Variational regularization method of solving the Cauchy problem for Laplace＇s equation： Innovation of the Grad-Shafranov （GS） reconstruction

The simplified linear model of Grad-Shafranov （GS） reconstruction can be reformulated into an inverse boundary value problem of Laplace＇s equation. Therefore, in this paper we focus on the method of solving the inverse boundary value problem of Laplace＇s equation. In the first place, the variational regularization method is used to deal with the ill- posedness of the Cauchy problem for Laplace＇s equation. Then, the ＇L-Curve＇ principle is suggested to be adopted in choosing the optimal regularization parameter. Finally, a numerical experiment is implemented with a section of Neumann and Dirichlet boundary conditions with observation errors. The results well converge to the exact solution of the problem, which proves the efficiency and robustness of the proposed method. When the order of observation error δ is 10-1, the order of the approximate result error can reach 10-3.     

The geometrical acoustic method for calculating the echo of targets submerged in a shallow water waveguide

A geometrical acoustic method based on image-source method and physical acoustic method was developed to calculate the echo of targets submerged in the shallow water waveguide.The incident rays and the scattering rays are reflected by two boundaries for many times,and then the back rays become countless.The total backscattering field is obtained through summing up the scattering field produced by each combination of incident rays and back rays.The echo of the 10m-radius pressure release sphere in Pekeris waveguide with the range is calculated by the geometrical acoustic method.Compared with the results calculated by the wave acoustic method in the available literature,it shows that both are in accordance on average value and descend trend.The following results indicate that the difference between Effective Target Strength(ETS) in shallow water and the Target Strength(TS) in free space for spheres and certain other rounded objects is small.However,the ETS of some targets such as cone-shaped is quite different from TS in free space,which can lead to large errors in estimating a target’s scattering property using traditional sonar equation.Compared with the method of wave acoustics,the geometrical acoustic method not only has the definite physical meaning but also can calculate the echo of complex objects in shallow water waveguide.     

Signal-background discrimination with convolutional neural networks in the Panda X-Ⅲ experiment using MC simulation

The Panda X-Ⅲ experiment will search for neutrinoless double beta decay of136 Xe with high pressure gaseous time projection chambers at the China Jin-Ping underground Laboratory. The tracking feature of gaseous detectors helps suppress the background level, resulting in the improvement of the detection sensitivity. We study a method based on the convolutional neural networks to discriminate double beta decay signals against the background from high energy gammas generated by214 Bi and208 Tl decays based on detailed Monte Carlo simulation. Using the 2-dimensional projections of recorded tracks on two planes, the method successfully suppresses the background level by a factor larger than 100 with a high signal efficiency. An improvement of 62%on the efficiency ratio of ?_s/(?_b)～1/2 is achieved in comparison with the baseline in the Panda X-Ⅲ conceptual design report.     

State Preparation in a Cold Atom Clock by Optical Pumping

We implement optical pumping to prepare cold atoms in our prototype of the ~(87)Rb space cold atom clock, which operates in the one-way mode. Several modifications are made on our previous physical and optical system. The effective atomic signal in the top detection zone is increased to 2.5 times with 87% pumping efficiency. The temperature of the cold atom cloud is increased by 1.4 μK. We study the dependences of the effective signal gain and pumping efficiency on the pumping laser intensity and detuning. The effects of σ,transition are discussed.This technique may be used in the future space cold atom clocks.     

An Approach to Extract the Spin Transfer to ∧in Polarized Proton--Proton Collision

We introduce an approach to extract the spin transfer to A in polarized proton-proton collision, based on the relation between single spin asymmetry and the polarization of A production. With 4 × 10^6 ∧ events simulated for a PHENIX detector system, DLL = 0.1598 ± 0.0343 is retrieved by the approach and it agrees very well with the input value of 0.1429. The approach is further tested and confirmed with ‘bunch shuffling＇ method for the simulated events as well as experimental events collected at PHENIX in 2003. It is concluded that one can correctly extract the spin transfer without detailed understanding of acceptance correction even if the correction is significantly large in PHENIX experiment by using the approach described here. The method can be generally used for spin transfer study.     

First principles study on the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of Fe--Ga magnetostrictive alloys

This paper investigates the electronic structure and magnetocrystalline anisotropy of Fe--Ga magnetostrictive material by means of the full potential-linearized augmented plane-wave method within the generalized gradient approximation. The 3d-orbit splitting of Fe atoms in D0₃, B2-like and L1₂ crystalline structures of Fe--Ga is calculated with consideration of the crystal field as well as the spin--orbit coupling effect. Because of the frozen orbital angular momenta of the 3d-orbit for Fe atoms in Fe--Ga magnetostrictive alloys and the spin--orbit coupling, the distribution of the electron cloud is not isotropic, which leads to the anisotropy of exchange interaction between the different atoms. A method on estimating the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of Fe--Ga alloys by means of calculating orbit-projected density of states for Fe atoms is performed. The anisotropic distribution of the electron cloud of Fe atoms in these three crystalline structures of Fe--Ga is studied based on the above method showing the highest magnetic anisotropy for B2-like structure. This qualitative method comes closer to physical reality with a vivid physical view, which can evaluate the anisotropy of electron cloud for 3d transition atoms directly. The calculated results are in good agreement with both the previous theoretical computation and the tested value on the magnetic anisotropy constant, which confirms that the electron cloud anisotropy of Fe atoms could well characterize the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of Fe--Ga magnetostrictive material.     

Coordinate difference homogenization matching method for motion correction in 3D range-intensity correlation laser imaging

This Letter proposes a coordinate difference homogenization matching method to solve motion influence in three-dimensional(3D) range-intensity correlation laser imaging. Firstly, features and feature pairs of gate images are obtained by speeded-up robust figures and bi-directional feature matching methods. The original mean value of the feature-pair coordinate differences is calculated. Comparing the coordinate differences with the original mean value, the wrong feature pairs are removed, and then an optimized mean value is updated. The final feature-pair coordinates are re-registered based on the updated mean value. Thus, an accurate transformation is established to rectify motion gate images for 3D reconstruction. In the experiment, a 3D image of a tower at 780 m is successfully captured by our laser gated imaging system on a pan–tilt device.     

The application of regularization technique based on partial optimization in the nearfield acoustic holography

The regularization technique for stabilizing the reconstruction based on the nearfield acoustic holography(NAH) was investigated on the basis of the equivalent source method.In order to obtain higher regularization effect,a regularization method based on the idea of partial optimization was proposed,which inherits the advantages of the Tikhonov and another regularization method—truncated singular value decomposition(TSVD).Through the numerical simulation,it is proved that the proposed method is stabler than the Tikhonov,and more precise than the TSVD.Finally the validity and the feasibility of the proposed method are demonstrated by an experiment carried out in a semi-anechoic room with two speakers.     

Output Intensity Variations of the Laser Used in a Prism Coupling System and Its Application

The output intensity variations of the laser used in a prism coupling system are observed and found to be induced by the external optical feedback, which comes from the reflection on the prism. The intensity variations are explained with laser theory. The trough in the intensity variation corresponds to the position of the prism when the output light beam propagates perpendicularly to the prism. Based on the trough a new method for rotating the prism and reading out the step numbers is proposed, by which the angle 0° in the system need not to be calibrated. It is proven by experiment that the new method would improve the accuracy of the refractive index up to ±0.00001 and thickness to ±1 nm.     

Precision Measurement of Distribution of Film Thickness on Pendulum for Experiment of G

Distribution of film thickness coated on the pendulum of measuring the Newton gravitational constant G is determined with a weighing method by means of a precision mass comparator. The experimental result shows that the gold film on the pendulum will contribute a correction of -24.3 ppm to our G measurement with an uncertainty of 4.3 ppm, which is significant for improving the G value with high precision.     

Acquiring multi-spectral images by digital still cameras based on XYZLMS interim connection space

A method based on the XYZLMS interim connection space is proposed to accurately acquire the multi-spectral images by digital still cameras. The XYZLMS values are firstly predicted from RGB values by polynomial model with local training samples and then spectral reflectance is constructed from XYZLMS values by pseudo-inverse method. An experiment is implemented for multi-spectral image acquisition based on a commercial digital still camera. The results indicate that multi-spectral images can be accurately acquired except the very dark colors.     

Finite Space Complete Basis Method： Precision Computation of High-Resolutior Spectrum near Ionization Threshold

A new method is proposed to describe quantum dynamical processes in finite space by using of a set ofdiscretized complete bases. In this method, the finite space complete basis is obtained by solving the self-consistent field equation with reflecting boundary conditions. Hence, both negative and positive orbital energies can be obtained. Such method can be used in systems which involve dynamics only in the reaction zone, i.e., in a finite space. To illustrate the validity of the method, we present two examples： theoretical calculation of the high excited states spectra including the continuum of sodium and barium.     

Manufacturing and testing of a cubic SiC surface

The free surface and unrotational-symmetric surface optical elements have been applied more and more widely along with the development of optical design technology, although they are still difficult for manufacturing. In this letter, a SiC unrotational-symmetric aspheric surface whose surface equation is z =- 3λ（x^a ＋ y^3） （λ= 0.6328μm） has been introduced. The tilt abstraction is adopted to minimize the material removal. The surface figures are peak-to-valley （PV） value of 0.327A and root-mean-square （RMS） value of 0.023A. A non-null testing method based on digital mask is proposed to test this surface. The accuracy of the method is testified by the experiment of standard sphere testing.     

Theoretical analysis of the ship noise demodulation spectrum harmonic clan feature

The structure law of the ship noise demodulation spectrum harmonic clan feature and corresponding applications to the recognition problem are studied by theoretical derivation and sample analysis.In order to recognize the propeller blade-number,the ship propeller cavitation noise model is established on the basis of five hypotheses.Further,the mathematical expressions of the structure law are deduced by the model.And the class space of the propeller blade-number is analysed mathematically.The results can be applied to target recognition as expert knowledge.Finally,the demodulation spectrum harmonic clans of experiment samples are obtained by using the wavelet packet.The structure law is validated by the statistic analysis of experiment samples.It is shown that the statistical average results of experiment samples are consistent very well with the theory structure law,and 78.6% of the samples basically accord with the theory structure law.     

Numerical investigation of the enhanced unidirectional surface plasmon polaritons generator~Numerical investigation of the enhanced unidirectional surface plasmon polaritons generator~Numerical investigation of the enhanced unidirectional surface plasmon polaritons generator

A unidirectional surface plasmon polaritons （SPPs） generator with greatly enhanced generation efficiency is proposed. The SPPs generator consists of an asymmetric single nanoslit coated with a polyviny alcohol （PVA） film and a silver rectangle block. The generation efficiency of this SPPs generator is investigated using the finite difference time domain method. Due to the presence of the silver rectangle block, the SPPs generation efficiency of the asymmetric single nanoslit with PVA film can be greatly enhanced and the corresponding wavelength with the maximum enhancement factor can be tuned flexibly. The influence of the structural parameters on the generation efficiency is also investigated for the enhanced unidirectional SPPs generator.     

One step hologram calculation for multi-plane objects based on nonuniform sampling (Invited Paper)

The nonuniform sampling method in hologram plane is proposed to reconstruct objects on multi-plane simultaneously. The hologram is nonuniformly sampled by decomposing it into several parts with various sampling rates. The hologram is calculated based on the nonuniform fast Fourier transform （NUFFT） algorithm. In the experiment, we load this nonuniformly sampled hologram on phases-only spatial light modulator （SLM）, and by illumination with collimated light objects with different sampling rates are reconstructed at different distant planes simultaneously. Both of the numerically simulation and optical experiments are performed to demonstrate the feasibility of our method. The experiment also shows that our proposed nonuniform sampled hologram for multi-plane objects is calculated by only one step, better than conventional method that needs several steps of calculation proportional to the numbers of object planes.     

Precise measurement of the micron-scale spot of ultrashort laser pulse based on film scanning

A novel and precise micron-scale nanosecond laser spot measurement based on film-scanning method is presented.The method can be used to measure the spot size,beam profile,and intensity distribution of the pulse.The central spot radius of the pulsed Bessel beams with pulse width of 25 ns is measured to be 94.86±5μm in our experiment through the analysis of the digital image by film scanning,and the result is consistent with the theoretical value of 92.33μm.Compared with charge-coupled device/complementary metal oxide semiconductor(CCD/CMOS)laser beam profilers,the film-scanning method shows higher measurement accuracy,single shot ultrashort pulse measurable,larger measurable size,and wider measur- able wavelength range.     

Numerical simulation of drop oscillation in AC electrowetting

In this paper,a "macroscopic-scale" numerical method for drop oscillation in AC electrowetting is presented.The method is based on a high-fidelity moving mesh interface tracking(MMIT) approach and a "microscopic model" for the moving contact line.The contact line model developed by Ren et al.[Phys Fluids,2010,22:102103] is used in the simulation.To determine the slip length in this model,we propose a calibration procedure using the experimental data of drop spreading in DC electrowetting.In the simulation,the frequency of input AC voltage varies in a certain range while the root-mean-square value remains fixed.The numerical simulation is validated against the experiment and it shows that the predicted resonance frequencies for different oscillation modes agree reasonably well with the experiment.The origins of discrepancy between simulation and experiment are analyzed in the paper.Further investigation is also conducted by including the contact angle hysteresis into the contact line model to account for the "stick-slip" behavior.A noticeable improvement on the prediction of resonance frequencies is achieved by using the hysteresis model.     

Pseudospectral method with symplectic algorithm for the solution of time-dependent SchrSdinger equations

A pseudospectral method with symplectic algorithm for the solution of time-dependent Schrodinger equations （TDSE） is introduced. The spatial part of the wavefunction is discretized into sparse grid by pseudospectral method and the time evolution is given in symplectic scheme. This method allows us to obtain a highly accurate and stable solution of TDSE. The effectiveness and efficiency of this method is demonstrated by the high-order harmonic spectra of one-dimensional atom in strong laser field as compared with previously published work. The influence of the additional static electric field is also investigated.     

Formation for Bass-Relief Microprofiles Based on an Analytic Formulation

A method of fast design and fabrication for bass-relief micro-profiles is developed by using an analytic formulation to determine the exposure distribution. Based on an equivalent exposure threshold model, the formulation is simplified for the case of bass-relief profile corresponding to the smaller exposure dose. The mask function for a microlens array is designed without iteration involved by the analytic formulation. The experiment is performed to validate the method, and the fabrication result is obtained with the profile error less than 30nm （rms）.