Z箍缩等离子体K壳层X射线自辐射单色成像

采用针孔配接对数螺线柱面晶体方案,研制了一种小型、靶室内置X射线单色成像器,用于获取Z箍缩等离子体K壳层自辐射单色图像。在阳加速器上对该成像器进行了测试,成功地获取了铝丝阵负载Z箍缩等离子体K壳层自辐射的类氢线与类氦线单色图像。实验结果表明:该成像器具有优异的单色性（能谱带宽小于1 eV）,适合于中低原子序数Z箍缩内爆负载的特征谱线单色图像诊断。     

双通道共轴聚焦型X射线晶体光谱仪

研制了一种用于Z箍缩等离子体X射线光谱诊断的双通道共轴聚焦型晶体光谱仪。谱仪采用均匀色散(即线色散率为常数)和球面云母晶体作为两个通道的X射线色散元件,位于中轴线上的双胶片盒作为探测器,在大致相同的光谱范围内同时获取Z箍缩等离子体的时间积分光谱。在中国工程物理研究院"阳"加速器上开展了Z箍缩内爆摄谱实验,两通道分别获得了Z箍缩铝丝阵等离子体的类氢和类氦光谱谱线。实验结果表明:均匀色散通道光谱分布遵循均匀色散条件,实验得到的线色散率和设计值吻合很好,最大相对误差仅为3.48%,和球面晶体通道相比,它能更容易、更准确识别和处理光谱,在识别和分析陌生复杂光谱成分时具有优势。     

120TW/30fs激光产生的Al等离子体X射线发射谱分析

在SILEX激光装置上利用超强超短激光(120TW/30fs)与Al靶相互作用产生热稠密等离子体.采用类氢共振线与类氦共振线线强比诊断得到电子温度在480～670eV之间,采用类锂jkl伴线与类氦共振线强度比得到电子温度在430～610eV之间,两种诊断方法得到的结果基本一致.用类氦互组合线与类氦共振线强度比方法获得电...     

Z箍缩等离子体均匀色散晶体光谱成像

为了诊断Z箍缩等离子体X射线相关信息,利用自聚焦和均匀色散原理,研制了一种新型的均匀色散弯晶谱仪。晶体分析器采用-石英（1010）,布拉格角为43.4~72.7,利用有效面积为10 mm50 mm的X射线胶片接收光谱信号,实验在中国工程物理研究院阳加速器装置上进行,摄谱元件获得了Z箍缩铝丝阵等离子体的类H及类He谱线。实验结果表明:谱线分布遵循均匀色散条件,所研制均匀色散弯晶谱仪线色散率为-116.198 mm/nm,与理论值-120 mm/nm的相对误差为3.168%,能够用于Z箍缩等离子体X射线的光谱学研究。     

用于测量Z箍缩铝等离子体K层辐射的邻苯二甲酸氢铊弯晶摄谱仪

 基于邻苯二甲酸氢铊(TAP)弯晶和软X射线分幅相机建立了一套4通道的时空分辨弯晶摄谱仪,测谱范围1 500～2 300 eV,时间分辨约2 ns。分析了谱仪各环节的信号传递和转换过程对系统谱响应的影响。利用该谱仪在“强光一号”加速器(约1.5 MA, 80～100 ns)Al丝阵Z箍缩实验中获得了时间分辨及时间积分的Al等离子体K层辐射谱,记录到了类H、类He离子主要共振线及类Li、类He离子双电子复合伴线。将摄谱结果与分能区X射线图像进行了比较。时间分辨的发射谱相对强度与积分结果有明显不同,反映了等离子体在5～10 ns时间尺度上的电子温度和离子布居变化。     

Z箍缩等离子体X射线凸晶谱仪

 针对波长为0.3~0.5 nm的喷气箍缩等离子体X射线诊断,研制了一种适用的高空间分辨的晶体谱仪。色散元件采用云母（002）凸面晶体,布拉格角为37°,信号采用X射线胶片进行接收,有效接收面积为30 mm×80 mm。物理实验在“阳”加速器装置上进行,胶片获得了氩喷气K,L壳层光谱信号,其光谱范围较宽,为0.31~0.40 nm。经解谱发现,类氦谱线有明显的基底,用最小二乘法拟合包络曲线去噪处理后,得到类氦谱线光谱分辨力为200~300。实验结果表明,该谱仪获得的X射线测量值与理论值相符,适合喷气箍缩等离子体X射线光谱的诊断。     

软X射线连续谱Z箍缩铝等离子体电子温度诊断

针对强光一号加速器（约1.5 MA,80～100 ns）Z箍缩铝丝阵实验设计和研制了一套弯晶谱仪,采用邻苯二甲酸氢铊（TlAP）晶体对辐射能谱进行色散,用X射线胶片记录连续辐射谱型,谱仪测谱范围为1.8～3.0 keV。以第10084发次平面型铝丝阵负载实验为例,获得了具有轴向分辨的时间积分辐射谱型,对其中某一热斑处的数据进行处理得到了该区域等离子体时间积分电子温度约为520(135%)eV。     

“聚龙一号”装置不同光子能段X射线积分成像系统研制

成功研制了用于"聚龙一号"装置上Z箍缩实验中等离子体图像诊断的三通道不同光子能段的X射线积分成像系统。该系统主要由针孔阵列调节组件、X射线真空飞行管道、X射线分光器件及成像板组成,各通道的光谱响应分别为277eV,小于700eV和大于800eV,其对应的成像针孔直径为100,100和50μm,成像放大倍率2倍,成像空间分辨率均优于0.2mm。在"聚龙一号"装置上完成了该成像系统的性能考核,获取了不同光子能段的等离子体时间积分图像。结果表明,该成像系统满足"聚龙一号"装置上Z箍缩实验的诊断需求,在提升了单台相机光谱响应范围的同时提高了低能段图像的空间分辨率。     

利用凸晶摄谱仪获取Z箍缩等离子体X辐射单色图像

考虑晶体摇摆曲线的影响,用光线追迹方法讨论了凸晶摄谱仪的能谱分辨率、单色图像径向空间分辨本领以及晶体与X射线源之间的距离对它们的影响.根据讨论建立了云母凸晶摄谱仪,在“强光一号”装置上对系统进行了成功地测试,获得铝丝阵负载Z箍缩等离子体X辐射单色图像.时间积分图像表明,Z箍缩Al等离子体K壳层Lyα和Heβ线辐射来自等离子体核心直径约2.3 mm的区域. 关键词： 单色图像 摄谱仪 光线追迹     

利用凸晶摄谱仪获取Z箍缩等离子体X辐射单色图像

考虑晶体摇摆曲线的影响,用光线追迹方法讨论了凸晶摄谱仪的能谱分辨率、单色图像径向空间分辨本领以及晶体与X射线源之间的距离对它们的影响.根据讨论建立了云母凸晶摄谱仪,在"强光一号"装置上对系统进行了成功地测试,获得铝丝阵负载Z箍缩等离子体X辐射单色图像.时间积分图像表明,Z箍缩Al等离子体K壳层Lya和Heβ线辐射来自等离子体核心直径约2.3 mm的区域.     

Characterization of compact bright soft X-ray source based on picosecond laser plasma

Radiation emission of silicon and aluminum plasmas produced by 40-ps laser pulses with peak intensity above 10¹⁴ W/cm² was studied. High-resolution soft X-rayspectra of H-like and He-like ions were analyzed to determine plasma parameters. We compared the line shape of resonance transitions and their intensity ratios to corresponding dielectronic satellites and the intensities of the intercombination lines of He-like ions with the results of model calculations. Such comparisons gave average values of the electron number density N_e=(1-1.9)×10²¹ cm^-3 and the electron temperature T_e=460–560 eV for Si plasmas and about 560 eV for Al plasmas produced by the first and the second laser harmonics. The plasma size is about 100 μm. According to our estimations, more than 10¹² photons were produced within the resonance line spectral width and in the solid angle 2π during the total decay period. PACS 41.50.+h; 52.25.Os; 52.50.Jm     

Generation and characterization of a bright X-ray source using picosecond laser

High-resolution soft X-ray spectra of H-like and He-like ions were produced from laser irradiated silicon and aluminum targets. Plasma size was about 100 μm. X-ray spectra were analyzed to determine plasma parameters. We compared the line shape of resonance transitions and their intensity ratios to corresponding dielectronic satellites and the intensities of the inter combination lines of He-like ions, with the results of model calculations. Such comparison gave average values of the electron density N _e=(1?1.9)×10²¹ cm^?3 and the electron temperature T _e=460–560 eV for Si plasmas and about 560 eV for Al plasmas produced by the first and the second laser harmonics. According to our estimations, more than 10¹² photons were produced within the resonance line spectral width and in the solid angle 2π steredian during the total decay period.     

AlK壳层等离子体辐射谱模型的比对

碰撞辐射模型的比对研究对校验发展等离子体辐射谱模型、提高等离子体参数的诊断精度具有重要意义. 基于Al等离子体, 对常用的辐射模型代码FAC和FLYCHK K壳层辐射谱模型开展了比对研究, 详细比较了它们的离子丰度、特征线强度、谱发射率曲线和吸收系数曲线等特征, 并根据各能态的速率方程, 从FAC和FLYCHK模型的结构特点出发, 分析了造成这些差异的原因. FAC 和FLYCHK计算得到的类H、类He离子n=2, n=3激发态数密度有显著差异, 进而引起特征线发射率及其比值(He-IC/He-αup, He-βup/H-βup)的差异, 从而对等离子体参数的诊断结果产生影响. 除了模型中采用的能级结构和碰撞辐射过程速率外, 计算结果显著地受到FAC 和FLYCHK 模型结构的影响. n=2激发态数密度的差异是由FAC和FLYCHK分别采用能级和超组态(组态)的方式构建n=2激发态的速率方程而引起的, 而FAC代码忽略了n=3与更高激发态之间的碰撞耦合过程, 是引起n=3激发态数密度差异的原因. 主要特征线的吸收系数与基态能级的数密度相关, 受到激发态数密度的影响较小, 因此与谱发射率曲线相比, FAC和FLYCHK计算结果的差异更小.     

Blue satellite structure near Heα and Heβ and redistribution of level populations

For a wide class of ions a mechanism for the emission of blue satellites close to the He-like resonance line in dense plasmas is proposed. It is based on the collisional transfer of population between autoionising levels. Detailed collisional radiative calculations involving all J-split autoionising levels are carried out for Al and may serve as a benchmark. A general consideration of redistribution effects inside the autoionising levels discovered diagnostically attractive density effects for laser-produced plasmas for both the He_α and He_β satellite structure.     

Orbital Electron Capture Rate and Time Modulation of H- and He-like Ions in a Storage-Ring

We have studied in a heavy ion storage ring the orbital electron capture decays of H- and He-like ¹⁴⁰Pr and ¹⁴²Pm ions and found that the H-like ions with one electron in the K-shell decay 1.49(8) and 1.44(6) times faster, than the corresponding He-like ions with two electrons in the K-shell. This result is explained by spin statistics due to the hyperfine structure of the H-like ions.     

Testing QED screening and two-loop contributions with He-Like ions

We report wavelength measurements of H-like and He-like ions obtained with a novel x-ray spectrometer at the Heidelberg Electron Beam Ion Trap. The experimental uncertainty for the Lyman-alpha1 wavelength in Cl16+ is reduced by a factor of 3 and, as expected, excellent agreement with theory is maintained. For the resonance line in He-like Ar16+, an uncertainty of only deltalambda/lambda=2x10(-6) was achieved. This is the most precise x-ray wavelength reported for highly charged ions to date, and allows to test recent predictions on QED two-electron and two-photon radiative corrections for He-like ions. The results also point to the advantages of establishing absolute x-ray wavelength standards using Lyman-alpha transitions (in the present case Ar17+ Lyman-alpha1) to supersede the current ones.     

“水窗”波段类氦Al离子2p-3dX射线激光的粒子数反转研究

报道类氦Al用离子2p—3d粒子数反转的理论与实验研究结果,实验中观测到ls2p—ls3p能级间的粒子数反转,详细研究了其反转系数与激光等离子体参数及靶结构的相互关系,并与理论计算结果进行了比较,得到了令人满意的结果。