电光与磁光效应的互补特性及其传感应用

研究了兼有电光效应和磁光效应的晶体内电光与磁光效应的互补特性及其传感应用. 在光强度调制条件下, 晶体中偏振光波的电光调制与磁光调制具有互相补偿的效果, 从而能够使输出光强度保持为一个固定值. 基于这种互补特性, 提出了一种利用单块闪烁锗酸铋(Bi₄Ge₃O₁₂, BGO)晶体的电光补偿型光学电流(磁场)传感器, 其光学传感单元由两个偏振器和一块平行四边形BGO晶体组成. 该晶体自身能够产生π/2的光学相位偏置, 同时兼用作电流传感和电光补偿元件, 通过控制BGO晶体的外加电压, 能够实时补偿被测电流(磁场)变化引起的磁光旋转角和输出光强度的变化, 从而实现电流(磁场)的闭环光学测量. 实验测量了5.0 A范围内的工频交流电流, 所需要的电光补偿电压约为21.2 V/A, 补偿电压与被测电流之间具有良好的线性关系, 其非线性误差低于1.7%.     

硅酸铋晶体内电光、磁光相互作用的耦合波分析及其传感应用

通过建立并求解硅酸铋(BSO)晶体内电光、磁光相互作用的耦合波方程,得到了BSO晶体的偏振传递函数,由此分析了BSO晶体内偏振光的周期性变化规律,并给出直接描述外加电场、磁场对偏振光作用的琼斯矩阵和米勒矩阵.最后设计了一种基于BSO晶体的电压、电流同时传感系统.     

基于光纤微结构加工和敏感材料物理融合的光纤传感技术

将功能敏感材料与光纤在物理层面进行有机融合,充分发挥光纤传感器在结构集成、材料集成等方面的优势,将有望发展新型的光纤传感器件和系统.本文综述了飞秒激光光纤微加工技术分别在标准的单模光纤和光纤光栅上制备微结构,再结合敏感材料制备技术,实现在物理层面上光纤传感器材料和结构的集成和融合,探索实现新型高性能的光纤传感新技术.     

基于光学异常透射现象的光纤传感器的设计与研究

基于光学异常透射现象的光纤传感器,因其具有高度的近场增强效应和介电环境的高度敏感性等优点,在化学、生物医学等领域有广泛的应用前景。但是由于在光纤端面加工周期纳米结构需要复杂的工艺或者昂贵的微加工仪器,限制了基于光学异常透射现象的光纤传感器的发展。针对这一问题,提出了模板转移法在光纤端面加工金属周期纳米结构,并搭建实验系统对应用该方法制作的光纤传感器的传感特性及其物理机理进行了研究。实验结果表明,模板转移法能够很好地完成在光纤端面加工高质量的周期金属纳米结构。应用该方法制作的光纤传感器具有很好的传感特性,传感器的最高灵敏度达到594.45 nm·RIU-1,品质因数值达到33.12。     

Analysis of an encapsulated whispering gallery mode micro-optical sensor

Whispering gallery mode (WGM) based micro-optical sensors are known to have higher sensitivity than fiber Bragg grating, Fabry–Perot, and microbend sensors. WGM sensors are created by optical coupling of a dielectric microparticle with an optical fiber. The combination of a microparticle and an optical-fiber to create the sensor requires encapsulating them in a suitable material so that the sensor can be used in practical applications. The sensitivity of the encapsulated sensors needs to be calibrated before they can be used. The present study conducts a parametric study to understand the effect of variables such as particle size and particle–fiber distance on the sensitivity of the encapsulated WGM sensors. Solid and hollow microparticle based sensors are studied. In the case of hollow particles, their wall thickness effects are also characterized. Results show that despite small strain, change in the index of refraction of the particle material due to the applied force contributes significantly in determining the sensitivity of these sensors.     

Optical fiber modulator derivates from hollow optical fiber with suspended core

A fiber optic integrated modulation-depth-tunable modulator based on a type of hollow optical fiber with suspended core is proposed and investigated. We synthesized magnetic fluid containing superparamagnetic Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles and encapsulated it in the hollow optical fiber as the cladding layer of the suspended core by fusing the hollow optical fiber with the multimode optical fibers. The light with a wavelength of 632.8 nm is coupled in and out of the modulating element by a tapering technique. Experimental results show that the light attenuation in the system can be greatly influenced by only 2.0×10(-2) μL of the magnetic fluid under different magnetic field strengths. The saturated modulation depth is 43% when the magnetic field strength is 489 Oe. The response time of the system is <120 ms. Significantly, this work presents information for the development of all-fiber modulators, including other integrated electro-optic devices, such as optical switch, optical fiber filter, and magnetic sensors utilizing the special structure of this hollow optical fiber with suspended core and superparamagnetic magnetic fluid.     

评估环圈光纤机械可靠性的模型

为评估应用于光纤陀螺和光纤电流传感器等传感领域的光纤环圈的机械可靠性,排除光纤涂覆和环圈灌胶等因素,必须评估所用光纤在弯曲状态下的机械可靠性.在已被广泛接受的均匀拉伸应力状态下通信光纤的机械可靠性模型基础上,根据这种环圈光纤在弯曲状态下的一般应力分布,对于绕环张力和弯曲应力同时存在的情形,建立了评估这种环圈光纤的机械可靠性的一种模型.该模型通过采用弯曲状态下光纤表面的最大弯曲应力值,和由于一般情况下弯曲中轴内侧的压缩应力远小于外侧拉伸应力的这一事实而忽略内侧的压缩应力,从而简化了弯曲应力的不均匀分布;同时通过该模型中所含的多个参量的选择给出了最为保守的结果.利用该模型进行的数值计算预测了采用不同直径的光纤分别绕制的不同环圈直径的环圈光纤在不同服役条件下的机械可靠性.结果表明,除了光纤半径和疲劳因子等这些光纤自身的固有因素外,绕环张力、环圈半径和筛选张力等工艺参量对环圈光纤的机械可靠性也是有重要影响.     

磁致伸缩材料弱磁场响应特性的实验研究

针对磁致伸缩材料在弱磁场传感器领域的应用需要,采用迈克耳逊干涉原理实验测量了零应力条件下Tb-Dy-Fe材料和Fe-Ga合金的磁场响应灵敏度,以及不同应力下Fe-Ga合金的磁场响应特性和温度响应特性.实验结果表明：在零应力,外加磁场16 mT条件下,Fe-Ga合金的磁场响应灵敏度远高于Tb-Dy-Fe材料,更合适作为弱磁场传感器敏感材料;同时,在1.2 MPa预应力和26 mT偏置磁场下,Fe-Ga合金材料具有较好的磁场响应灵敏度和较大的饱和磁致伸缩系数,因而处在最佳工作状态.所得到的材料的磁场和温度响应曲线可作为弱磁场传感器参量设计的参考依据.     

评估环圈光纤机械可靠性的模型

为评估应用于光纤陀螺和光纤电流传感器等传感领域的光纤环圈的机械可靠性,排除光纤涂覆和环圈灌胶等因素,必须评估所用光纤在弯曲状态下的机械可靠性.在已被广泛接受的均匀拉伸应力状态下通信光纤的机械可靠性模型基础上,根据这种环圈光纤在弯曲状态下的一般应力分布,对于绕环张力和弯曲应力同时存在的情形,建立了评估这种环圈光纤的机械可靠性的一种模型.该模型通过采用弯曲状态下光纤表面的最大弯曲应力值,和由于一般情况下弯曲中轴内侧的压缩应力远小于外侧拉伸应力的这一事实而忽略内侧的压缩应力,从而简化了弯曲应力的不均匀分布;同时通过该模型中所含的多个参量的选择给出了最为保守的结果.利用该模型进行的数值计算预测了采用不同直径的光纤分别绕制的不同环圈直径的环圈光纤在不同服役条件下的机械可靠性.结果表明,除了光纤半径和疲劳因子等这些光纤自身的固有因素外,绕环张力、环圈半径和筛选张力等工艺参量对环圈光纤的机械可靠性也是有重要影响.     

掺染料微结构光纤荧光传感器的理论分析

针对一般光纤荧光传感器收集荧光能力不足的缺陷,设计了一种在微结构聚合物光纤的空气孔内填充掺有机染料高折射率液体的荧光传感器.使用可调节边界条件傅里叶分解法计算了这种微结构光纤的模场分布,分析了光纤结构参量和液体折射率对荧光捕获分数的影响,结果表明,使用小纤芯半径和高于纤芯折射率的液体可以增强激发光的吸收效率,增大荧光捕获分数,提高光纤荧光传感器的灵敏度.     

基于酒精与磁流体填充的单模-空芯-单模光纤结构温度磁场双参数传感器

提出了一种基于空芯光纤模间干涉原理的环境温度和磁场双参数传感器,为了使光入射进空芯光纤壁中,将空芯光纤与单模光纤错位熔接,传感部分用毛细玻璃管封装,空芯光纤内外分别填充酒精和磁流体.除了光纤材料的热光效应和热膨胀效应外,环境温度变化会引起两种溶液折射率的变化,而磁场变化仅引起空芯光纤外的磁流体折射率变化.理论计算可知空芯光纤壁中可支持多个模式传输并相互干涉,各模式传输相位对内外溶液折射率变化灵敏程度不同.因此,干涉谱中两个含有不同模式成分的波谷,即波谷1和波谷2,它们的漂移可以作为指示信号,通过建立敏感矩阵可同时解调出周围环境温度与磁场的变化.实验中,在28—58℃范围内,温度传感灵敏度可达-468 pm/℃;在0—169 Oe范围内磁场传感灵敏度可达82 pm/Oe.该传感器具有高灵敏度与高机械强度,并且能够实现温度与磁场的同时测量,有效消除了温度波动对磁场测量信号的干扰.     

Optical fiber current sensors using garnet crystal for power distribution fields

We introduce applied examples (already put to practical use) of power distribution fields of optical fiber current sensors using iron garnet crystal that have high sensitivity, high linearity and stable temperature characteristics. We also describe two types of new optical fiber current sensors developed recently aimed at cost reduction and high performance.     

Optical diode based on a highly anisotropic layer of a helical periodic medium subjected to a magnetic field

The effect of an applied magnetic field on the optical properties of a layer of a helical periodic medium is studied in view of magnetooptic activity. The case when the radiation is normally incident on the layer and the magnetic field is aligned with the axis of the medium is considered. Irreversibility (nonreciprocity) effects in such a system are discussed. The situations with weak and high anisotropy are investigated. It is shown that the system can function as an optical shutter, optical diode, or one-side reflector. Reasons for the high irreversibility of transmission (reflection) are found.     

Magneto-optical fiber sensor based on magnetic fluid

A novel magnetic field fiber sensor based on magnetic fluid is proposed. The sensor is configured as a Sagnac interferometer structure with a magnetic fluid film and a section of polarization maintaining fiber inserted into the fiber loop to produce a sinusoidal interference spectrum for measurement. The output interference spectrum is shifted as the change of the applied magnetic field strength with a sensitivity of 16.7 pm/Oe and a resolution of 0.60 Oe. The output optical power is varied with the change of the applied magnetic field strength with a sensitivity of 0.3998 dB/Oe.     

激光等离子体中自生磁场的诊断

激光与固体靶相互作用时会产生极强的磁场。文章简单地介绍了自生磁场的产生机制,较全面地讨论了自生磁场的实验诊断方法,包括物理控针法和光学诊断法,重点介绍了比较成功的法拉第旋转法和塞曼分裂法,最后还提出了两个可能的新方法。     

Micro double tapered optical fiber sensors based on the evanescent field-effect and surface modification

A double tapered optical fiber sensor based on evanescent field-effect and surface modification technology was introduced in this work. Whether the liquid and gas molecules had polarities or not, they all could be detected by the sensors modified in different silane coupling agents. At the same time, the sensing characters of the single mode optical fiber with three different tapering lengths were researched, and it came to a conclusion that the optical fiber sensor had stronger evanescent field effect and higher sensitivity when length of tapered fiber was 30 mm. The functionalized tapered fibers modified by 3-aminopropyltrimethoxy silane (APTES) or 3-methylpropenylacyloxy propyltrimethoxy silane (MPAPTES), were employed to detect the polar or nonpolar molecules which had corresponding features. Further, the results of quantitative tests showed that the fiber optic sensor was sensitive to the change of the ethanol concentration and the characteristic peaks of the absorption power spectra could reach to 3–5 dB.     

基于磁流体填充微结构光纤的温度特性研究

利用毛细现象将磁流体完全填充到六角形微结构光纤的空气孔中, 分析了磁流体填充长度、浓度对其传导特性的影响. 结合磁流体独特的热光效应, 并对一定浓度、长度下填充的光纤进行了温度特性的研究. 结果表明, 随着温度的升高, 透射谱1460 nm处磁流体的吸收峰逐渐变浅. 基于磁流体载液与表面活性剂对温度的不同敏感性, 吸收峰左右两个边沿表现出不同的温度响应; 在波长为1100–1700 nm之间透射损耗与温度变化成线性关系, 对于填充长度为10 cm的微结构光纤, 敏感度达到0.06 dB/℃, 且液体填充长度越长, 灵敏度越高. 该研究将微结构光纤与磁流体材料有机地结合起来, 并利用填充材料自身的热光特性, 实现了对透射谱的单边调谐, 将其作为热光可调谐器件、滤波器等相关可调谐光子器件在光通信、 光传感等领域将具有很大的应用潜力. 因此, 基于材料填充微结构光纤的研究可为探索新型全光纤光子器件的新技术和新结构提供有效的方法. 关键词： 微结构光纤 磁流体 热光效应 温度传感     

分立式与分布式光纤传感关键技术研究进展

光纤传感技术已广泛应用于航空航天、石油化工、电子电力、土木工程、生物医药等领域,其技术形式主要体现为分立式和分布式.分立式光纤传感技术利用光纤敏感器件作为传感器来感知被测参量的变化,光纤作为光信号的传输通道连接光纤传感器及后端的解调装置;分布式光纤传感系统基于光纤瑞利散射、拉曼散射或布里渊散射等光学效应,利用光纤本身作为传感器,可对沿途的光信号进行大范围、长距离传感.本文介绍了分立式与分布式光纤传感中主要关键技术的研究进展,并对未来的研究和发展方向进行了探讨.     

Designing optical-fiber modulators by using magnetic fluids

To reduce interface loss between optical fibers and devices in telecommunication systems, the development of an optical-fiber-based device that can be fused directly with fibers is important. A novel optical modulator consisting of a bare fiber core surrounded by magnetic fluids instead of by a SiO2 cladding layer is proposed. Applying a magnetic field raises the refractive index of the magnetic fluid. Thus we can control the occurrence of total reflection at the interface between the fiber core and the magnetic fluid when light propagates along the fiber. As a result, the intensity of the outgoing light is modulated by variation in field strength. Details of the design, fabrication, and working properties of such a modulator are presented.     

Magneto-controlled illumination with opto-fluidics

Imaging of micro- and nanofluidics is a challenge since the size of the channels is so small that the installment of additional optical and mechanical switches is very difficult. The size of the device and associated increase in viscous dissipation constitute another constraint. In response to these limitations, this work proposes and demonstrates the manipulation of light by adding a functional lens to control the light on demand. In the present work, this lens is realized by filling a hollow fiber with a colloid of superparamagnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. When the propagation of light is perpendicular to the magnetic field, this lens stretches the circular beam into a ribbon yielding a larger visible area. Potentially, one can apply a rotating magnetic field thus illuminating a larger spot size or creating other beam geometries. Such composite fibers might also be of value for Faraday isolation and other magneto-optic effects in optical fibers.