高斯光束在外加空间调制电场的光折变晶体中的演化

研究了高斯光束在外加空间调制电场的光折变晶体中的演化,结果表明,在不同的外加调制电场作用下高斯光束的光场分布会随着外电场变化而被调制。重点研究了同相位和反相位以及相位差为π/2的高斯光束在外加空间调制电场的光折变晶体中的相互作用,在外加空间分布线性增加电场作用下出现了许多新的实用特性,通过调整外加电场分布,可以让两同相位相干光靠得更近而不发生融合,也可以让两靠得很近的反相位光束可控偏转,还可以控制相位差为π/2的两相干光束进行能量转移。这种连续变化的电场可以用阶梯分布的电场替代,为工程实现提供了可能。     

双光子光折变介质中非相干耦合亮-暗混合屏蔽孤子族

 根据光波耦合方程及亮-暗孤子对解,对稳态情况下多束互不相干的光束在有外加电场的双光子非光伏光折变晶体中的传播进行分析,给出产生亮-暗双光子光折变屏蔽光伏孤子族需满足的条件。证明有外加电场双光子非光伏光折变晶体中存在非相干耦合亮-暗混合屏蔽孤子族,孤子族由偏振态和波长都相同的多束互不相干的光形成。当外加电场方向和晶体光轴方向相同时,双光子光折变晶体可支持亮孤子族总峰值光强稍大于暗孤子族总峰值光强的的非相干耦合亮-暗混合孤子族,当外加电场方向与晶体光轴方向相反时,双光子光折变晶体可支持亮孤子族总峰值光强稍小于暗孤子族总峰值光强的非相干耦合亮-暗混合孤子族。     

Self-trapping of weak optical beams in photorefractive materials

Intensity-independent self-trapping of optical beams in photorefractive crystals was found recently. But we show that due to the existence of dark conductivity in some photorefractive materials or coherent and non-coherent background irradiance, the self-trapping of weak optical beams in photorefractive materials, such as SBN, becomes intensity dependent. The threshold condition of the applied external de electric field for self-trapping is determined as function of the material parameters as well as the initial transverse sizes and relative intensities of the beams.     

The Bragg Diffraction of Light at Acoustophotorefractive Holographic Gratings in Gyrotropic Cubic Crystals

We investigate diffraction of light at phase holographic-type gratings recorded by a piezoactive ultrasonic wave in gyrotropic cubic photorefractive crystals. We show that the efficiency of diffraction at a holographic grating can be increased substantially by applying a d.c. field to a crystal under the conditions of a longitudinal electrooptical effect; elliptical polarization of diffracted light is determined by electrically induced anisotropy of a crystal in the piezofield of a photorefractive grating, by the external electric field, detuning of phase synchronism, gyrotropy of the crystal, ultrasound frequency, and the time of recombination of charge carriers.     

Improvement in refractive-index change in LiNbO3：Ce：Cu by applying an external electric field

By jointly solving two-centre material equations with a nonzero external electric field and coupled-wave equations, we have numerically studied the dependence of the non-volatile holographic recording in LiNbO3：Ce：Cu crystals on the external electric field. The dominative photovoltaic effect of the non-volatile holographic recording in doubly doped LiNbO3 crystals is directly verified. And an external electric field that is applied in the positive direction along the c-axis （or a large one in the negative direction of the c-axis） in the recording phase and another one that is applied in the negative direction of the c-axis in the fixing phase are both proved to benefit strong photorefractive performances. Experimental verifications are given with a small electric field applied externally.     

Study of beam-fanning hysteresis in photo- refractive SBN:Ce: light-induced and primary scattering as functions of polar structure

We study light-induced scattering (beam-fanning) in the photorefractive crystal SBN:Ce as a function of the polar structure of the crystal. The spatial structure of the beam-fanning is measured at different externally applied electric fields, and an optical hysteresis is found in the scattering. It is shown that the scattering hysteresis results from a polarization hysteresis typical for ferroelectrics in the polar phase. New information about primary scattering in SBN is obtained, and a corresponding model of its origin is proposed. It is shown that the intensity and angular distribution of the primary scattering strongly depend on the polar structure of the crystal and can be affected by the subsequent action of an external field and coherent illumination. Received: 27 August 2002 / Revised version: 19 December 2002 / Published online: 26 March 2003 RID="*" ID="*"Corresponding author. E-mail: mirco.imlau@uni-osnabrueck.de     

Magnetic-field-induced changes in the photorefractive sensitivity of lithium niobate

The effect of a magnetic field on the average photorefractive sensitivity of an undoped LiNbO₃ crystal is studied by phase-mismatched second-harmonic generation. The experimental data obtained show the photorefractive sensitivity to reverse sign as the external magnetic field exceeds B ₁=?0.38±0.04 T. The magnetic field is oriented perpendicular to the crystal optical axis and to the plane of laser radiation polarization. The variation of the photorefractive sensitivity is associated with paramagnetic iron centers, whose photoionization probability depends on the direction of their magnetic moment relative to the optical axis.     

Anti-Le-Chatelet behavior driven by strong natural light

We show that strong incoherent broad band light causes positive feedback in response to a static electric field in random media: electric current flows in opposite to a voltage drop direction; static polarization is induced in opposition to an applied electric field. This type of the electron motion amplifies the external action revealing anti-Le-Chatelet behavior. The applied static electric field is amplified up to the domain of optical damage of a silica glass ≈10⁷ V/cm.     

High-aperture binary axicons for the formation of the longitudinal electric field component on the optical axis for linear and circular polarizations of the illuminating beam

Diffraction of uniformly polarized laser beams with vortex phase singularity is theoretically analyzed using the plane wave expansion. It is shown that for a high numerical aperture, an intense longitudinal electric field component is formed on the optical axis in this case. It is numerically demonstrated that an analogous effect is ensured for diffraction of a conventional Gaussian beam from asymmetric binary axicons. The field intensity on the optical axis can be varied either by rotating the optical element or by changing the direction of polarization of radiation.     

强外加电场与大调制度下光折变动力学光栅形成研究

强外加电场与大调制度在光折变效应的研究中已经得到了广泛应用。采用PDECOL算法,严格求解光折变带输运方程,得到外加电场时不同调制度下光折变晶体中随时间变化的空间电荷场、载流子浓度,并讨论了外加电场对它们的影响。通过将物质方程与耦合波方程联立数值求解,可得到光折变光栅形成过程中两波耦合增益系数以及光束条纹相位的变化。模拟结果表明,在强外加电场作用下,两束记录光之间的光强与相位耦合都得到了增强,而原有的解析式忽视了强外加电场与大调制度对空间电荷场相位耦合的影响,此时不再适用。同时发现折射率光栅与记录光束条纹均发生弯曲,并不再保持平行。     

Theoretical study on coupling effects of modulation depth between two photorefractive phase gratings with an external applied field

We used the perturbation expanding method to the hopping model and studied coupling effects of the modulation depth between two photorefractive phase gratings stored in one point with an external applied DC electric field . It has been found that the modulation depth of one of the two gratings seriously affects the spatial-charge field of the other grating.     

完美涡旋光中微米级粒子的受力与力矩特性分析

基于紧聚焦方法在几何焦平面处获得了完美涡旋光场,理论分析了该光场中微米级尺寸微粒受到的光学力与轨道矩。结果表明,该完美涡旋光可以在横平面上捕获微粒并驱动其绕光轴做轨道旋转运动,微粒受到的轨道矩随着拓扑荷的增大先增大后趋近于稳定。此外,分析了圆偏振、径向偏振和方位角偏振完美涡旋光对微粒施加的光学力和轨道矩。结果表明完美涡旋光的偏振态在一定程度上会影响微粒的轨道运动,圆偏振完美涡旋光更适合用于诱导微粒轨道旋转。     

有偏压的光伏光折变晶体中的空间孤子

证明了有偏压的光伏光折变晶体中存在着明、暗稳态的空间孤子.它源于对外电场的非均匀空间屏蔽和光伏效应.与已报道的稳态光折变空间孤子相比,它具有不同的特性.当外电场为某一特定值时,用改变外电场的极性和旋转光的偏振方向可以实现明孤子与暗孤子的相互转换.当外电场足够强可以忽略光伏效应时,它类似于屏蔽孤子;当不存在外电场时,它类似于开路条件下的光伏孤子. 关键词：     

Theoretical study on coupling effects of modulation depth between two photorefractive phase gratings with an external applied field

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Polarization nonlinear optics of quadratically nonlinear azopolymers

The polarization properties of second harmonic and sum-frequency signals generated by femtosecond laser pulses in films of polymers containing covalent groups of an azobenzothiazole chromophore polarized by an external electric field are investigated. It is shown that the methods of polarization nonlinear optics make it possible to determine the structure of oriented molecular dipoles and reveal important properties of the motion of collectivized π electrons in organic molecules with strong optical nonlinearities. The polarization measurements show that the tensor of quadratic nonlinear optical susceptibility of chromophore fragments oriented by an external field in macromolecules of the noted azopolymers has a degenerate form. This is indicative of a predominantly one-dimensional character of motion of collectivized π electrons along an extended group of atoms in such molecules.     

The effect of a high external electric field on a photorefractive ring phase conjugator

It is shown that a high external electric field often used to enhance the efficiency of photorefractive beam coupling and to decrease the photorefractive response time, may cause mode switching in photorefractive ring phase conjugator leading to a significant drop in the phase conjugate reflectivity.     

Polymeric photorefractive surface waves

We theoretically studied photorefractive surface waves supported by polymers with orientationally enhanced photorefractive effect. We find that the orientational enhancement and the dependency of the quantum efficiency of generating mobile holes on the electric field make the diffusion nonlinearity in photorefractive polymers dependent not on only the variation of light intensity but also on external electric field, which is very different from the external electric field independent diffusion nonlinearity in inorganic photorefractive crystals. Consequently the profile, frequency and especially the penetration depth of polymeric photorefractive surface waves strongly depend on external electric field, which makes it more controllable than that in photorefractive inorganic crystals. The stability of polymeric photorefractive surface waves, the effects of birefringence component and electro-optic component of orientationally enhanced photorefractive nonlinearity on the formation of x or y-polarized polymeric photorefractive surface waves are also discussed.     

Internal electric fields due to piezoelectric and spontaneous polarizations in CdZnO/MgZnO quantum well with various applied electric field effects

The strain-induced piezoelectric polarization and the spontaneous polarization can be reduced effectively using the applied electric field in the CdZnO/ZnMgO quantum well (QW) structure with high Cd composition. That is, optical properties as a function of internal and external fields in the CdZnO/ZnMgO QW with various applied electric field result in the increased optical gain due to the fact that the QW potential profile is flattened as a result of the compensation of the internal field by the reverse field as confirmed. These results demonstrate that a high-performance optical device operation can be realized in CdZnO/MgZnO QW structures by reducing the droop phenomenon.     

Thin ferromagnetic nanodisk in transverse magnetic field

The magnetization of a ferromagnetic nanodisk is studied using micromagnetic modeling. It is demonstrated that, under an external magnetic field applied perpendicular to the disk surface, magnetic phase transitions can occur between uniform states, between uniform and vortex states, and between vortex states with different directions of polarization. A simple variation model is proposed describing the observed magnetic states quantitatively.     

Enhancement of the diffraction efficiency of the hologram recorded in photorefractive media under the action of external electric field

Diffraction efficiency as a function of the applied electric field for the non-linear regime has been calculated by solving numerically the beam coupling equations. The refractive index variation used in the beam coupling equations was calculated directly from the material rate equations via the total space charge field. The diffraction efficiency of the holograms recorded in photorefractive media is not only a function of the applied external electric field but also a function of crystal thickness, diffusion field, reduced fringe contrast modulation ratio and absorption coefficient of the materials. The effects of these parameters on the efficiency of the holograms have been studied in details. In the absence of the external applied field, it is found that the diffraction efficiency of the holograms could be maximized for a thinner photorefractive crystal having lower absorption coefficient and higher value of diffusion field, which could exist at a much lower value of reduced fringe contrast modulation ratio of the index grating. More efficient holograms can be recorded in the presence of the externally applied electric field as compared to the case of no external field.