结霜对微型冷库性能影响的实验研究

运用一种新的实验方法排除了环境温度变化对微型冷库性能的影响,从而定量研究了单一结霜现象对之造成的影响。研究表明,随着冷库的连续运行,蒸发器排管上形成的霜层厚度不断增加,直至霜层达到充分生长阶段。在冷库运行的后期,由于蒸发器霜层的影响导致冷库的COP平均降低了0.024,相对于无霜条件下降低了3.2%。     

空气源热泵蒸发器结霜过程数值模拟

建立了一个空气源热泵蒸发器结霜过程的动态分布参数模型,该模型考虑了翅片温度的不均匀分布、水蒸气在霜层中的扩散以及霜层参数动态变化等影响因素。理论计算结果与实验数据吻合较好。与常规模型相比,该模型对翅片表面霜层厚度的预测精度有很大程度提高,此研究为进一步完善多排翅片管式换热器结霜模型奠定了良好基础。     

闪光X光照相数字图象处理技术

为了将闪光X光高速照相透视诊断技术过渡到精确定量,需要建立图象处理技术。精确定量要求包括测量穿透厚度(或穿透质量)和恢复二维(或三维)尺度。报告论述了闪光X光照相成象物理过程和数学表达式,讨论了图象质量退化诸因素,提出了穿透质量精确定量和模糊图象复原的数字图象处理方法,讨论了图象复原参数实验方法,给出了测量碎片质量和复原模糊图象初步的试验结果。     

数字图象处理技术讲座第一讲 图象增强

数字图象处理技术是近代发展起来的新兴科学技术之一.它是利用计算机对图象信息进行检测、增强、恢复、分析、分类、识别以及编码压缩,以便对图象信息进行有效传输和存贮.数字图象处理技术在物理学、化学、天文学、生物医学、物质结构分析、气象预报、地质地理、测绘学、遥感等许多学科领域具有广泛的应用,对国民经济、军事及现代科学技术有重大影响.由于数字图象处理在实际应用中具有强大的生命力,因此数字图象处理巳发展成为具有比较完整的理论体系和一整套专门技术的一门综合性学科.数字图象处理能获得飞速发展的原因是:第一、图象信息本…     

一种数字图象测量实验的设计

提出一种采用数字图象处理的方法测量狭缝宽度的实验方案,对测量原理、数字图象的采集和处理方法进行了介绍。     

急冻间蓄热-气动式除霜系统设计

针对急冻设备工作过程中蒸发器表面结霜问题，设计了一种基于冷凝器余热回收的蓄热-气动式除霜系统。采用CFD仿真与实验相结合的方法设计蓄热器，搭建除霜传动机构实现喷气管上下运动。研究结果表明，正六边型蓄热体蓄热效果好、压降低。蓄热器加热到44℃时与冷空气进行热交换，蓄热器出口处空气温度在5.5 min内能够保持在25℃以上。蒸发器表面开始融霜时，传动机构停留5 s后以100 mm/min的速度运行130 s,蒸发器表面融霜区域达660×100 mm。研究结果为急冻间内蒸发器除霜提供可靠的理论依据。     

相移数字散斑干涉计量及其在热变形测量中的应用

本文首次将相移数字散斑干涉技术应用于热变形的测量中,采用数字图象处理技术,获得了高精度的相位图及位移图。分析了影响精度的因素,详细讨论了两种相位算法的优劣。     

狭缝式高速摄影机胶片的计算机判读

根据狭缝摄影机胶片的成象原理,运用数字图象处理技术,对狭缝式高速摄影机胶片判读工作的计算机化进行研究.应用结果表明,该技术先进实用,极大地提高了判读的精度和效率,将是这种胶片判读技术的发展方向.     

激光点火煤粒周围的温度场

本文采用激光全息摄影技术记录激光加热下的单颗粒煤在某一时刻燃烧的全息图，通过再现系统和数字图象处理过程而获得二维的温度场分布，为研究煤的着火与燃烧的特性提供了一种新方法．同时采用了数学模型对几种煤从着火到燃尽时其周围的温度场进行计算，与实验进行了比较，得到了较为一致的结果．     

工业核仪表的现状与发展

本文介绍了工业核仪表的现状与发展,重点介绍了强度测量型工业核仪表、能量分析型仪表、数字图象处理型仪表和其它同位素仪表的国内外有关情况。     

大曲率球面零件光学膜厚分布数值计算

为了对沉积在大曲率球面零件表面的光学膜厚分布进行理论分析计算,首先确定了工艺配置,然后通过数学建模确定出计算函数式,最后通过数值积分分别对蒸发源为点源（n=0）和蒸发源为面源(n=1,2)进行了计算。计算结果与实验结果比较后表明:在本文确定的工艺条件下,n=2时计算结果与实验结果比较吻合。证明采用本文设计的建模方法结合恰当的蒸发源发射特性,通过数值计算,完全可以对大曲率球面零件的膜厚分布进行计算。     

车削零件表面粗糙度图像法检测优选方法

为实现对车削零件表面粗糙度检测,提出一种基于机器视觉表面粗糙度检测图像处理的新方法。该方法先按相应算法对所采集图像剔出受光衍射影响严重区域,然后再按其灰度分布情况进行区域优化,获得的图像灰度特征参数能反映表面粗糙度量值的有效特征区域。用该方法对表面粗糙度Ra标称值为0.8 μm~12.5 μm的五种车削样件测试,处理后图像灰度的均值、方差、能量和熵等特征参数与Ra标称值单调关系显著,各特征曲线的非线性误差均在1.5%以内。对比实验显示,这种特征提取和区域优化方法可应用于表面粗糙度的区分与检测。     

The relevance of pressure-sensitive paint to aerodynamic research

Aerodynamic tests are designed to give information about the performance of a model when subjected to an airflow. The introduction of pressure sensitive paint provides a new method for obtaining the pressure distribution on the surface of wind-tunnel models. A paint, the luminescence of which is dependent on air pressure, is applied to the surface of the model and the pressure distribution is obtained from the image produced. This paper gives an explanation of this technique, a résumé of possible applications and some results from research performed at DRA Bedford.     

Interferometric grating method and its application in Fe-base shape memory alloy structure design

This paper presents an interferometric grating method used in measuring strain fields on a curved surface. This method can be used to determine the small and large strains with high sensitivity and has been applied successfully in Fe-base shape memory alloy (FSMA) structure design. In this study, five diffracted beam from the specimen surface produce the interferometric gratings through an optical system. Using image processing technique (fast Fourier transform with special interpolation and phase shifting technique), we have obtained the strain fields of outer surface of FSMA joint and contact pressure distribution on its inside surface which has mechanical deformation and transformation.     

基于CCD传感的激光粒度测试技术研究

颗粒测试在工业生产和科学研究中涉及的领域非常广泛,常用的颗粒粒度及其分布的测试方法是激光粒度测试法,其具有测试精度高、测量速度快、重复性好和可测粒径范围宽等突出优点。CCD传感器有灵敏度高、分辨率高、噪声小和较大的动态范围等优点,其作为激光粒度仪的探测器提高光强分辨率的应用已经很普遍了。为提高测量精度,通过对CCD传感技术的研究,应用图像处理的方法来设计光电探测器,搭建了基于米氏散射原理的激光粒度测试系统。实验结果表明,用CCD传感器采集光散射图像,再对图像进行处理,D50与D10误差在6%之内,D90误差在1%之内,降低了测量的重复误差。     

Fourier fringe processing using a regressive Fourier-transform technique

Since the introduction of a fourier fringe algorithm by Takeda, it has been possible to determine the phase of a particular light source impinging on an object from one sole image. This has led to applications in many whole field optical measurement techniques such as ESPI, holography, profilometry and so on. However, the basic processing technique, in case of the 2D-Fourier transform, is subject to a major drawback. Because this technique supposes periodicity in a fringe image, the so-called leakage effects occur. This gives rise to non-negligible errors, which can be resolved by using a regressive Fourier transformation technique. In the method introduced in this article, the fringe signal is represented by a model using sines and cosines where the frequency is not fixed (which is the case for classical FFT-techniques). The coefficients of those sines and cosines together with the frequency components are then estimated locally by means of a frequency domain system identification technique. This allows the fringe pattern to be unwrapped without any distortion. This method will be applied in particular to Fourier-transform profilometry (determines object geometry using shifts of projected fringes) although it can be used in any of the techniques mentioned above. Moreover, it will be shown that the proposed method can deal with other distortions that occur in practice such as over-modulation and varying fringe visibility. The proposed technique will be validated on both simulations and on a profile measurement of a pipe section.     

切伦科夫辐射“双成像法”测量电子束发射度

利用切伦科夫辐射,OTR或荧光靶等光学诊断方法进行发射度测量,国内外绝大部分实验是用CCD相机观测电子束打靶产生的光斑,变化四极透镜的磁场梯度,应用“三梯度法”计算出发射度.文中提出了一种新的“双成像法”测量方法,使切伦科夫辐射光通过一长焦距的消色差薄透镜,分别在焦平面和像平面获取图像.通过图像处理,前者可分析出电子束散角分布,后者可分析出电子束径向分布,从而直接得到均方根发射度.该方法对束流相空间和电荷密度分布无需假设,无需借助“三梯度法”,较其他常规测量方法具有实验装置更简便、测量精度更高和适用性更广等优点.文中给出了该测量方法对北京大学DC?SC光阴极注入器的发射度测量进行计算机模拟实验的结果和分析.     

干涉测量波面重构DCT算法研究

采用一种空间移相干涉仪测量凹形非球面反射镜光学表面,使用偏振元件和多幅图像同步采集实现移相,并对测量得到的干涉条纹采用基于离散余弦变换的相位解包裹算法,对不连续相位分布采用非加权的最小二乘法进行优化目标函数,最终重构出被测光学表面的面形.这种结构形式的干涉仪具有一定的抗振能力,同时在数字图像处理上优化了算法,能够快速稳定地得到被测面形,而且对硬件要求不高.结果表明:这种算法能够适用于非实验室条件下的光学测量,在一定干扰条件下可以达到较高的测量精度.     

A New Measurement of Electron Beam Emittance with Cerenkov Radiation “Double Imaging” Method

A new way in electron beam emittance measurement with Cerenkov radiation "double imaging" method is proposed in this paper. In the standard emittance measurements with optical diagnostics such as Cerenkov radiation, OTR (Optical Transition Radiation), fluorescence screen or BMP (beam profile monitor) etc., the emittance is indirectly calculated through quadrupole-scanning technique, with the prior ssumption that the beam phase space density distribution is ellipse, which will certainly induce systematic error when the beam profile is quite irregular or the space-charge effects can not be omitted. In proposed method, the Cerenkov radiation pass through a 1-meter focal-length thin convex lens, and a CCD camera is used to capture two images of Cerenkov radiation at the focal plane and at the image plane of the lens respectively. Then, with image processing technique, we acquire the angular divergence information of the electron beam from the image of the focal plane and the radial distribution information from the image of the image plane, which we call Cerenkov radiation "double imaging" method. Therefore, the emittance can be directly attained according to the definition of the RMS emittance. By this method, we can measure the actual phase space distributions without making any prior assumptions about the density distributions. Compared with other general measurements, this "double imaging" method has advantages of simpler equipment, higher precision and wider application. This paper also presents the computer simulation results of emittance measurement on the DC-SC (DC-Superconducting) photocathode injector of PKU-SCAF (Peking University Superconducting Accelerator Facility) being built at Peking University.     

图象处理技术用于发光火焰温度分布测量的研究

一、前言 火焰温度的测量是一个难题,发光火焰温度分布的测量则更加困难。现有的各种测温方法都难以直接用来测量发光火焰的温度分布,故本文提出采用图象处理法测定发光火焰,特别是煤粉火焰的温度分布。火焰图象是工业燃烧宏观、整体过程的充分反映,也是控制燃烧的直接观察对象。通过对发光火焰图象信息的分析、处理和计算可获取其温度和温度分布,进而可求得反映燃烧状态的其他特征。