圆偏振涡旋光致非轴向自旋和轨道运动研究

为了实现粒子的非轴向旋转操控,对圆偏振涡旋光的光致旋转特性进行了研究。理论上,利用T矩阵理论,计算光场作用于微粒的光力和力矩,分析圆偏振涡旋光场中自旋角动量和轨道角动量的取向对非轴向旋转效应的影响。研究结果表明：当轨道角动量和自旋角动量的方向相同时,粒子除受轨道矩和轴向自旋矩作用外,还受一个可观的横向自旋矩作用,可以诱导粒子同时做轨道和非轴向自旋运动;当轨道角动量和自旋角动量方向相反,则粒子受到的横向自旋矩难以驱动其做非轴向自旋运动。实验上,利用全息光镊系统捕获微米尺度的粒子,观察到粒子做轨道运动时的非轴向自旋现象,对理论研究结果进行了初步验证。     

完美涡旋光束的产生及其空间自由调控技术

利用涡旋光束与锥透镜透射率函数设计相位掩模板,采用平面光照射写入相位掩模板的空间光调制器(SLM),则在SLM的傅里叶平面上产生了完美涡旋光束,解决了傅里叶平面0级和±1级光谱重叠的问题。提出了一种完美涡旋光束的空间自由调控技术,通过实验分析,明确了空间调控位移与调控因子间的函数关系,调控精度达到了2.25μm。通过在线调节锥透镜的锥角参数,实现了完美涡旋光束中心亮环半径的自由调控,并得到光束中心亮环半径与锥角的二次函数关系。将波长为532nm和632.8nm入射光产生的完美涡旋光束作对比,结果表明,当入射波长较长时,仍可得到较小半径的完美涡旋光束。该研究为完美涡旋光束在微粒操纵、光学信息编码、光学测量及基于轨道角动量的光纤通信等领域的应用提供了新思路。     

时域有限差分法数值仿真单光镊中微球受到的光阱力

本文采用三维时域有限差分法(FDTD)和Maxwell应力张量法建立了单光镊在焦点附近俘获球形微粒的光阱力模型,采用基于球矢量波函数(VSWF)的五阶高斯光源作为仿真光源,得到了准确的光场传播.讨论了光源的波长、束腰、偏振态和微球的半径、折射率对光阱力的影响,分析了在单光镊俘获微球时,邻近微球对光阱力的影响.特别研究了光源的偏振态对微球所受光阱力的作用效果,仿真结果表明圆偏振光比线偏振光对微球的俘获力更大;被光镊稳定俘获的微球,会受到邻近微球干扰,失去平衡状态,改变光源的偏振态可以改变微球的受力状态. 关键词： 光镊 光阱力 介质微球 时域有限差分法(FDTD)     

强聚焦拉盖尔-高斯光场中球形粒子的受力

拉盖尔-高斯光束是典型的涡旋光束,光束的轨道角动量会传递给微粒使其产生轨道运动。本文利用T矩阵方法和麦克斯韦应力张量积分计算了强聚焦线偏振拉盖尔-高斯光束对球形粒子的捕获力,并着重分析了粒子半径和光束阶数对微粒在涡旋聚焦场中运动状态的影响。当光束阶数一定时,随着微粒半径的增大,轨道运动的轨迹会逐渐缩小。当粒子半径大于临界值时,就会被捕获到光轴上,且无法进行轨道运动。但是,离轴捕获的粒子受到的轴向捕获力比轴上捕获的要小一个量级,需要施加足够的入射光功率以维持稳定的轨道运动。     

不同偏振态光镊三维光阱刚度的比较研究

为了研究激光偏振态对光阱刚度的影响,本文比较了四种不同偏振态光场(方位角偏振光、径向偏振光、线偏振光、圆偏振光)捕获不同尺寸SiO_2微粒的三维光阱刚度.研究结果表明:当SiO_2微粒的尺寸和激光波长相近时,圆偏振光和线偏振光的三维光阱刚度大于径向偏振光和方位角偏振光的三维光阱刚度;而随着SiO_2微粒尺寸的增加,方位角偏振光和径向偏振光的三维光阱刚度大于圆偏振光和线偏振光的三维光阱刚度.此外,实验也表明:使用浸油物镜捕获微粒时,物镜匹配油的折射率和水的折射率不一致引起的球差,会降低系统对物镜数值孔径的利用.通过这些研究工作,可以为不同偏振态光场的测力研究提供一定的指导和参考.     

基于双开口谐振环超表面的宽带太赫兹涡旋光束产生

提出了一种基于双开口谐振环单元结构超表面的太赫兹宽带涡旋光束产生器.该结构由金属-电介质两层构成,位于顶层的是基于双开口谐振环单元结构的超表面,底层为介质层.对单元结构阵列进行数值仿真,圆偏振的入射光可以被转换成相应的交叉偏振透射光,通过旋转表层金属谐振环,可以控制交叉偏振透射光具有相同的振幅和不同的相位.这些单元结构按照特定的规律排列,可以形成用以产生不同拓扑荷数的涡旋光束的涡旋相位板.以拓扑荷数1和2为例,设计了两种涡旋相位板,数值分析了圆偏振波垂直入射到该涡旋相位板生成交叉圆偏振涡旋光束的特性.结果表明,在1.39—1.91 THz的频率范围内产生了比较理想的不同拓扑荷数的涡旋光束,且透过率高于20%,最高可达到24%,接近单层透射式超表面的理论极限值.     

基于Metasurface的轨道角动量光束的产生与调控

提出了一种基于metasurface产生与调控轨道角动量光束的新方法。光场在偏振态的演变过程中可以获得附加的Pancharatnam-Berry(PB)几何相位。因此,可以通过调控光场的偏振态获得所需相位。所构造的metasurface具有空间变化的光轴分布,能够精确地操控光束的偏振态。当metasurface的光轴方向在方位角方向连续变化时,就能产生与方位角坐标相关的PB相,也就是涡旋相。该相位可以用来产生轨道角动量光束,也可以用来操控涡旋光束的轨道角动量。实验结果验证了这种方案的可行性。所得到的结果为轨道角动量光束的产生及光束的轨道角动量调控提供了一种新方法,对基于轨道角动量光束的量子通信和光学微操控等也有应用价值。     

同心矢量完美涡旋模式的特性

完美涡旋光场模式的单一性难以满足其在多种领域的应用需求。为解决该问题,提出了一种同心矢量完美涡旋模式,其光强分布为一族同心的矢量完美涡旋,各环矢量完美涡旋的性质得到了验证。研究发现,每个完美涡旋的光环大小、偏振阶数等特征参数相互独立。对同心矢量完美涡旋模式光环叠加的实验表明,与标量完美涡旋光束叠加不同,矢量叠加产生的子涡旋会在特定位置消失,原因是两光环在该位置偏振正交。该研究极大地丰富了完美涡旋的模式分布,拓宽了完美涡旋在微操纵、光通信等领域的潜在应用。     

纳米磁流体动态散斑干涉场的奇异场分布

通过对由纳米磁流体运动引起的双扫描激光散斑干涉光场及其变化做拉盖尔-高斯滤波下的傅里叶变换,获得动态散斑干涉图对应的光学涡旋分布及变化特征。分析认为,光学涡旋分布及变化对应着由纳米磁微粒及其团族的运动所引起的动态散斑变化。当纳米磁微粒聚集到分散的过程中,动态激光散斑光场的奇异场分布发生相应变化,说明了磁流体运动过程对应涡旋密度有先大后小,再由小变大的两个变化;并且光学涡旋密度高,对应较小颗粒的散斑场,磁流体处于稳态的状况;光学涡旋密度低,对应较大颗粒的散斑场,对应着磁流体激烈的运动。研究结果体现了奇异场分布变化和纳米磁流体动后趋稳的过程存在对应关系。     

自由空间中偏振调制光场的传输及控制

光场的偏振态作为光场调控的一个新自由度,逐渐成为研究者们关注的热点。对光场偏振态的非均匀调制可以实现光子自旋-轨道相互耦合,从而发掘很多新的光学现象,其中Pancharatnam-Berry(PB)相位扮演了至关重要的角色。在偏振转换中,光场的不同偏振分量得到不同的PB相位。利用PB相位对光场偏振分量进行波前整形,以控制光场偏振分量的传输,从而在光场传输过程中实现偏振转换、角动量转化、能流控制等。光场偏振调制的相关研究在自旋选择成像、微粒操控、激光微加工、信息传输与修复中具有潜在的应用价值。分析了偏振调制光场的传输和控制原理,总结了近年来国内外的相关研究工作进展。     

相对论涡旋高次谐波的产生与调控理论研究

目前,具有螺旋相位波前和环状光强分布的涡旋光束已在光学领域获得了广泛应用,其产生与调控自然成了研究的热点。利用三维粒子模拟程序对双色拉盖尔高斯激光驱动固体等离子激发同时携带自旋角动量与轨道角动量的高次谐波的物理过程进行了研究,根据高次谐波产生过程中的光子能量与角动量守恒定律对其内在物理机制进行了理论分析,并讨论了对谐波阶次、偏振态（自旋角动量）以及拓扑荷数（轨道角动量）进行调控的方法。研究结果为开发高亮度、超短超快、短波长、自旋与轨道角动量可调控的涡旋光束辐射源提供了理论依据,在光学微操控、超分辨成像、光通信以及离子加速等领域具有较大的实际应用前景。     

碳酸钙微粒光致旋转的实验和理论研究

理论分析了由于光束轨道角动量和自旋角动量传递以及微粒的特殊形状导致微粒旋转的机理.实验建立了单光束激光光镊装置,不仅可以捕获并移动直径为微米量级的微小粒子,而且利用圆偏振光与微粒之间角动量的传递,实现了对具有双折射特性的碳酸钙微粒的光致旋转.实验中发现微粒的旋转不仅取决于光束的偏振态,还与微粒本身的形状有关,解释了实验中观察到的几种旋转现象.碳酸钙微粒旋转的最高转速达到12转/秒,转速与激光功率成正比.     

Properties of circularly polarized vortex beams

The properties of circularly polarized vortex beams in cylindrical polarization bases are studied. A circularly polarized vortex beam is decomposed into radial and azimuthal polarization. With the proper combination of vortex charge and the handedness of the circular polarization, a focal field with an extremely strong longitudinal component as well as a flat-topped profile can be obtained. The cylindrical decomposition also sheds light on the connections between orbital angular momentum and the spin of the light beams.     

聚焦高斯涡旋光束焦区电场和磁场的偏振奇点

以高斯涡旋光束为例,研究了聚焦场中电场和磁场的偏振奇点变化规律.结果表明,高斯涡旋光束经透镜聚焦后,在焦区存在二维和三维电场和磁场的偏振奇点,其位置一般不重合.适当改变与焦面的距离以及光阑截断参数等出现圆偏振奇点的移动、产生和湮没.不同二维和三维电场和磁场圆偏振奇点湮没所对应的各参数临界值不同.在二维电场中,几何焦面上会有V点的产生.     

Generation of Circular Optical Vortex Array

We report on a novel optical vortex array named circular optical vortex array, which is generated by the superposition of two concentric perfect optical vortices. The circular optical vortex array has a constant topological charge of +1 or ?1, the number and sign of which are determined by the topological charges of the two perfect optical vortices. Moreover, the radius of the circular optical vortex array is easily adjusted by using the cone angle of an axicon. Furthermore, the circular optical vortex array and multiple circular optical vortex array can be rotated by changing the initial phase difference of the perfect optical vortices on demand. This work demonstrates a complex structured optical field, which is of significance for applications such as optical tweezers, micro‐particle manipulation, and optical imaging.     

Comparison of three kinds of polarized Bessel vortex beams propagating through uniaxial anisotropic media

A comparison of differently polarized Bessel vortex beams propagating through a uniaxial anisotropic slab is discussed in terms of the vector wave function expansions.The magnitude profiles of electric field components, the transformation of polarization modes, and the distributions of orbital angular momentum(OAM) states of the reflected and transmitted beams for different incident angles are numerically simulated.The results indicate that the magnitude profiles of electric field components for different polarization modes are distinct from each other and have a great dependence on the incident angle,thus the transformation of polarization modes which reflects the change of energy can be affected largely.As compared to the x and circular polarization incidences, the reflected and transmitted beams for the radial polarization incidence suffer the fewest transformation of polarization modes, showing a better energy invariance.The distributions of OAM states of the reflected and transmitted beams for different polarization modes are diverse as well, and the derived OAM states of the transmitted beam for radial polarization present a focusing effect, concentrating on the state between two predominant OAM states.     

Switchable vector vortex beam generation using an optical fiber

We present our experimental results on directly transforming a circular-polarized Gaussian beam into linear-polarized vector vortex beams using a two-mode fiber and demonstrate switching between the different 0th-order vector vortex modes excited and guided in the fiber. Depending on the handiness of circular-polarization of the input Gaussian light beam, its launch angle with respect to the fiber axis and by changing them appropriately it is possible to excite and switch between the different vector vortex modes and its coherent linear superposition supported by the two-mode fiber. The output optical beams due to the selectively excited vector modes in the fiber are characterized by using a rotating analyzer and a two-beam interferometer setup to study the polarization and the phase behavior of the vector vortex beam.     

Effects of the induced birefringence in photorefractive crystals on speckle optical vortices

In this work, we show that it is possible to change the properties of an optical vortex formed in a speckle pattern by the control of an external electric field applied to a sillenite-type photorefractive material in a non-holographic configuration. To show it, a scheme that allows the recovering of both, the polarization state and the phase distribution of an optical field was implemented. Changes in the polarization state of the light in the neighborhood of the vortex were observed with the application of an external electric field. Likewise, changes in the phase structure around the vortex and displacements of the vortices themselves were measured. These displacements have a fairly linear dependence on the applied field to the photorefractive crystal. Experimental results are qualitatively explained with the theoretical treatment of non-holographic recording in photorefractive crystals.     

Tight focusing of spirally polarized vortex beams

The tight focusing of spirally polarized focused vortex beams is analyzed numerically based on the vectorial Debye theory. The expressions for the electric field and the orbital angular momentum of focused beams are derived. It is shown that the intensity distribution in the focal plane is dependent on the specific spirally polarized state and the coefficient of the spiral polarization function. By presenting the phase contours of the component polarized in the radial direction, it is found that the radii of dislocation lines will increase with the increase of the power of the spirally polarization function. It is reveled that the same orbital angular momentum can be obtained for different spirally polarized state at certain distance along the propagation direction in the focal region. Besides, the orbital angular momentum distributions for different polarized states have fewer crossover points with each other for higher topological charge. The influence of the spirally polarized state on the orbital angular momentum in the focal plane is also studied.