LED结温与光谱特性关系的测量

采用恒定驱动电流改变环境温度和恒定环境温度改变驱动电流两种方法分别对直径5 mm封装的AlGaInP型红光和黄光LED,InGaN型绿光和蓝光LED,以及InGaN蓝光+荧光粉的白光LED的结温与其光谱特性进行了测量,得到了不同条件下LED结温与光谱特性的关系.结果表明;AlGaInP LED的峰值波长与结温有良好线性关系,InGaN LED的峰值波长则与结温没有明显对应关系;但白光LED发射光谱的白、蓝功率比与结温有良好线性关系;对AlGaInP LED及蓝光激发的白光LED,通过光谱特性测量可快速、准确地确定光源系统中各LED的结温继而预测光源系统的有效寿命.     

InGaN基白光LED光谱特征和结温相关性研究

 以InGaN蓝光+荧光粉的白光LED为研究对象,在恒定环境温度下改变驱动电流,利用光谱仪测得不同LED结温下的光谱曲线。通过分析实验数据,得出光谱特征与该型LED结温的关系。结果表明：InGaN基白光LED蓝光和荧光的峰值波长与结温没有明显的线性关系;蓝光的光谱线宽以及荧光和蓝光峰值强度的比值与结温具有良好的线性关系。     

AlGaInP基LED阵列平均结温的质心波长表征

在驱动电流为350 mA时,测量了LED阵列在不同衬底温度下的归一化光谱功率分布,然后计算质心波长,并分析其与LED阵列平均结温变化量的关系,最后研究了质心波长表征结温的准确度。研究结果表明:采用1 nm采样间隔的光谱仪,质心波长与平均结温的变化成良好的线性关系,其线性度明显优于中心波长法。同时,质心波长的测量精度更高。因此,质心波长测试是一种可以精确表征AlGaInP基LED阵列平均结温的有效方法。     

基于相对光谱差异的非接触式LED结温测量方法

提出一种运用相对光谱的整体差异表征AlGaInP基LED结温的方法.首先使用光谱仪测量不同驱动电流、不同衬底温度下,不同颜色AlGaInP基LED的相对光谱,计算同一LED不同结温条件下相对光谱之间的差异,然后分析相对光谱差异与结温变化量之间的线性度,最后比较相对光谱差异法与峰值波长法测量的准确性.研究表明:相对光谱差异与LED结温变化成正比,相对光谱差异法的准确度和测量误差随光谱仪带宽的增大而增大.当光谱仪带宽为2nm时,其准确度优于采用带宽为1nm的峰值波长法;当带宽为5nm时,其准确度与带宽为1nm的峰值波长法相当.     

结温对GaN基白光LED光学特性的影响

制备了一个可测量n型GaN材料电阻的白光LED样品,测量了从室温到170℃下的LED芯片的n-GaN材料的电阻,发现n-GaN材料的电阻随温度的升高而增大,且两者呈一定的指数关系。利用这一特性,通过测量LED工作状态下内部所用GaN材料的电阻,可以实现对LED结温的测量。通过改变积分球底板温度使LED样品处于不同的结温下,测量了白光LED的光谱及色度学参数,结果表明:白光LED的峰值波长、显色指数、色温、光通量均与结温成一定的线性关系。     

GaN基白光LED的结温测量

用正向电压法、管脚法和蓝白比法等三种方法测量GaN基白光LED的结温,获得了较为准确的结温,误差可以控制在4℃以内.正向电压法在恒定电流的条件下,得到了正向电压与结温的线性关系;蓝白比法在不同环境温度和不同注入电流两种情况下,都得到了蓝白比与结温较好的线性关系.提出了蓝白比法可能的物理机制,提高环境温度和增大注入电流都会使结温升高,蓝光峰值波长也会改变,这两个因素都会影响荧光粉的激发和发光效率.降低结温需要考虑的主要因素有白光LED的接触电阻、串联电阻和外量子效率,封装材料的热导率,反射杯和管脚的设计,以及空气散热部分的散热面积等.     

基于相对光谱强度的非接触式LED结温测量法

基于一体化封装高导热铝板,利用蓝光芯片及常用YAG荧光粉,制备了大功率白光LED,并研究了其在不同结温下的光谱变化规律。发现白光LED辐射光谱在波长485 nm处辐射强度具有极小值,并且此波长的辐射强度与LED结温存在良好的线性关系,以此为依据给出了该波长辐射强度与结温的关系公式,测量了LED结温,并与正向压降法及光谱法的测量结果进行对比。实验结果显示：所提出的结温测量方法与正向压降法测量结果差距不超过2 ℃,该方法保持了正向压降法的结温测量较为准确的优点,克服了光谱法的光谱漂移过小,对测试结果带来较大误差的缺点,同样也具有光谱法的实用性强、高效直观、非接触测量、不破坏灯具结构的优点。     

基于半峰宽的发光二极管结温测量方法

设计了一种采用普通光谱仪,基于光谱半峰宽(FWHM)方法测量LED结温测试系统。首先采用普通光谱仪测量在不同环境温度和正常工作的驱动电流下各色LED的相对光谱分布,由于光谱仪采集到光谱数据均是离散的,为了得到较为精确的半峰宽,需要在最强峰值I_(max)一半即0.5I_(max)处附近将离散的光谱峰形数据拟合成连续的峰形函数,便可计算出在不同温度下较为精确的FWHM,再经过一定的函数拟合,得到结温T_j与FWHM的函数关系。实验发现白光和蓝光LEDT_j-FWHM函数线性关系均高于其他颜色的LED,并且其线性指数R~2均非常接近1,表明各色LED其结温T_j和半峰宽FWHM两参量具有较强的线性函数关系;利用T_j与FWHM的函数关系,便可计算出任意测量值FWHM所对应的LED结温。由于该方法采用正常的驱动电流,自加热效应不可忽略,为了减少光谱仪在固定反应时间内由自加热效应而引起的LED器件结温的升高和温控系统引入的温度偏差而带来的测量误差,选定某状态下的T_j与FWHM为基准状态,并采用逐点作差法得到相应的ΔT_j和ΔFWHM,再将ΔT_j和ΔFWHM拟合成相应的线性函数,得到定标函数,这样极大地减少由自加热效应和温控系统而引入的偏差。最后将本方法得出的测量结果与采用Mentor Graphics公司的T3Ster仪器测出的结果进行了比较,发现偏离2.5%,在完全可接受的误差范围内。结果表明所提出的采用半峰宽法测量LED结温测试方法的可行性。该方法克服了光谱法的峰值波长漂移过小,对测试结果带来较大误差的缺点,并且具有不破坏原有封装结构和不需要昂贵仪器的优点。     

用归一化光谱分布差异表征AlGaInP基LED阵列的平均结温

提出了一种采用归一化光谱分布的总体差异表征AlGaInP基发光二极管(LED)阵列平均结温的新方法。采用光谱仪测量了不同衬底温度、不同注入功率时,3种LED阵列的归一化光谱分布,研究了归一化光谱分布差异与LED阵列平均结温的关系,并将归一化光谱分布差异表征平均结温的准确度与文献报道的中心波长法相比较。研究结果表明:无论是改变衬底温度还是注入功率,采用常用的1nm采样间隔的光谱仪,归一化光谱分布差异与LED阵列平均结温的变化成良好的线性关系,线性度优于中心波长法,因此归一化光谱分布差异可以用于平均结温的测算,且准确度高于中心波长法。     

基于特征光谱参量表征发光二极管结温的方法

针对采用蓝光激发荧光粉产生白光的YAG型白光LED,通过分析其光谱波谷特性,采用常规可见光光谱仪和温控系统设计了一套基于光谱特征参量的LED结温测试系统.测量方法分为定标函数的测定和任意状态下的测量两部分.首先采用光谱仪测量在给定的多个不同结温和正常驱动电流下的相对发光光谱数据,再分析其光谱波谷处的相对光谱强度.从实用性和降低成本的角度考虑,采用正常工作电流驱动,但以正常工作电流驱动下的LED在光谱仪的固定反应时间内其自加热效应不可忽略.因此采用选定基准状态法,将各温度下的相对发光光谱强度与基准状态下的逐点作差得到相应的发光光谱强度差,同时为了减少温控系统引入的温度偏差,同样将各温度与基准温度作差得到相应的结温差.实验表明高低色温大功率LED的结温差和发光光谱强度差经过一定的函数拟合形成的定标函数其线性度都较高,R2达到0.99以上;利用定标函数,可以测量出在任意状态下的LED结温.最后将采用本方法得出的高低色温LED在不同条件下的结温数据与通过Mentor Graphics公司的T3Ster仪器的测量结果进行了比较,最大偏离度为2.82%,在可接受的误差范围内,表明此方法完全具备可行性,具有一定的实用价值.     

Red-enhanced white light-emitting diodes using external AlGaInP epilayers with various aperture ratios

A novel hybrid white light-emitting diode (LED) is proposed to enhance the red color and stability of the chromaticity under various operating currents using an AlGaInP photon-recycling (PR) epilayer. A blue/yellow white InGaN LED sample is covered with an external patterned AlGaInP epilayer. Under an optimum aperture ratio of 30%, the luminous efficiency of the PR-LED lamp can achieve a color coordinate of (x=0.340, y=0.295). When the injection current increases from 50 to 350 mA, the color temperature decreases from 4030 to 3700 K and the color rendering index increases from 81 to 86. These could be due to the fact that the AlGaInP epilayer was not attached onto the LED chip, alleviating the thermal effect on the color coordinate. The present white PR-LED samples have high potential for portable liquid-crystal-display backlight applications.     

Warm-white light-emitting diodes integrated with colloidal quantum dots for high luminous efficacy and color rendering

Warm-white LEDs (WLEDs) with high spectral quality and efficiency are required for lighting applications, but current experimental performances are limited. We report on nanocrystal quantum dot (NQD) hybridized WLEDs with high performance that exhibit a high luminous efficacy of optical radiation exceeding 350lm/W(opt) and a high color rendering index close to 90 at a low correlated color temperature <3000K. These spectrally engineered WLEDs are obtained using a combination of CdSe/ZnS core/shell NQD nanophosphors integrated on blue InGaN/GaN LEDs.     

红、绿CdSe@ZnS量子点配比对三波段标准白光LED器件的影响

将一步法合成的具有梯度合金结构的红光、绿光CdSe@ZnS量子点与硅胶均匀混合后,作为光转换层涂覆到蓝色InGaN LED芯片上,制备了不含荧光材料的三波段白光LED器件。研究了峰值为650 nm和550 nm的高效率红、绿量子点在硅胶中的含量及配比对白光LED色坐标以及效率的影响。结果表明,当红、绿量子点配比为2：3时,可得到发射纯正白光的QDs-LED器件,色坐标为（0.322 8,0.335 9）、色温为5 725 K,功率效率为26.61 lm/W,显色指数为72.7。光谱中红、蓝、绿三色发光峰的半高宽分别为30,25,38 nm,表明器件具有很好的单色性和高色纯度。     

Analysis of junction temperatures for groups III–V semiconductor materials of light-emitting diodes

This study utilizes the Shockly equation and Fourier’s law with the optical, electrical and thermal properties of LEDs to predict the variation of the junction temperature with the injection current. It is shown that the relationship of the junction temperature with the injection current can be determined by the effective thermal conductivity, temperature coefficient of junction voltage, series resistance, integral constant (forward voltage at the initial forward current and junction temperature), ambient temperature and external quantum efficiency. The effective thermal conductivity, temperature coefficient of junction voltage, and series resistance are calculated from the material properties based on the structures of LEDs instead of measurements in this study. The junction temperature of AlGaInP/GaInP MQW red LED predicted from this study agrees with the available experimental data and the junction temperatures of GaInN UV LED and AlGaN UV LED calculated by this work are also consistent with these obtained from the emission peak shift method. The elevated temperatures of AlGaN and GaInN are larger than that of AlGaInP/GaInP MQW red LED due to the difference of the thermal conductivity for the LED substrate. This study also presents the effects of the parameters on the variation of the junction temperature with the injection current. The effective thermal conductivity and ambient temperature significantly affect the junction temperature of LEDs.     

It's not easy being green: Strategies for all‐nitrides,all‐colour solid state lighting

The design strategy presently employed to obtain ‘white’ light from semiconductors combines the emission of an InGaN blue or UV light‐emitting diode (LED) with that of one or more yellow‐orange phosphors. While commercially successful, this approach achieves good colour rendering only by increasing the number and spectral range of the phosphors used; compared to the alternative of combining ‘true’ red, green and blue (RGB) sources, it is intrinsically inefficient. The two major roadblocks to the RGB approach are 1. the green gap in the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of LEDs; 2. the diode droop in the efficiency of LEDs at higher current densities. The physical origin of these effects, in the case of III‐nitrides, is generally thought to be a combination of Quantum Confined Stark Effect (QCSE) and Auger Effect (AE). These effects respectively reduce the electron–hole wave‐ function overlap of In‐rich InGaN quantum wells (QW), and provide a non‐radiative shunt for electron–hole recombination, particularly at higher excitation densities. SORBET, a novel band gap engineering strategy based upon quantum well intermixing (QWIM), offers solutions to both of the roadblocks mentioned above. In this introduction to SORBET, its great potential is tested and confirmed by the results of simulations of green InGaN diodes performed using the TiberCAD device modelling suite, which calculates the macroscopic properties of real‐world optoelectronic and electronic devices in a multiscale formalism. An alternative approach to the realisation of RGB GaN‐based LEDs through doping of an active layer by rare earth (RE) ions will also be briefly described. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

MOCVD生长InGaN/GaN MQW紫光LED

利用LP－MOCVD系统生长了InGaN/GaN MQW紫光LED外延片，双晶X射线衍射测试获得了2级卫星峰，室温光致发光谱的峰值波长为399.5nm，FWHM为15.5nm，波长均匀性良好。制成的LED管芯，正向电流20mA时，工作电压在4V以下。     

GaN基低色温高显色白光LED

采用440nm短波长InGaN/GaN基蓝光LED芯片激发高效红、绿荧光粉制得高显色性白光LFD,研究了不同胶粉配比对LED发光性能的影响,结果表明,A胶、B胶、绿粉、红粉比重在0.5∶0.5∶0.2∶0.03时,在440 m蓝光激发下呈现了有两个谱带组成的发光光谱,分别是峰值为535 nm的特征光谱和643nm的特征光谱,胶粉通过均匀调配后能够有效的进行混光产生低色温白光,实验中最低色温可达3 251K,显色指数高达88.8,这比传统蓝光激发YAG荧光粉制得的白光LED色温更低,显色指数提高了26%.     

结温对DCJTB混合YAG∶Ce3+白光LED光谱特性的影响

研究了结温变化对DCJTB混合YAG∶Ce3+荧光粉的白光LED光谱特性的影响。采用分层点粉的方法,在LED芯片上分层涂覆YAG荧光粉和有机材料DCJTB,可以使器件的显色指数高达90。利用实验室自行研发的一体化LED散热支架可方便准确测量出结温。实验表明：结温升高使蓝光芯片辐射幅值不断下降,YAG荧光粉被激发所辐射的黄光辐射幅值先增大后减小,红光光谱发生蓝移,器件的显色指数呈线性下降,色温先增大后减小。     

Recent progress in single chip white light-emitting diodes with the InGaN underlying layer

Tremendous progress has been achieved in white light-emitting diodes (LEDs). To further improve the quality of white light and simplify the fabrication process, a single chip white-light LED with the InGaN underlying layer (UL) was studied and fabricated. The turn-on voltage of this type of LED was 2.7 V, and the spectrum at a forward bias current of 20 mA was comprised of blue (443 nm) and yellow (563 nm) lights. The intensity ratio of blue to yellow light was almost constant with the in- creasing injectio...