0.16 nm spaced multi-wavelength Brillouin fiber laser in a figure-of-eight configuration

A stable and compact multi-wavelength Brillouin fiber laser (BFL) operating at room temperature is experimentally demonstrated using a 100 m long photonic crystal fiber (PCF) in conjunction with a figure-of-eight configuration. At a Brillouin pump (BP) level of 15.3 dBm, 7 simultaneous lines with 20 GHz or 0.16 nm line spacing is achieved by removing the odd-order Stokes lines. The anti-Stokes lines are also generated via four wave mixing process in the laser cavity. Compared with the Erbium-based multi-wavelength laser, this BFL has advantages in term of channel spacing and flexibility in the choice of operating wavelength. The output spectrum of the proposed BFL can be tuned by 80 nm, dependent on the availability of an appropriate BP source. The multi-wavelength BFL shows a good stability with power fluctuations of less than 0.5 dB over more than 3 h.     

Influence of laser linewidth on performance of Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry

The effects of optical sources with different laser linewidths on Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry (BOTDR) are investigated numerically and experimentally. Simulation results show that the spectral linewidth of spontaneous Brillouin scattering remains almost constant when the laser linewidth is less than 1 MHz at the same pulse width; otherwise, it increases sharply. A comparison between a fiber laser (FL) with 4-kHz linewidth at 3 dB and a distributed feedback (DFB) laser with 3-MHz linewidth is made experimentally. When a constant laser power is launched into the sensing fiber, the fitting linewidths of the beat signals (backscattered Brillouin light and local oscillator (LO)) is about 5 MHz wider for the DFB laser than for the FL and the intensity of the beat signal is about a half. Furthermore, the frequency fluctuation in the long sensing fiber is lower for the FL source, yielding about 2 MHz less than that of the DFB laser, indicating higher temperature/strain resolution. The experimental results are in good agreement with the numerical simulations.     

布里渊动态光栅原理及其在光纤传感中的应用

自从2007年布里渊动态光栅被首次提出用于实现光存储以来,该技术得到了国际上的广泛关注和研究.布里渊动态光栅本质上是由相干声波场激发的折射率光栅,一般情况下两束抽运光(频率差等于光纤的布里渊频移)以相同的偏振态从光纤两端注入到光纤中,通过受激布里渊散射效应激发出相干声波场,即形成布里渊动态光栅.光纤布里渊动态光栅因具有全光产生、参数灵活可控的优点,已被广泛研究应用于光纤传感、光纤特性表征、光存储、全光信号处理、微波光子学和高精度光谱分析等.本文分析布里渊动态光栅产生和探测原理,重点探讨在高性能分布式光纤传感上的应用,这些应用包括高灵敏度温度和应变分布式传感、温度和应变同时解调、分布式横向压力传感、分布式静压力(气压或液压)传感、高空间分辨率分布式传感和高精度光谱分析.     

Thermally tunable microfiber knot resonator based erbium-doped fiber laser

A compact and tunable erbium-doped fiber laser is demonstrated using a highly doped fiber and a microfiber knot resonator (MKR) structure which is laid on the surface of a small peltier. The MKR functions as both a reflector and a tunable filter where tunability is achieved by varying the temperature of the resonator by heating the peltier. A stable laser output is achieved at the 1533 nm region with an optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) of 27 dB using a 65 mW of 980 nm pump power. The operating wavelength of the laser can be tuned from 1532.60 nm to 1533.49 nm as the temperature is increased from the room temperature of 24 to 90 °C. It is observed that the operating wavelength shifts to a longer wavelength as the temperature increases with an efficiency of 12.4 pm/°C. This is due to the thermally induced optical phase shift attributable to the changes in effective refractive index and optical path length of the MKR loop.     

光纤移频分布式布里渊光纤传感技术

提出了一种利用布里渊光纤环形腔移频技术实现分布式光纤布里渊传感的方法.该方法基于布里渊光时域分析法原理,将一束单纵模运转激光器输出的激光分为两束|一束光入射布里渊光纤环形腔中产生窄线宽的受激布里渊散射光作为斯托克斯光,另一束光经过低频相位调制后作为泵浦光|斯托克斯光和泵浦光分别相向入射进入传感光纤,通过测量布里渊谱得到光纤温度或应变.利用该方法可将十几GHz的微波频率转化为兆赫信号频率进行探测处理,仅需一台激光器,因此系统结构简单、成本低,还可减小激光器频率波动对测量准确度的影响.实验验证了该方法的可行性.     

Bi-directional dual-wavelength Brillouin lasing in a hybrid fiber ring cavity

In this paper, a novel Brillouin fiber laser (BFL) is proposed based on the hybrid fiber ring cavity composed of two types of fibers with different Brillouin shifts. Single mode fiber (SMF) and truewave fiber (TWF) are used in our experiments. Bi-directional dual-wavelength Brillouin lasing is achieved in the hybrid fiber ring cavity. The lasing lights along the two directions come from the Stokes waves generated in the two fibers, respectively, with different Brillouin shifts, however, they share the same fiber ring cavity. The BFL based on the hybrid fiber ring cavity provides a simple possible way to realize Brillouin fiber optical gyroscopes (BFOGs) without lock-in effect.     

光子晶体光纤陀螺的谐振腔设计

提出了一种新颖的基于光子晶体光纤和空间光学元件的光学谐振腔结构,利用MATLAB软件进行了谐振腔谐振特性的计算与分析,并在此基础上完成了谐振腔设计.设计的分析结果表明,当谐振腔输入镜M1和输出镜M2的反射率等于0.99时,谐振清晰度可以达到43.5,谐振腔谐振深度可以达到0.998 7,陀螺极限灵敏度可以达到0.5°/h.     

激光二极管抽运频差可调谐双频固体激光器的研究

研究了激光二极管抽运的可调频差的双频固体激光器，激光增益介质为2mm厚的1at%掺杂Nd:YAG薄片.对谐振腔产生稳定双频激光的条件作了分析，用琼斯矩阵计算了谐振腔内各处电场矢量的偏振态，证明了双频激光两个电场矢量偏振态之间总是正交的.两个偏振激光频率间隔由改变λ/4波片快轴之间的夹角实现调谐.实验中使用腔内标准具实现单频运转，然后插入双λ/4波片使单纵模激光频率分裂，实现了激光器的双频输出.实验中得到双频激光稳定运转时频差的上限约为1.3GHz；由于强模竞争现象的存在，实验中所观察到的频差下限为50MHz. 100MHz拍频时得到的双频激光输出功率为85mW. 关键词： 激光技术 固体激光器 双频激光     

Two-Frequency Brillouin Fiber Laser Based on Bragg Grating Fabry-Perot Cavity

Abstract

A novel and simple two-frequency Brillouin fiber laser is presented. It is based on a fiber Fabry-Perot cavity with fiber Bragg gratings as reflectors. The model of stimulated Brillouin scattering in fiber grating–based Fabry-Perot resonator is investigated. The laser allows conversion efficiency of close to 100% and suppresses the higher-order Stokes waves. The theoretical prediction is presented and the experimental demonstration is realized.     

Two-Frequency Brillouin Fiber Laser Based on Bragg Grating Fabry-Perot Cavity

A novel and simple two-frequency Brillouin fiber laser is presented. It is based on a fiber Fabry-Perot cavity with fiber Bragg gratings as reflectors. The model of stimulated Brillouin scattering in fiber grating-based Fabry-Perot resonator is investigated. The laser allows conversion efficiency of close to 100% and suppresses the higher-order Stokes waves. The theoretical prediction is presented and the experimental demonstration is realized.     

SOA-fiber ring laser and its application to electric field sensing in frequency domain

We have developed a novel optical fiber ring laser using a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) as the gain medium, and taking advantage of polarization anisotropy of its gain. The laser can control the oscillation frequency difference between two counterpropagating lights by incorporating a birefringent medium into the ring resonator. Since the frequency difference is proportional to the birefringence, it can be measured to detect the beat frequency generated by combining two counterpropagating lights and the laser can be applied to an optical fiber sensor whose detecting signal is in frequency domain. Electric field sensor was demonstrated with a lithium niobate crystal as a sensing probe.     

变光外差为电外差的双频激光探测

演示一种双频激光位移探测系统,阐述光载波激光雷达的概念。由单块非平面环形腔固体激光器和声光调制器产生100MHz载波频率的双频激光束,作为探测光束,经过光路收发系统,探测位于电动导轨上目标的位移变化,信号处理部分采用高速光电探测器响应后信号的电子外差解调方式,位移量的获得通过高频锁相放大器解算参考光束与信号光束的相位差并计算获得。通过双频激光把光学外差探测变为了电子外差探测,系统重复误差小于3%。系统在利用无线电雷达信号处理方式的同时,保留了激光探测的优点,位移测量系统具有良好的重复性。     

保持法拉第效应的光纤环行腔结构

对两种扭转光纤环行控结构进行了分析，表明这两种结构能有效地保持法拉第效应，可用于电流传感和光纤陀螺。另外这两种地环境温度有较强的抑止作用，有较大的实用价值。     

单纵模布里渊掺铒光纤激光器的实验研究

提出了一种具有多环形腔(MRC)和光纤布拉格光栅可调谐滤波器(FBG-TF)相结合的单纵模布里渊掺铒光纤激光器(BEDFL).实验中通过观察激光器输出光的拍频信号分析其光谱精细结构,分别讨论了布里渊增益、FBG-TF、MRC对BEDFL单模输出的贡献,给出了激光器的功率特性曲线和波长稳定性测试图.实验得到了在1550 nm处功率为4 dBm,信噪比(SNR)>60 dB,线宽小于1.5 kHz的稳定单纵模输出光.     

光纤环形谐振腔的频率锁定及其特性

基于可调分束比的光纤分束器,制作了光纤环形谐振腔并通过调节分束比实现了对光纤环形谐振腔的欠耦合、临界耦合和过耦合的状态控制.实验测量了腔最小反射率与腔损耗之间的关系,获得光纤环形谐振腔的腔内衰减率为κ_0=2π×(1.60±0.03) MHz ,品质因子为Q=(1.10±0.02)×10.8.在此基础上,结合了压电陶瓷拉伸光纤以控制腔长和Pound-Drever-Hall锁频两大技术优势,克服了之前温度反馈控制等方法的反馈带宽窄、噪声大和稳定性差等问题,实现了对光纤环形谐振腔共振频率的快速、灵敏的控制和锁定.结果表明,锁频过程中相位调制功率与相位调制引起腔反射光的强度调制之间的关系为线性关系,进而通过降低相位调制信号的功率以减小相位调制对腔反射光强度调制的影响.当调制功率设定最低为–9 dBm时,光纤环形谐振腔仍能被稳定锁定.该光纤环形谐振腔为其与原子、金刚石色心等发光粒子相互作用的腔量子电动力学实验研究奠定了坚实的基础.     

一个新型的基于全光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪BOTDR系统

报道了新型的分布式传感测量布里渊光时域反射(BOTDR)系统.布里渊散射频移和强度均依赖于温度和应变,因此,BOTDR利用光纤中的自发布里渊散射作为测量信号可以实现分布式温度和应变测量.在BOTDR中,光源采用窄谱半导体激光器,并由声光调制器调制成脉冲光,经掺铒光纤放大器放大后,注入测试光纤以产生自发布里渊散射.利用双通Mach-Zehnder干涉仪分离光纤背向散射中的自发布里渊散射与瑞利散射信号,实现了自发布里渊散射的直接检测.实验结果表明基于全光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪BOTDR方案是可行的.     

Dynamics of Stimulated Brillouin Scattering in a Short and High-Finesse Fiber Fabry-Perot Resonator

We theoretically investigate the dynamics of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in a short fiber Fabry-Perot resonator with reflection mirrors. The analysis is based on the coherent six-wave model including an optical Kerr effect and the linear cavity detunings for the pump and created Stokes waves are taken into account in the formulation. The instabilities including periodic, quasi-periodic and chaotic oscillations can occur owing to the Kerr effect even if the fiber resonator is so short as to ensure a single longitudinal-mode operation. The threshold power for SBS and the boundary power between the stable and unstable regions are numerically calculated as a function of the amplitude reflectance of mirrors for different cavity detunings. The dynamics of SBS and these two critical powers depend on the amplitude reflectance and the cavity detuning. Although an increase in the mirror reflectance decreases the threshold power for SBS, it may limit the utility of SBS since the stable region is narrow and the output power levels of the pump and Stokes waves are low.     

ZnS Nanospheres for Optical Modulator in an Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser

Zinc sulfide (ZnS), which belongs to transition metal monochalcogenides, is a semiconductor material with wide direct band gap. It can potentially show some special applications (such as luminescence, phosphor, sensors, infrared window materials, photocatalysis) by changing the morphology, size, and crystal structure of semiconductor materials. However, ZnS nanospheres have not been studied as optical modulators until now. Herein, ZnS nanospheres are synthesized by the hydrothermal method and are used to realize optical modulators in an Er-doped fiber laser. The evanescent field effect is utilized to incorporate the ZnS nanospheres on a tapered fiber. Furthermore, with the increase in pump power, the modulation interval gradually decreases to a minimum of 34.36 ns corresponding to the modulation frequency of 29.1 MHz, which is the highest modulation frequency to our knowledge in a ring cavity all-fiber laser. These results demonstrate ZnS nanospheres together with the interaction of dispersion and nonlinearity in optical fibers can modulate the proposed lasers. This not only provides a new method for controlling the power and frequency of all optical modulators, but also marks an important step for ZnS materials in optics research and device applications.     

光纤放大器增益饱和对有源光纤环形腔滤波特性的影响

从理论和实验两个方面研究了有源光纤环形腔滤波器输入光功率对光纤放大器增益的影响及由此引起的对有源光纤环形腔滤波特性的影响。在考虑上述影响的情况下 ,对有源光纤环形腔滤波器参数的优化作了讨论     

非线性光纤环：2.掺铒光纤全纤光学双稳态实验

利用掺饵光纤和光纤定向耦合器组成全光纤谐振腔，在光学非线性条件下，实现了全纤光学双稳运转，实验双稳阈值与理论相符。