Optical spectra and Exciton State in Vertically Stacked Self—Assembled Quantum Discs

We study the oscillator strengths of the optical transitions of the vertically stacked self-assembled InAs quantum discs.The oscillator strengths change evidently when the two quantum discs are far apart from each other.A vertically applied electric field affects the oscillator strengths severely.while the oscillator strengths change slowly as the radius of one disc increases.We also studied the excitonic energy of the system.including the Coulomb interaction.The excitonic energy increases with the increasing radius of one disc.but decreases as a vertically applied electric field increases.     

Electronic Transport for a Quantum Wire Partly Irradiated under THz Electromagnetic Wave

We study the electronic transport of a quantum wire partly irradiated under an external terahertz (THz) electromagnetic field. Using the free-electron model and scattering matrix approach we demonstrate that although the electrons in a ballistic quantum wire only suffer from lateral collision with photons, the reflection of electrons also takes place. More interestingly there is a sharp step-structure in the transmission probability as the total energy of electron increases to a threshold value when the frequency of electromagnetic field is resonant with the separation of lateral levels of the wire. The interference structure of transmission for the system apparently appears when the field only irradiates the middle part of the wire.     

Electron Transport of an Impurity Quantum Wire Under THz Electromagnetic Field Illumination

We theoretically investigate the effect of a single finite-size attractive impurity on the electron transport of a semiconductor quantum wire under the influence of a terahertz electromagnetic field illumination. In the freeparticle framework, the time-dependent electronic states are obtained by introducing an unitary transformation,and the electronic transmission of the system is obtained by using the scattering matrix approach. In the case of the field frequency resonant with the lateral energy spacing of the two lowest levels, a step-like structure for the transmission probability versus the total electron energy is predicted. Furthermore, due to the interplay between the single impurity and the applied field, the transmission probability curve in the non-resonant case shows a structure of a resonance dip on the interference pattern background with certain parameters of the impurity.     

Quantum Phase Transition and Ferromagnetic Spin Correlation in Parallel Double Quantum Dots

We investigate electronic transport through a parallel double quantum dot （DQD） system with strong on-site Coulomb interaction, as well as the interdot tunnelling. By applying numerical renormalization group method, the ground state of the system and the transmission probability at zero temperature are obtained. For a system of quantum dots with degenerate energy levels and small interdot tunnel coupling, the spin correlations between the DQDs is ferromagnetic, and the ground state of the system is a spin-1 triplet state. The linear conductance will reach the unitary limit （2e^2/h） due to the Kondo effect at low temperature. As the interdot tunnel coupling increases, there is a quantum phase transition from ferromagnetic to anti-ferromagnetic spin correlation in DQDs and the linear conductance is strongly suppressed.     

Energy Quantization and Probability Density of Electron in Intense-Field-Atom Interactions

We find that, due to the quantum correlation between the electron and the field, the electronic energy becomes quantized also, manifesting the particle aspect of light in the electron-light interaction. The probability amplitude of finding electron with a given energy is given by a generalized Bessel function, which can be represented as a coherent superposition of contributions from a few electronic quantum trajectories. This concept is illustrated by comparing the spectral density of the electron with the laser assisted recombination spectrum.     

Quantum Spontaneous Magnetization in Single-Junction Superconducting π-Rings

Based upon the calculations of energy levels and quantum states, we discuss the probability of quantum spontaneous magnetization flux as a function of the screen parameter β for the superconducting ring containing one Josephson π-junction, and compare the result with that in the classical case. Our results indicate that there is significant difference in the magnetization behaviour aroundβ = 1 between the quantum and classical situations.     

Electronic and Shallow Impurity States in Semiconductor Heterostructures Under an Applied Electric Field

With the use of variational method to solve the effective mass equation, we have studied the electronic and shallow impurity states in semiconductor heterostructures under an applied electric field. The electron energy levels are calculated exactly and the impurity binding energies are calculated with the variational approach. It is found that the behaviors of electronic and shallow impurity states in heterostructures under an applied electric field are analogous to that of quantum wells. Our results show that with the increasing strength of electric field, the electron confinement energies increase, and the impurity binding energy increases also when the impurity is on the surface, while the impurity binding energy increases at first, to a peak value, then decreases to a value which is related to the impurity position when the impurity is away from the surface. In the absence of electric field, the result tends to the Levine‘s ground state energy (-1/4 effective Rydberg) when the impurity is on the surface, and the ground impurity binding energy tends to that in the bulk when the impurity is far away from the surface. The dependence of the impurity binding energy on the impurity position for different electric field is also discussed.     

Electronic and Shallow Impurity States in Semiconductor Heterostructures Under an Applied Electric Field

With the use of variational method to solve the effective mass equation, we have studied the electronic and shallow impurity states in semiconductor heterostructures under an applied electric field. The electron energy levels are calculated exactly and the impurity binding energies are calculated with the variational approach. It is found that the behaviors of electronic and shallow impurity states in heterostructures under an applied electric field are analogous to that of quantum wells. Our results show that with the increasing strength of electric field, the electron confinement energies increase, and the impurity binding energy increases also when the impurity is on the surface, while the impurity binding energy increases at first, to a peak value, then decreases to a value which is related to the impurity position when the impurity is away from the surface. In the absence of electric field, the result tends to the Levine＇s ground state energy （-1/4 effective Rydberg） when the impurity is on the surface, and the ground impurity binding energy tends to that in the bulk when the impurity is far away from the surface. The dependence of the impurity binding energy on the impurity position for different electric field is also discussed.     

Quantum entanglement transition in vertically coupledtwo single-electron quantum dots with charged impurity

Effects of a charged impurity on the ground state of two vertically coupled identical single-electron quantum dots with and without applied magnetic field are investigated. In the absence of the magnetic field, the investigations of the charged impurity effect on the quantum entanglement (QE) in some low-lying states are carried out. It is found that, both the positive charged impurity (PCI) and the negative charged impurity (NCI)reduce the QE in the low-lying states under oonsideration except that the QE in the ground state is enhanced by the NCI. Additionally, in the domain of B from 0 Tesla to 15 Tesla, the ground state energy E, the ground state angular momentum L and the ground state QE entropy S are worked out. As far as the ground state are concerned, the PCI (NCI) blocks (induces) the angular momentum phase transition and the QE phase transition besides the known fact (i. e., the PCI/NCI decreases/increases the energy) in the magnetic field.     

Quantum-mechanical substantiation of a similar change in the kinetic energy component of an electron along the magnetic field within each Landau level

A detailed solution to the Schr?dinger equation for an electron in the presence of a quantizing magnetic field is considered using the method of separation of variables. The discrete energy levels occurring in this case are regarded as the potential barriers of finite height, with an electron moving normal to them along the magnetic-field direction. A similar change in the difference between the energy values within the neighboring Landau levels allows us to show, basing on the general properties of one-dimensional electron motion in the magnetic field, that within each quantum energy level, the kinetic-energy component of a longitudinal electron motion continuously is varied between 0 and 2μ_BH, whereas the probability density of particle location is practically damped into the potential-barrier depth as it moves along the magnetic-field direction. __________ Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 10, pp. 3–7, October, 2006.     

The Electron－Hole Pair in a Single Quantum Dot and That in a Vertically Coupled Quantum Dot

The energy spectra of low-lying states of an exciton in a single and a vertically coupled quantum dots are studied under the influence of a perpendicularly applied magnetic field. Calculations are made by using the method of numerical diagonalization of the Hamiltonian within the effective-mass approximation. We also calculated the binding energy of the ground and the excited states of an exciton in a single quantum dot and that in a vertically coupled quantum dot as a function of the dot radius for different vaJues of the distance and the magnetic field strength.     

Quantum Optics of Ultracold Molecular Fields

We apply concepts of quantum optical coherence to characterize the coherent generation of a molecular field from a quantum-degenerate atomic sample, and discuss the impact of the quantum statistics of the atoms on that field. For atoms initially in a BEC the resulting molecular field is to a good approximation coherent. This is in sharp contrast to the case of atoms in a normal Fermi gas, where we can made use of an analogy with the Tavis-Cummings model to show that the statistics of the resulting molecular field is similar to that of a single-mode chaotic light field. The BCS case interpolates between the two extremes, with an ＇incoherent＇ contribution from unpaired atoms superposed to a ＇coherent＇ contribution from atomic Cooper pairs. We also comment on the temporal fluctuations characteristic of the formation of molecular dimers from ultracold fermionic atoms.     

THz-field-induced electronic transmission step-structure for a quantum wire

We study theoretically the low-temperature electronic transport property of a straight quantum wire under the irradiation of a finite-range transversely polarized external terahertz (THz) electromagnetic (EM) field. Using the freeelectron model and the scattering matrix approach, we show an unusual behaviour of the electronic transmission of this system. A sharp step-structure appears in the electronic transmission probability as the EM field strength increases to a threshold value when a coherent EM field is applied. We demonstrate that this effect physically comes from the inelastic scattering of electrons with lateral photons through intersubband transitions.     

Role of Interactions in Electronic Structure of a Two-Electron Quantum Dot Molecule

We have studied a two-electron quantum dot molecule in a magnetic field. The electron interaction is treated accurately by the direct diagonalization of the Hamiltonian matrix. We calculate two lowest energy levels of the two-electron quantum dot molecule in a magnetic field. Our results show that the electron interactions are significant, as they can change the total spin of the two-electron ground state of the system by adjusting the magnetic field between S = 0 and S = 1. The energy difference AE between the lowest S = 0 and S = 1 states is shown as a function of the axial magnetic field. We found that the energy difference between the lowest S = 0 and S = 1 states in the strong-B S = 0 state varies linearly. Our results provide a possible realization for a qubit to be fabricated by current growth techniques.     

Four Electrons in a Coupled Three-Layer Quantum Dot

We investigate four electrons confined in a coupled three-layer quantum dot, by the exact diagonalization method. A vertical magnetic field to the confinement plane is considered. The ground-state electronic structures and angular momentum transitions are investigated. We find that for four-electron Q Ds, the Series of the magic numbers in three-layer QDs are different from those in one-, and two-layer Q Ds. These are connected to the exchange and rotational symmetries of the systems.     

The effect of degenerate atomic levels on the field state dissipation in two—photon Jaynes—Cummings model

The dissipation of the field in the two-photonJaynes-Cummings model (JCM) with degenerate atomic levels was studied.The initial degenerate atomic state affects the field coherence loss,when the degenerate atom is initially in an equal probability superposition state,the field coherence loss is smallest,It is found that the degeneracy of the atomic level increases the period of entanglement between the atom and the field.When the degeneracy was considered,the coherence properties of the field could be affected by the reservoir qualitatively,if a nonlinear two-photon process is involved.This is different from the dissipation of one-photon JCM with degenerate atomic levels.     

Vacuum-Induced Quantum Interference in a Trapped Λ-Configuration Three-Level System

In consideration of quantization of centre-of-mass motion, we derive the second-order solution of the dynamic equation of a Λ-configuration three-level atom confined in an approximately harmonic trap by using the timedependent perturbation theory. It is found that there are a series of dark lines in the second-order probability spectrum with multi-peak structures, which is the result of the quantum interference from the same vacuum mode in the spontaneous decay process of the trapped atom from the upper level to the two nearby lower levels. Our study shows that the second-order spectrum may be modified by the oscillation frequency Ω of the trap and the frequency difference △ between two lower levels of the three-level atom, and the depth of the dark lines from the vacuum-induced quantum interference effect is strongly dependent on the above two parameters （Ω and △ ）.     

Analysis of the Interaction between Low-Frequency Waves and Ions in the High-Altitude Cusp Region Observed by Satellite Cluster

The energy transfer between ions （protons） and low frequency waves （LFWs） in the frequency range f1 from 0.3 to 10 Hz is observed by Cluster crossing the high-altitude polar cusp. The energy transfer between low frequency waves and ions has two means. One is that the energy is transferred from low frequency waves to ions and ions energy increases, The other is that the energy is transferred from ions to low frequency waves and the ion energy decreases. lon gyratory motion plays an important role in the energy transfer processes. The electromagnetic field of f1 LFWs can accelerate or decelerate protons along the direction of ambient magnetic field and warm or refrigerate protons in the parallel and perpendicular directions of ambient magnetic field, The peak values of proton number densities have the corresponding peak values of electromagnetic energy of low-frequency waves. This implies that the kinetic Alfven waves and solitary kinetic Alfven waves possibly exist in the high-altitude cusp region.     

Effects of Crossed Electric and Magnetic Fields on Shallow Donor Impurity Binding Energy in a Parabolic Quantum Well

We have calculated variationally the ground state binding energy of a hydrogenic donor impurity in a parabolic quantum well in the presence of crossed electric and magnetic fields. These homogeneous crossed fields are such that the magnetic field is parallel to the heterostructure layers and the electric field is applied perpendicular to the magnetic field. The dependence of the donor impurity binding energy to the well width and the strength of the electric and magnetic fields are discussed. We hope that the obtained results will provide important improvements in device applications, especially for a suitable choice of both fields in the narrow well widths.     

A new energy source originating from extra dimensions

In this work the Einstein gravitational field equations and the Lichnerowicz boundary formalism in the extra dimensions are used to build up our black hole model from 6-dimensional space－time. From the internal stress－energy tensor the solutions with energy levels and semiclassical space-quantization are obtained, which combines with only one metric condition outside the defect. We show a new type of energy source, which originates from extra dimensions. A part of the energy source of quasi-stellar object (QSO) maybe come from extra dimensions in that way. The theoretical arithmetic upper limit is identical to that of the output energy of QSO.