基于多速率交互式多模型的快速光电跟踪算法

针对交互式多模型粒子滤波算法运算量大的问题,提出了一种基于多速率跟踪思想的交互式多模型算法.该算法根据各模型假定的机动性,采用不同的数据更新速率,实现了模式空间和测量空间的混合滤波.同时,多模型综合选配了不同的滤波算法,其中,弱机动模型匹配卡尔曼滤波器,强机动模型匹配粒子滤波器.仿真结果表明,与传统的交互式多模型粒子滤波算法相比,本文算法在保证滤波精度的基础上,具有较低的计算复杂度,降低了约38.9%,能够有效地改善光电目标跟踪系统的可靠性和实时性.     

基于Stiefel流形的粒子滤波器研究

为了解决粒子滤波的粒子退化和粒子多样性丧失问题,提出了一种基于Stiefel流形的粒子滤波算法.该算法将系统模型置于Stiefel流形上,用朗之万分布描述过程转移概率分布,用矩阵正态分布表示似然函数分布,在流形分布上进行粒子采样.在计算加权粒子的均值时,将流形嵌入到欧氏空间中,先计算欧氏空间中的粒子均值,再将计算结果投影到嵌套流形上,这就排除了噪声统计特性对粒子权重方差的影响,得到了一种受系统状态模型限制较少的重要性概率密度函数通用选择方案.仿真时选取单变量非静态增长模型,仿真结果验证了该算法的实时性、鲁棒性,滤波精度和滤波效率均比无味粒子滤波算法更好.     

角闪烁噪声测量条件下的剩余飞行时间估计

针对雷达导引头角闪烁噪声测量条件下的机动目标,研究剩余飞行时间计算方法。建立了闪烁噪声计算模型;在粒子滤波算法和扩展卡尔曼滤波算法的基础上,推导了扩展卡尔曼粒子滤波算法的实现过程;根据估计结果建立了剩余飞行时间计算模型,在剩余飞行时间表达式中考虑了目标机动加速度的影响。仿真结果表明,基于机动目标当前统计模型的扩展卡尔曼粒子滤波算法对闪烁噪声测量条件下的机动目标具有良好的跟踪性能,对剩余飞行时间具有较高的估计精度。     

基于概率假设密度滤波平滑器的检测前跟踪算法

基于概率假设密度滤波(PHD)的检测前跟踪(TBD)技术可以有效解决未知弱小多目标检测问题。PHD-TBD算法粒子权重计算受量测噪声影响明显,导致目标数估计存在起伏现象,制约了PHD-TBD算法性能。对PHD-TBD技术进行研究,引进概率假设密度滤波平滑器,提出基于平滑的PHD-TBD算法。该算法对当前帧目标数估计时,综合利用前向递推和后向平滑结果对粒子权重进行更新,在一定程度上克服了随机量测噪声的影响。通过仿真验证,该算法能够有效发现目标,准确估计目标数目和位置,性能有较大提高。     

基于优化辅助粒子算法的红外目标跟踪研究

针对粒子算法存在的问题,提出了辅助粒子算法.该算法在重采样算法基础上,引进辅助变量,对粒子的权2次计算,可使粒子权值比重采样的粒子权值变化更稳定,最后给出了红外目标模型和均方根误差函数.仿真结果表明该算法对运动目标跟踪的均值和方差上均优于标准粒子滤波、重采样粒子滤波,且提高了计算效率.     

水下对空中声源的运动参数估计

为了解决传统的交互式多模型目标跟踪算法中马尔可夫概率转移矩阵固定不变,造成的模型切换缓慢、跟踪精度不高的问题,提出了一种基于后验信息修正的时变转移概率自适应交互式多模型跟踪算法。算法定义了一种新的修正因子,利用后验信息对概率转移矩阵进行实时修正,提高匹配模型的概率,减小非匹配模型的影响,使得系统模型能够及时、准确地切换到匹配模型。蒙特卡洛仿真实验表明,该自适应交互式多模型算法能够应用于水下目标跟踪中,相比传统交互式多模型算法,模型匹配度更高,滤波效果也更好。     

基于粒子群优化的核匹配追踪目标识别

提出了一种基于粒子群优化的用于目标识别的核匹配追踪算法.该算法用粒子群优化算法在基函数字典中选择最优的基函数,大大降低了基匹配追踪算法的计算复杂度.通过与标准核匹配追踪算法及基于遗传算法的核匹配追踪算法对UCI数据集及纹理图像的识别试验表明,核匹配追踪算法优良的分类性能以及粒子群优化算法高效的全局搜索能力使新算法能有效识别目标数据.     

基于粒子滤波的单通道正弦调频混合信号分离与参数估计

以单通道正弦调频(SFM)混合信号为研究对象,提出了基于粒子滤波的正弦调频混合信号分离与参数提取方法.针对正弦调频混合信号频率无跳变的特征,提出了一种基于粒子滤波的相位差解混叠算法,并通过源信号相位差解决了本算法中粒子滤波高维状态空间降维问题,提出了一种适合高维状态空间的似然函数模型,比较固定长度粒子估计值和真实值误差,进而准确衡量粒子权重.通过在重采样后引入MCMC转移,解决了静止参数下粒子多样性降低问题,有效提高粒子滤波迭代收敛速度.从而在先验知识仅已知信号调制方式的情况下,完成对单通道正弦调频混合信号的参数提取,并通过重构信号完成正弦调频混合信号分离.最后通过仿真分析发现,该方法能够有效的实现正弦调频混合信号的分离与参数估计.     

基于辅助粒子滤波算法的红外目标跟踪

针对红外目标在跟踪中计算复杂的问题,构建辅助粒子滤波算法。利用贝叶斯重要性采样算法,在权值大的粒子基础上引入辅助粒子变量,然后重新定义重要采样分布函数,防止重采样后粒子概率密度变化。两次加权计算,使粒子权值比仅用重采样的粒子权值变化更稳定,采样点最接近真实状态;同时不同权值粒子的概率阈值可作为粒子滤波是否完成的判断准则。在二维平面构造红外运动目标模型中,系统为零均值高斯白噪声。仿真数据表明:该算法在x,y方向的均方误差、画面处理时间、RM SE性能上优于粒子滤波算法和重采样粒子滤波算法。     

基于粒子滤波的高阶运动目标激光探测微动参数估计

为精确估计高阶运动状态下的目标微动参数,实现目标精细识别,提出一种基于相位信息的分离估计方法。通过对解卷绕得到的真实相位进行求导,消除信号中的多项式相位信号项,实现目标运动和微动分量的分离。针对包含多维微动参数的正弦调频项,提出改进的粒子滤波静态参数估计方法,通过设计自适应方差法和变化粒子数提升了算法效率,通过设计累积残差作为观测概率密度函数,实现了对非线性模型中多维参数的同时估计。仿真和实验分析验证了算法的有效性和必要性。算法通过对相位进行处理降低了原始信号的非线性程度,减少了计算量,具有较强的抗噪性能。基于粒子滤波的微动参数估计方法减少了估计流程,避免了误差传递效应,提高了估计精度。     

Speckle characteristics of a broad-area VCSEL in the incoherent emission regime

We present a technique to reduce the speckle contrast of a NIR broad-area VCSEL based on the spatially incoherent emission regime that can be obtained when using the proper driving conditions. We evaluate the efficiency of this technique to reduce the speckle contrast by comparing it with the speckle characteristics in multimode emission under cw operation. Depending on the illumination setup, the incoherent emission regime can lead to a strongly reduced speckle contrast down to 1.3%. This is in agreement with estimates of the expected speckle contrast reduction when three contrast reducing effects are taken into account. These low contrast values make the investigated sources attractive for several applications that suffer from speckle noise.     

Structural characterization of ultrathin Cr and Sc films for soft X-ray mirrors

The structure of multilayers of ultrathin scandium (Sc) and chromium (Cr) films has been characterized by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Face centered cubic Sc was found both in magnetron sputtered thin Sc layers on Si(0 0 1) and in Cr/Sc multilayers for soft X-ray mirrors. The single Sc and Cr layers are polycrystalline with randomly oriented grains, while Sc and Cr within the Cr/Sc multilayer show a strong [0 0 1] texture in the deposition direction. From high-resolution images the orientation-relationship at the Cr/Sc interfaces could be deduced as: Sc_[110]//Cr_[100] and Sc_[010]//Cr_[110], which was confirmed by image simulations.     

Optical transmission through an interface between subwavelength slits

This paper studies optical transmission through an interface between two slits with different widths in a sheet composed of an ideal conductor. Such a structure is of potential use in fabricating optical diode and may be the simplest one compared to other designs. Our calculations show that there is a critical wavelength. When the light wavelength is below the critical wavelength, the transmissivity is unidirectional. The expression of the stable transmissivity as a function of the ratio of the widths of the two slits was obtained analytically. Particularly, at the critical wavelength, the transmissivities are zero. This phenomenon has great potential for application in the manufacture of wavelength blockers.     

Effect of Ir(pq)2acac doping on CBP in phosphorescence organic light-emitting diodes

Doping is one of the most powerful methods amongst the various performance improvement ways. Doping affects the energy levels of the host layer by the energy level of the dopant. This allows the energy bandgap to be adjusted to a desired level and thus generates light corresponding to that energy level. Alternatively, it can act as an energy barrier between the interfaces to change the flow of carriers. In this study, the voltage dependences of undoped and doped devices were observed. Bis(2-phenylquinoline) iridium(III) (acetylacetonate) (Ir(pq)₂acac) was doped in 4,4′-N, N′-dicarbazole-biphenyl (CBP) as the emission layer. The light intensity changes with the doping concentration, and the efficiency was also studied. When a high voltage was applied, the effect of triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) adversely affected the electron-hole recombination. We analyzed the optimal operating conditions and the effect of doping concentration on OLEDs.     

Grain boundary potential and charge density at grain boundaries of chemically prepared thin silver sulfide films

The grain boundary potential and interface state charge density at the grain boundaries of silver sulfide (Ag₂S) thin films prepared by chemical conversion of cadmium sulfide (CdS) films have been determined from the dc resistance of the material and are found to be sensitive to annealing. A reduction in the grain boundary potential and the grain boundary charge density of the film has been noticed when the source CdS film is annealed at different temperatures prior to chemical conversion. The variation in the grain boundary charge density of the grown Ag₂S film with source annealing temperature has been found to be similar to that of thin cadmium sulfide film, reported earlier. An additional low temperature heat treatment of the sample results in an enhancement in the charge density at the grain boundaries. The change in the silver vacancy and/or oxygen and sulfur content of the films as revealed from the energy dispersive spectra of the films suggests possible role of film composition on the grain boundary charge density.     

XYZ particles at Belle

In this paper, I review recent progress in the study of the XYZ particles at Belle. I only focus on studies with charmonium and one or more light mesons in the final states. This covers the X(3872), X(3915),Y(4140), X(4350), and the charged Z states.     

三螺旋DNA分子Poly(dT)·Poly(dA)·Poly(dT)碱基振动模式

利用晶格动力学方法计算了三螺旋 DNA分子 poly(d T)· poly(d A)· poly(d T)碱基振动模式 ,并根据势能分布矩阵对碱基振动模式进行了指定。计算的模式频率同拉曼光谱实验相符合     

Effect of swift heavy ion irradiation on photoluminescence properties of ZnO/PMMA nanocomposite films

We report a study on the SHI induced modifications on structural and optical properties of ZnO/PMMA nanocomposite films. The ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by the chemical route using 2-mercaptoethanol as a capping agent. The structure of ZnO nanoparticles was confirmed by XRD, SEM and TEM. These ZnO nanoparticles were dispersed in the PMMA matrix to form ZnO/PMMA nanocomposite films by the solution cast method. These ZnO/PMMA nanocomposite films were then irradiated by swift heavy ion irradiation (Ni⁸⁺ ion beam, 100 MeV) at a fluence of 1×10¹¹ ions/cm². The nanocomposite films were then characterized by XRD, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. As revealed from the absorption spectra, absorption edge is not changed by the irradiation but the optical absorption is increased. Enhanced green luminescence at about 527 nm and a less intense blue emission peak around 460 nm were observed after irradiation with respect to the pristine ZnO/PMMA nanocomposite film.     

Belle实验观测到新类粲偶素结构

利用在Υ(nS)(n=1,2,4,5)共振态及其附近采集的大量数据,Belle实验测量了末态中含两个矢量粒子的双光子过程γγ→J/ψ和ωJ/ψ.在这两个过程中,发现了两个窄共振结构X(4350)和X(3915).这两个新结构的性质目前尚不清楚,可能是普通粲偶素粒子,也可能是含一对粲夸克和一对轻夸克的四夸克态,或含一对粲夸克和一个激发胶子的混杂态,或是由其他未知的动力学原因造成的奇特结构.Belle同时发现在γγ→J/ψ过程中,不存在显著的Y(4140)的信号,实验结果与将Y(4140)解释为四夸克态的部分理论预期有较大差异.     

The effect of phonon anisotropic scattering on the thermal conductivity of silicon thin films at 300K and 400K

Previous studies have shown that anisotropy in phonon transport exist because of the difference in phonon dispersion relation due to different lattice directions, as observed by a difference in in-plane and cross-plane thermal conductivities. Our current work intends to study the effect of anisotropy scattering on silicon thermal conductivity at 300 K and 400 K. We adopt the Henyey and Greenstein probability density function in our phonon Monte Carlo simulation to investigate the effect of highly forward and backward scattering events. The impact of applying the anisotropy scattering using this approach is discussed in detail. While the forward and backward scattering will increase and decrease thermal conductivity respectively, the extent of the effect is non-linear such that forward scattering has a more obvious effect on thermal conductivity than backward scattering.