超宽带减反射膜的设计和制备

设计了400～900 nm波段上的超宽带减反射膜,在410～850 nm范围内的平均残余反射率设计值约为0.2%,在设计的全波段上约为0.24%.讨论了初始膜系结构的选择原则,分析了带宽、膜层折射率差、最外层折射率和膜层总厚度等因素对宽带减反射特性的影响.对特定的带宽.增加两种薄膜材料的折射率差和选择尽可能低的最外层折射率对获得优良的减反射特性是非常重要的.实验制备了K9玻璃上TiO2/MgF2两种材料组成的8层结构的超宽带减反射膜,实测结果表明,在带宽520 nm范围内的平均残余反射率约为0.44%,说明用二种材料设计超宽带减反射膜是成功的,对垂直入射的减反射膜.多种材料的膜系并不比两种材料更具优越性.     

抗紫外辐射塑料显示面板的减反射膜

设计制备了一种抗紫外(UV)辐射的塑料显示面板的减反射膜.对常用的聚碳酸酯(PC)塑料面板,在垂直入射时,减反膜紫外波段300~380 nm的平均反射率大于99.5%,可见光波段420~750 nm的残余反射率为0.22%;在45°入射时,紫外波段300~360 nm的平均反射率大于98.8%,可见光波段400~700...     

渐变折射率减反膜的设计及其全向性能

相比于传统的多层减反膜,渐变折射率减反膜有更好的减反性能。通过沉积折射率介于基底与空气且均匀变化的介质材料可以制备渐变折射率减反膜。选择的制备方法不同,会导致渐变折射率减反膜的结构不同,其减反效果也有所差异。通过数值模拟仿真,研究不同结构的渐变折射率减反膜在不同入射角时的减反效果,可得出渐变折射率减反膜的最优结构。最优结构的渐变折射率减反膜当入射角为0°~45°时对可见光的反射率在0.6%以下,当入射角为75°时反射率低于15.5%。     

二元光栅抗反射特性的耦合波分析

基于严格耦合波分析理论和遗传算法,研究了亚波长矩形光栅(即二元光栅)的抗反射特性。针对光通信中的1.55μm波长设计了抗反射矩形光栅。探讨了光栅周期、占空比和光栅深度的变化对抗反射特性的影响。给出了光栅的抗反射特性所适用的入射角度及波长范围。当入射角度小于30°,在光纤传输系统中入射光波长为C波段和L波段时,反射效率小于0.4%,有效地减小了光纤传输系统的回波损耗。     

高光谱激光雷达植被叶片方向反射特性及对叶绿素反演的影响

不同于传统被动光学传感器,高光谱激光雷达发射主动式全波段高斯脉冲激光,和植被叶片表面相互作用后,不同波段后向散射强度返回至接收器并被记录下来。以往的高光谱激光雷达植被叶片反射特性研究只聚焦于零度角入射的情况,对多入射角方向反射光谱特性以及方向反射特性对叶片叶绿素含量估算带来的误差尚未进行过深入研究。利用实验室研发的32波段高光谱激光雷达获取了不同入射角下的植被叶片反射光谱,对高信噪比波段下植被叶片的复杂方向反射特性进行了深入分析,随后选择光谱指数研究了高光谱激光雷达测量条件下植被方向反射特性对叶绿素含量反演的影响。结果表明,(1)高光谱激光雷达植被叶片回波强度随入射角增大逐渐降低,但二向反射率因子并不逐渐减小,在可见光和近红外波段,二向反射率因子随入射角增大分别呈现出两种不同形状特征,可见光波段反射率因子最大值出现在0°～10°,近红外波段最大值出现在60°,反射率因子最小值均出现在45°处,最大和最小反射率因子间可差0.1左右,可见光和近红外波段10°～60°内二向反射率因子均呈现先减小后增大的趋势;(2)通过对不同入射角下光谱指数与叶绿素含量的回归分析发现,方向反射特性对反演精度有...     

薄膜光学锥形光栅的制备与光学特性分析

为了在光学薄膜中引入连续轮廓的微结构,综合利用薄膜的干涉效应与微结构的折反射、衍射效应,提出一种薄膜光学微结构的制备工艺。基于时域有限差分方法设计了具有可见光波段减反射特性的薄膜光学锥形光栅;采用单点金刚石车削技术,结合纳米压印与电感耦合等离子体刻蚀技术,在SiN_x薄膜中制备出高1.6 μm,周期4.1 μm的锥形光栅;在可见光波段,SiN_x薄膜光学锥形光栅的平均反射率为5.7%,反射率的实验检测结果与仿真计算结果达到很高的一致性;当入射光角度在30°以内,薄膜光学锥形光栅的减反特性表现出对光波入射角度的不敏感性。该制备工艺突破了单点金刚石车削技术的材料局限,将连续轮廓的微结构的直接形成工艺拓展至介质薄膜当中,实现了宽光谱、宽入射角度的减反射。     

SiO2纳米微球表面结构在可见光波段的减反特性

研究了不同尺寸SiO2胶体微球形成纳米结构薄膜的光学传输特性和光子带隙。通过在玻璃基底上自组装透光的SiO2胶体微球形成胶体晶体薄膜, 依据布拉格定律,分析微球尺寸对胶体晶体光子带隙的影响。为实现可见光波段的全方位减反射,提出通过改变胶体粒径将胶体晶体带隙位置移动至紫外波段,理论计算得出当粒径为112 nm,占空比为0.45时能实现可见光波段0.5%的平均反射率。实验结果表明,玻璃基底在400~800 nm间的平均反射率从4.3%降低至0.7%,最小反射率达0.3%。通过控制微球粒径移动光子带隙位置,优化晶体结构参数实现了可见光波段的减反射,有效提高了光学组件对可见光的利用率。     

薄膜微结构的近红外透射诱导增强特性

在SiNx薄膜中引入微金字塔结构,综合利用包含界面的薄膜光学微结构的折射、衍射与干涉现象,实现透反射的调控.通过单点金刚石切削与纳米压印、等离子体各向异性刻蚀技术相结合,将大面积、高效率、低成本的微结构制备方法推广至光学薄膜中,实现了多种尺寸的金字塔薄膜微结构的制备,结构单元尺寸可以在1.5～10μm之间进行调控.光谱特性检测结果表明,SiNx薄膜微金字塔结构阵列在近红外至长波红外波段,表现出超宽波段的减反射特性;在0.8～2.5μm的近红外波段,反射率低于1.0%;在3～5μm的中红外波段,反射率小于2.5%;在10～12μm长波红外波段,平均反射率低于5%;与传统的四分之一波长抗反射膜系相比,SiNx薄膜微金字塔结构阵列的减反射效果的实现,无需膜系设计时的折射率匹配,简化了膜系结构.研究发现SiNx薄膜微金字塔结构阵列的近红外透射诱导增强特性,高度为2～4μm的SiNx薄膜微金字塔结构阵列,均在2.1μm波长处出现明显的透射诱导增强效应,且高为4μm,底宽为8μm的微金字塔结构阵列的透射增强作用最为明显,透射率达到了96%以上.实验检测与仿真分析证明,透射增强的位置和强度由微结构的形貌尺寸及其结构比例关系决定.     

基于金属-介质-金属结构的反射式彩色滤光片特性研究

研究了金属-介质-金属结构在可见光波段的反射滤光特性。该结构由柔性透明基底、金属层、介质-金属纳米光栅结构组成。利用严格耦合波分析法(RCWA)模拟了TM偏振光入射时,亚波长介质-金属光栅的占宽比、周期和厚度等结构参数对反射光谱特性的影响。理论模拟结果表明:光栅的结构参数变化可改变反射波段,进而调节滤光颜色。在此基础上,进一步优化结构参数,得到了基于减色法的彩色滤光片结构,获得了青色、品红色和黄色三原色。该结构的主要优点是,当入射角在0～45范围内变化时,反射光谱谷值位置和反射带宽基本不变。本文所提出的结构特别适合用于反射式彩色显示。     

光纤激光器光学膜设计与制备

针对激光在传输过程中的光能损失,本文根据光学薄膜理论,设计制备了减反射膜和抗激光的高反射膜,并对激光膜的镀膜材料、膜系设计、沉积工艺及离子辅助沉积等参数进行了深入研究.研究结果表明,制备的减反膜的反射率＜O.2%,激光以25°～65°入射时高反射膜的反射率＞99.7%.对50μm光纤和K9玻璃镀膜前后的输出功率测试显示...     

Simulated Output Images of Near-Field Optics by Volume Integral Equation: Object Placed on the Dielectric Substrate

We investigated near-field optical (NFO) imaging characteristics of a small object placed on a dielectric slab by a computer-code using a three-dimensional volume integral equation with an effective iteration technique called the generalized minimal residual method. A simplified three-dimensional NFO microscope that consists of a small dielectric object placed on the dielectric substrate and a small dielectric sphere as a scanning probe-tip was considered. Calculating two-dimensional output images obtained from scattered far fields, we studied the effect of the substrate on NFO output images, the comparison of NFO output images with electrostatic field around the small object, the dependence of output image characteristics on the wavelength and the difference of imaging characteristics between incident plane waves and incident evanescent waves.     

Atomic-level investigation of Al and Ni thin film growth on Ni(1 1 1) surface: Molecular dynamics simulation

Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, the structural characteristics of Al and Ni thin film growth on Ni(1 1 1) substrate according to the incident energy of adatoms were investigated. In case of Al on Ni(1 1 1), Al adatoms were grown basically through the layer-by-layer growth mode. On the other hand, Ni thin films on Ni(1 1 1) surface at low incident energy were shown to favor island growth. The steering effect due to atomic attraction, which results in rougher surface, was significantly observed at low incident energy. The growth mode of Ni film was, however, changed to follow layer-by-layer growth mode for the incident energy of 6 eV. The different aspects of surface morphology between Al and Ni deposition on Ni(1 1 1) surface could be successfully explained by the surface diffusion and impact cascade diffusion.     

低能Cu13团簇沉积薄膜的分子动力学模拟研究

利用分子动力学模拟方法对Cu₁₃团簇在Fe（001）表面上沉积薄膜进行了研究,分析了不同沉积条件对薄膜生长模式的影响,对比分析了不同沉积条件下表面粗糙度、缺陷分布和外延度等薄膜性质的差异。Cu₁₃团簇的初始沉积能量范围为0.1~10.0 eV/atom,沉积率为1.0 clusters/ps,衬底温度分别为300,700和1 000 K。模拟结果表明:团簇初始沉积能量主要影响薄膜生长模式,当初始沉积能量为7.5 eV/atom的Cu₁₃团簇沉积到温度为300 K的Fe（001）表面时,可形成表面光滑、内部缺陷少和较好外延度的高质量Cu薄膜。     

Effect of substrate hardness on the deformation behavior of subsequently incident particles in cold spraying

A systematic finite element analysis (FEA) on the subsequently incident particles which refer to the particles depositing after the formation of the first layer coating is conducted in this study to clarify the bonding mechanism inside the cold sprayed coating. A simplified particle impact model is proposed and the simulated results based on this model demonstrate that substrate hardness exerts some effects on the deformation behavior of the subsequently incident particles. Hard substrate makes these particles deform intensively but using soft substrate enables them to achieve a slight deformation. At the same time, it is also found that substrate hardness plays its best role only when the formed coating is thin, as the development of the coating, the particle deformation behavior becomes more and more insensitive to the substrate hardness. The multi-particle impact simulation based on Eulerian method is also performed and reaches the same conclusion, confirming the accuracy of the simplified model. Besides, it is also found that when the velocity is increased to a hypervelocity, excessive deformation occurs in the formed coatings due to the impact of the subsequently incident particles.     

Parallel laser microfabrication of terahertz metamaterials and its polarization-dependent transmission property

Large-area split ring resonator (SRR) array was fabricated by femtosecond laser micro-lens array lithography at a fast speed. Transmission spectra of the SRR arrays at different incident terahertz wave polarization states were characterized by terahertz time domain spectroscopy. A polarization-dependent transmission property of the SRR array was observed. Polarization-dependent loss (PDL) spectrum was characterized to investigate the polarization properties of the terahertz metamaterials. The PDL characterization can eliminate the substrate effect and provide a flexible platform to study the characteristics of free-standing terahertz metamaterials.     

低能Pt原子与Pt(111)表面相互作用的分子动力学模拟

利用分子动力学模拟方法详细研究了低能Pt原子与Pt(111)表面的相互作用所导致的表面吸附原子、溅射原子、表面空位的产生及分布规律,给出了表面吸附原子产额、溅射原子产额和表面空位产额随入射Pt原子能量的变化关系.模拟结果显示:溅射产额、表面吸附原子产额和表面空位产额随入射原子的能量的增加而增加,溅射原子、表面吸附原子的分布花样呈3度旋转对称性质;当入射粒子能量高于溅射阈值时,表面吸附原子主要是基体最表面原子的贡献,入射粒子直接成为表面吸附原子的概率很小.其主要原因是:当入射粒子能量高于溅射能量阈值时,入射 关键词： 分子动力学 低能粒子 表面原子产额 空位缺陷 溅射     

基于蘑菇型结构的双入射超宽带复合媒质材料设计与分析

通过设计一定的单元结构, 可以实现超宽带人工电磁材料. 基于蘑菇型金属结构, 提出了一种同时具有左右手通带无缝结合的超宽带双入射型复合媒质材料结构单元. 该结构由嵌入到介质板的两个反向对称的蘑菇型金属结构组成, 能够同时引发电谐振和磁谐振而得到左手通带. 通过利用CST软件仿真、等效电磁参数提取、折射率计算以及建立等效磁谐振电路模型等方法, 分析验证了该结构的双入射特性和左手特性. 仿真结果表明, 在电磁波垂直于介质板和平行于介质板入射两种情况下, 在X波段均表现出左手通带特性, 并具有1 GHz以上的左手带宽. 当电磁波垂直于介质板入射时, 在7.2 GHz-9.3 GHz频段为右手通带, 在9.3 GHz-11 GHz频段为左手通带; 当电磁波平行于介质板入射时, 在7.0 GHz-9.0 GHz频段为右手通带, 在9.0 GHz-10 GHz频段为左手通带. 在两种情况下分别于9.3 GHz与9.0 GHz处得到了零折射率, 从而构造了一种正-零-负复合媒质材料, 实现了具有3 GHz带宽的双入射超宽带平衡结构.     

Broadband metamaterial absorber on a single-layer ultrathin substrate

In this article, a broadband metamaterial microwave absorber on a low-cost FR-4 Epoxy substrate is proposed. The unit cell of the absorber consists of a staircase shape metallic patch placed on the top of the metal-backed ultrathin dielectric substrate having a thickness of 1.9 mm (0.07 λ₀). The absorption of more than 90% is achieved with this proposed low profile single-layer microwave absorber throughout the operation band from 8.86 to 15.5 GHz. The performance is analyzed for different values of incident angle, polarization angle, substrate height, and dielectric constant. The surface current and the power loss density at the top and bottom planes at the two absorption peaks of 9.46 and 13.90 GHz are also analyzed to elaborate the absorption mechanism of the structure. Experimental result closely follows the simulated one. The broadband characteristics of the design with relative absorption bandwidth (RAB) of 54.51% at both TE and TM polarizations of incident wave for a wide incident angles makes it versatile for applications in the X and Ku bands of microwave frequencies. The proposed work is very compact (unit cell size: 0.22 λ₀) with ultrathin substrate height (0.07 λ₀) and giving RAB performance of 54.51% comparable with that of others. Thus with this single-layer low-cost substrate material a broadband absorber is achieved.     

The formation of different structures in the interaction between a single femtosecond laser pulse and a thin Au film

The interactions between femtosecond (fs) laser pulses and a thin Au film deposited on a silica glass substrate were systematically investigated based on experimental data. Different structures, including microholes, nanoholes, and nanobumps, are obtained when pulses with different energies are incident on the surface of a gold film. The experimental results are discussed according to specific experimental parameters. Two physical models were constructed in order to explain the experimental results. The formation of nanoholes in a silica substrate is attributed to etching by higher order harmonic generations (HHG) when the femtosecond laser pulse interacts with the generated plasma layer, while the formation of nanobumps on the surface of an Au film is attributed to the elastic and plastic characteristics of the metal film under laser pulse irradiation.     

The deposition of Fe or Co clusters on Cu substrate by molecular dynamic simulation

A molecular dynamic method is used to simulate the film growth process of Fe or Co clusters depositing on Cu substrate with low energy. The tight-binding (TB-SMA) many-body potential is used to simulate the interaction between atoms. The effects of different incident energies and/or substrate temperatures on the surface roughness, layer coverage function, radial distribution function (RDF), and residual stress are investigated. From the simulation results, as the substrate temperature and/or incident energy is increased, the surface roughness of the grown film could be reduced, and the interface intermixing is increased. Also, as compared to Co–Cu system, Fe–Cu system has better surface roughness, less interface intermixing, and similar radial distribution function as well as average stresses.