized that metabolic profile in macroscopically un-involved colonic mucosa in IBD is similar to that of controls with healthy colon. We thus assessed the differences in metabolic profile in macroscopically involved and un-involved colonic mucosa of IBD patients to further substantiate the extent of disease.

Patients and Methods

Colonic mucosal biopsies were obtained and snap frozen from both the macroscopically un-involved and involved colonic mucosa of IBD patients and macroscopically normal colonic mucosa of controls and were subjected to in-vitro high-resolution proton (¹H) magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy and the concentrations of metabolites were determined.

Results

Thirty-two metabolites were assigned in the proton MR spectrum of colonic mucosa of IBD patients. The concentrations of amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, arginine, lysine, glutamine/glutamate, alanine), membrane metabolites (choline, glycerophosphorylcholine/phosphorylcholine), glycolytic product (lactate) and short chain fatty acid (formate) were significantly lower while significantly high level of glucose were observed in the macroscopically un-involved colonic mucosa of IBD patients compared to the macroscopically normal mucosa of controls. There was no significant difference in the concentrations of metabolites in macroscopically involved and un-involved colonic mucosa of IBD patients.

Conclusions

The metabolic profile in macroscopically un-involved colonic mucosa of IBD patients is similar to that of macroscopically involved mucosa but different from colonic mucosa of controls. This suggests that even macroscopically un-involved colonic mucosa is metabolically abnormal and may explain the increase in extent of disease with time.     

Increased glucose concentration in the hippocampus in early Alzheimer's disease following oral glucose ingestion

Glucose is the primary source of energy for brain cells. Because energy storage in the brain is limited, an uninterrupted supply of glucose and its rapid metabolism are essential for normal cognitive function. This study utilized an oral glucose load to examine hippocampal glucose metabolism in early Alzheimer's disease (AD) - a disease characterized by progressive deterioration of cognitive function and glucose hypometabolism. Short echo time 1H MR spectra (20 ms) from the right hippocampus of 8 patients with probable AD, 14 healthy elderly and 14 healthy young adults were compared pre- and post-glucose loading. In contrast to the healthy adults, the AD patients exhibited significantly elevated hippocampal glucose concentrations post-glucose ingestion relative to baseline (P < .01). These results suggest that cerebral glucose hypometabolism in AD leads to an increased steady-state concentration of cerebral glucose. This research demonstrates the feasibility of studying cerebral glucose metabolism in AD with 1H MR spectroscopy.     

In vivo (31)P MRS study of skeletal muscle metabolism in patients with postpolio residual paralysis

The muscle metabolism of at-rest patients with varying degrees of postpolio residual paralysis (PPRP) was studied and compared with that of controls using in vivo phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The phosphocreatine (PCr)/inorganic phosphate (Pi) and PCr/adenosine triphosphate ratios were lower in patients than in controls. Reduction in PCr/Pi suggests abnormalities in oxidative phosphorylation. A significant increase was observed in the phosphomonoester/PCr ratio in patients, indicating the accumulation of intermediary compounds of the glycolytic pathway. Furthermore, the phosphodiester/PCr ratio was also significantly increased in patients. In general, the observed changes in metabolite ratios were found to be related to the degree of residual paralysis, suggesting that metabolic changes are secondary to chronic neurogenic processes. These metabolic alterations appear to be the possible cause of energy deficit and underlying muscle fatigue in PPRP patients. The present results provide an insight into the metabolic impairment and degree of muscle damage in patients with PPRP.