基于棱镜二次聚光的高倍聚光模组聚光特性与三结电池光谱响应匹配与优化

目前Ⅲ-Ⅴ多结高倍聚光(HCPV)太阳电池实验室效率记录已高达46%,而相对应的模组效率与之相差仍较大,其中由于模组中聚光非理想性引起的损失就高达20%.本文通过建立光学模型和非均匀光照的三维电池电路网络模型,以Ⅲ-Ⅴ族三结电池为例,研究了菲涅耳透镜一次聚光、棱镜二次聚光的HCPV模组的聚光特性和光电特性.结果发现.由于光线非平行入射和-菲涅耳透镜的色散现象,使得沿光轴方向短、中、长波段聚光发散及聚光不均匀,从而造成了三结电池的上、中、下各子电池光谱响应失配损失,模组光电转换性能下降;进一步,通过采用棱镜二次聚光,能较好地改善聚光和温度均匀性;通过对光轴方向上短、中、长波段的聚光特性与三结电池光谱响应匹配优化,使得模组输出功率提高10%以上.模拟结果己得到实验验证.     

大功率条形激光二极管阵列光束整形方法研究

为改善条形大功率LD阵列的光束质量,提高其输出功率密度,使其更利于应用,提出了一种基于非成像光学的光束分割重排的光束整形方案,详细讨论了方案的工作原理和设计方法。对整个方案用Zemax进行了仿真优化并通过计算比较整形前后光束的光束参数乘积分析了光束质量的改善情况。首先采用抛物面反射镜对光束进行准直,并配合反射镜实现按发光区对光束的分割,进一步利用平行六面体棱镜对光束的平移效果完成光束重排,最后在输出端得到了光占空比为1的高亮度的矩形光斑。仿真计算结果表明,整形后光束的快慢轴尺寸相近,光束参数乘积比接近于1,质量均衡;整个光束的能量集中,平均功率明显提高。     

实现在不同场合中LED均匀照明的方法研究

 LED自身的发光特点限制了其在照明领域的应用,如何合理分配LED的能量,在目标面上形成理想的照度是一个值得研究的问题。就不同应用场合下如何进行光学设计进行分析,通过采用非成像光学设计中光学扩展度守恒方法得到透镜的方程,分别实现圆形均匀照明和矩形均匀照明,其中圆形照明面照度均匀性达到85%,矩形照明面照度均匀性达到75%,并建立了自由曲面透镜三维模型,结合Tracepro进行光线追迹。仿真结果表明：提出的方法满足相应的照明标准,验证了理论设计的合理性。     

高倍聚光光伏模组中三结太阳电池沿光轴方向光电性能与优化

目前,在高倍聚光光伏模组设计中,由于对菲涅耳透镜聚光后各波段的光强分布及其非均匀特性缺乏研究和认识,通常认为在菲涅耳透镜的聚光焦平面处多结太阳电池输出功率最大.本文通过光线跟踪模拟的方法,计算并分析菲涅耳透镜聚光下不同波段的光照能量分布和非均匀特性.同时,结合三结太阳电池电路网络模型,研究在高倍聚光光伏模组中,沿光轴方向不同位置处三结太阳电池的发电性能.结果表明:模组输出功率最高位置在焦平面沿光轴方向上下两侧的位置,优化后模组输出功率比常规设计提高20%以上.该模拟结果得到了实验结果的验证.     

In-line reference-delayed digital holography using a low-coherence light source

We present a holographic imaging device with a low-coherence light source that uses the reflection of the objective lens as reference illumination. This results in a simple setup and allows applications to microscopy with only small modifications of the setup for aberration measurements. In addition, it opens the prospects to in vivo ophthalmic imaging. We present in vitro experiments using a resolution test target to quantify the system performance. We demonstrate that we can achieve diffraction-limited resolution and show the possibility of aberration correction. We also present preliminary results using a scattering sample.     

大型LED矩形阵列光斑照度的均匀性研究

应用LED芯片的照度公式以及大型LED矩形阵列照度分布的对称性,建立了研究大型LED矩形阵列照度均匀度的物理模型,推导出计算大型LED矩形阵列照度均匀度的公式。利用该公式研究了大型LED矩形阵列照度均匀度随目标距离、长宽比以及m值的变化规律。得出：照度均匀度随目标距离的增加而非线性地减小;照度均匀度随长宽比的增加而非线性地增大;照度均匀度随m值的增加而近似成线性地增大。这些规律为提高大型LED矩形阵列的照度均匀性提供了理论依据,也为大型LED矩形阵列的照度均匀性设计提供了研究方向和计算方法。弥补了之前研究LED阵列照度均匀性方法上的不足。     

阵列式微型透镜封装多芯片COB LED的光学仿真设计及应用

为了提高COB LED的取光率,以1919 COB LED为研究对象,建立阵列式圆锥透镜、半椭球透镜、四棱锥透镜和半圆球透镜封装LED模型,并利用光学仿真软件进行研究。仿真实验结果表明:在优化条件下,高0.5 mm、直径0.9 mm的阵列圆锥透镜封装LED的光通量由平面封装的67 lm提高至84.3 lm,即取光率提高25.8%。制作了RGB芯片的多芯片LED样品,并用直径1 mm的阵列半圆球透镜进行封装,其取光率提高18.8%。     

Reorientation phase transitions in planar arrays of dipolarly interacting ferromagnetic particles

Reorientation phase transitions (RPT) taking place in regular arrays of rectangular submicron-size ferromagnetic particles due to the competition between the external magnetic field of arbitrary direction and internal dipolar fields are analysed in this article. Dipolar interaction between particles is taken into account via real-space calculations of magnetometric demagnetizing factors. Long stripe arrays are also under consideration. I find that the direction of the external magnetic field determines the kind of the phase transition, while the dipolar interaction between particles can significantly change the values of RPT critical field. Calculations were presented for a set of submicron particles/stripe arrays, which were under experimental investigations recently.     

30‐Lens interferometer for high‐energy X‐rays

A novel high‐energy multi‐lens interferometer consisting of 30 arrays of planar compound refractive lenses is reported. Under coherent illumination each lens array creates a diffraction‐limited secondary source. Overlapping such coherent beams produces an interference pattern demonstrating strong longitudinal functional dependence. The proposed multi‐lens interferometer was tested experimentally at the 100 m‐long ID11 ESRF beamline in the X‐ray energy range from 30 to 65 keV. The interference pattern generated by the interferometer was recorded at fundamental and fractional Talbot distances. An effective source size (FWHM) of the order of 15 µm was determined from the first Talbot image, proving the concept that the multi‐lens interferometer can be used as a high‐resolution tool for beam diagnostics.     

基于改进粒子群算法的LED光源阵列优化

为了提高发光二极管（light emitting diode,LED）光源阵列的光照均匀度,提出一种改进粒子群算法和新型等差LED阵列排布方式。根据光照分布模型建立了照射面的光照均匀度评价函数,使用改进的粒子群算法对新型等差LED阵列、矩形及圆形阵列进行优化。将优化后的LED阵列数据导入光学软件TracePro中进行仿真验证,得到优化后等差、矩形及圆形LED阵列的光照均匀度分别为82.89%、73.31%及78.56%,比优化前LED阵列的光照均匀度分别提高了15.84%、10.65%及15.57%。研究结果表明,改进后的粒子群算法收敛速度更快、精度更高,且提出的新型等差LED阵列有着更好的光照均匀度。     

基于复眼透镜的大面积均匀照明方案研究

为了实现大面积矩形均匀光斑,提出一种基于双排复眼透镜的设计方案。使用TracePro软件对该照明系统方案的效果进行建模仿真,分析了复眼透镜组的间距、后工作距离等参数对光斑面积和均匀性的影响。结果表明,复眼透镜间距越小、后工作距离越大,得到的光斑面积越大;而当间距控制在微透镜焦距附近时,光斑均匀性最佳。利用该设计方案,可在1 m的后工作距离得到尺寸350 mm200 mm的光斑,光斑中心280 mm160 mm范围内光照度均匀性＞0.85,该部分面积超过光斑整体面积的60%。该匀光方案有望在医用光疗、路灯照明等大面积均匀光照明领域得到广泛应用。     

A fast signal subspace approach for the determination of absolute levels from phased microphone array measurements

Phased microphone arrays are used in a variety of applications for the estimation of acoustic source location and spectra. The popular conventional delay-and-sum beamforming methods used with such arrays suffer from inaccurate estimations of absolute source levels and in some cases also from low resolution. Deconvolution approaches such as DAMAS have better performance, but require high computational effort. A fast beamforming method is proposed that can be used in conjunction with a phased microphone array in applications with focus on the correct quantitative estimation of acoustic source spectra. This method bases on an eigenvalue decomposition of the cross spectral matrix of microphone signals and uses the eigenvalues from the signal subspace to estimate absolute source levels. The theoretical basis of the method is discussed together with an assessment of the quality of the estimation. Experimental tests using a loudspeaker setup and an airfoil trailing edge noise setup in an aeroacoustic wind tunnel show that the proposed method is robust and leads to reliable quantitative results.     

880nm半导体激光主动照明光纤耦合模块

为降低半导体激光主动照明红曝,选择波长880 nm大功率半导体激光器作为新型激光主动照明成像系统光源。根据光纤耦合过程光参数积不变原理,研制出波长880 nm大功率半导体激光器阵列单光纤耦合模块,利用光纤匀光作用使激光光束匀化整圆后用于激光主动照明。首次在波长880 nm大功率半导体激光器上采用阶梯反射镜光束整形方法,使激光光参数积与光纤匹配,激光高效耦合进入纤芯400μm、数值孔径0.22的光纤。室温条件下光纤耦合模块连续输出功率44.9 W,电光转化效率35%,波长880 nm大功率半导体激光器阵列光纤耦合模块,不仅其红曝小而且对应CMOS图像传感器光谱响应度较高,系统成像质量好。     

Influence of optical aspheric parameters on obtaining uniform rectangular illumination

The research focuses on designing a suitable aspherical surface to create a rectangular and uniform illumination by studying the influence of optical aspheric parameters. The geometrical optics is used to analyze the transmission equation of the LED beam and the minimum divergence angle is calculated out by numerical simulation. Furtherly, the relationship between the divergence angle and some parameters of the lens is researched by using the normal equation for conic aspheric. Then the K₂ of the lens's second surface is modified and verified by optical tracing simulation software (TracePro) to a rectangular and uniform illumination on the receiver. The result indicates that ellipsoid can get a better uniform rectangular illumination than paraboloid and hyperboloid. The final divergence angle is 5.997 mrad, close to the theoretical calculation value 1.92 mrad, and the illumination uniformity of the predetermined illumination area on the receiver is better than 93.02%. It is expected that this method will have great potential for other lighting applications.     

Hermite hyperbolic/sinusoidal Gaussian beams in ABCD systems

For a Hermite hyperbolic/sinusoidal Gaussian beam with focusing properties, passing through an arbitrarily shaped rectangular aperture on the source plane and an on-axis x–y asymmetric ABCD system, the receiver plane expression is derived using the Collins integral. The specific example of a single thin lens placed on the propagation path is examined at selected source, propagation and optical element parameters. Viewing the progress of the beam in propagation, we find that subjecting the source beam to an aperture will give rise to excessive spreading during propagation. The lens setup will act to concentrate the energy of the beam around its focal point as expected, while in some circumstances it will also execute beam profile changes. By adjusting the aperture opening in the shape of a narrow slit, the beam will become aligned in the opposite direction after propagating after having traveled sufficiently. The results are presented as intensity graphs in the form of contour plots and 3D illustrations.     

976 nm宽条形高功率半导体激光器的光束质量M2评价

为了提高976 nm宽条形高功率半导体激光器的光束质量,基于严格的二阶矩理论搭建了一套适用于高功率半导体激光器的光束质量检测装置。利用该装置测量了实验室研制的976 nm宽条形高功率半导体激光器在1～10 A工作电流下的束腰位置、束腰尺寸和远场发散角。实验结果表明,随着电流从1 A增加到10A,快轴方向束宽及远场发散角由于反导引效应有微小增加,但由于垂直方向较强的折射率导引机制使得光束参数变化很小,光束质量因子M~2仅从1. 32增加到1. 48,光束质量基本不变。慢轴方向由于反导引效应及热透镜效应而导致高阶模式激射,使得束宽及远场发散角随工作电流增加逐渐增大,光束质量因子M~2从5. 44增加到11. 76,光束质量逐渐变差。傍轴光束定义及非傍轴光束定义下的光束质量因子测试结果表明,在快轴方向,两者差别较大,不能使用傍轴光束定义近似计算;在慢轴方向,两者近似相等,可以使用傍轴光束定义近似计算。     

Optical efficiency of solar concentrators by a reverse optical path method

A method for the optical characterization of a solar concentrator, based on the reverse illumination by a Lambertian source and measurement of intensity of light projected on a far screen, has been developed. It is shown that the projected light intensity is simply correlated to the angle-resolved efficiency of a concentrator, conventionally obtained by a direct illumination procedure. The method has been applied by simulating simple reflective nonimaging and Fresnel lens concentrators.     

高功率准分子激光系统光学设计

 回顾并介绍了高功率准分子激光系统设计中需要综合考虑的两项主要技术——像传递技术和角多路技术。讨论了照明方式和激光振荡源的光束整形在激光系统成像光路设计中的重要作用,对多路放大技术及角多路放大技术形式进行了系统分析。多路激光非相干合束是角多路技术和成像技术对高功率准分子激光系统光学设计提出的特殊要求,在简要分析了透射阵列和反射式望远物镜两种实现多路激光合束的打靶光学系统基础上,提出了一种利用反射式打靶光学系统和一套光学延迟线阵列来同时实现角多路编码和解码的新型光路布局,给出了初步设计方案。     

基于LED照明与弱光收集的节能车灯双向二次配光设计

为进一步利用太阳能,提出了“双向”利用光线的LED车灯设计新理念。运用光路可逆原理与边缘光线原理,构造矩形复合抛物面,对LED车灯进行“双向”二次配光设计。计算了远光灯矩形复合抛物面反光杯所需的最大出光半角、理论长度,借助tracepro软件,模拟研究了该矩形复合抛物面结构的最高光通量、平均光通量、光通量利用率随长度的变化关系,进一步截取较理论长度综合光学性能更好的反光器应用长度L=130 mm,并在此长度下,模拟了该LED远光灯照度分布情况与弱光收集情况。该类型车灯的LED照明与弱光收集互为补充,双向提高了LED车灯空间重复利用率。在照明方面,该灯能够满足现行标准GB25991-2010的要求,相同照度下,照明范围更大;相同照明范围内,照度更高;在弱光收集方面,是对当前太阳能汽车非聚光模式收集太阳能的补充。     

Multi-wavelength,high spatial brightness operation of a phase-locked stripe-array diode laser

Stable continuous wave multi-wavelength operation of a stripe-array diode laser with an externalcavity spectral beam combining geometry is presented. In this setup each emitter of the stripe-array is forced to operate at a different wavelength, which leads to a decoupling between the usually phase-locked emitters. With a reflective diffraction grating with a period of 300 lines per mm, 33 equidistant laser lines around a center wavelength of 978 nm were realized, spanning a spectral range of 26 nm. With this novel approach near-diffraction limited emission with a beam quality of M ² < 1.2 and an output power of 450 mW was achieved. This laser light source can be used for applications requiring low temporal but high spatial coherence.