磁屏蔽罩在梯度静磁场中的受力研究

在有梯度的静磁场中,对由软磁材料制作的磁屏蔽罩所受的静磁力的量级进行了评估。使用有限元分析和实验测试的方法研究了纯铁方形屏蔽罩在梯度静磁场中的受力情况,结果表明：把内腔尺寸100mm×100mm×150mm、罩体厚度为20mm的方形屏蔽罩放置在强度约为0.2T、梯度为0.03T?m?1的磁场中,其所受的静磁力约为184N,与其自身重力相当;静磁力随磁场强度的升高而增大;有限元分析与实验测试结果的偏差在0.2T背景磁场下约为21%。因此,在考虑一定余量的情况下,使用有限元计算评估屏蔽罩在静磁场中的受力情况是一种有效和比较可靠的方法。     

中子散射超导磁体的受力分析

利用有限元计算模拟了周围磁性物体在强磁场下的磁化分布及其对超导磁体的反作用力,通过实验测量了在中子平台复杂的磁性物体结构中超导磁体随加载磁场的受力变化情况。结果表明,周围磁性物体对超导磁体施加的磁力随着磁场强度以平方关系增加,当磁场达到2.5 T时,磁力为27.3 kg。根据中子平台运行的现实条件,建议此超导磁体在该中子平台的安全运行上限磁场为2.5 T。     

体结构GaAs光导开关实验研究

 为解决光导开关耐受场强的提高问题,研制了2种体结构光导开关,并进行了实验研究。两种开关均由半绝缘GaAs材料制成,一种尺寸为10.0 mm×10.0 mm×0.6 mm,电极位于10.0 mm×10.0 mm面上相对位置,电极直径6 mm;另一种尺寸为15.0 mm×15.0 mm×3.0 mm,8 mm直径电极位于15.0 mm×15.0 mm面上相对位置。测试了第1种开关在不同半高宽脉冲加载电压下的击穿电压,结果表明其最大耐受电压达7.6 kV,击穿电场127 kV/cm。对第2种结构测试了开关在直流加载条件下的暗态伏安特性并进行了触发实验,结果表明在15 kV工作电压下,其放电最大电流超过3.5 kA。     

NE102A+CsI(T1)+PMT中能重离子探测器望远镜

描述了由1mm厚面积为24mm×24mm的快塑料闪烁体NE102A和前表面24mm×24mm,后表面37mm×37nun,40mm厚的CsI(T1)组成的phoswich探测器望远镜的结构和性能.实验结果表明,用传统的快慢门QDC方法可清楚地分辨Z=1的同位素p、d、t和鉴别出全部探测到的碎片.     

大口径高精度方形平面光学元部件的研制

采用环行抛光技术是实现大尺寸、高面形精度和细表面粗糙度要求的方形或长方形平面元件批量化加工的一条有效途径。介绍了利用环行抛光工艺实际制作了两块 32 0mm× 32 0mm× 35mm和 32 0mm× 32 0mm× 48mmUBK7材料的工艺实验样品。加工结果是 ,透射元件获得了镀膜后双次透射波前 0 2 93λ(P V ,λ =0 632 8um )和反射元部件的反射波前 0 2 2λ(P V ,λ =0 632 8um )的结果。     

基于H方程的超导磁悬浮系统悬浮特性分析

高精度的重力测量在地震监测、资源勘探、惯性导航等领域均有着十分重要的意义,将超导磁悬浮系统应用于重力测量可以极大提高重力测量的精度,减少漂移率。当前对超导重力仪内磁悬浮系统的仿真主要采用A方程静磁场法,仿真得到的数据与实验结果相差较大,为了提高仿真精度和效率,采用H方程在COMSOL中建立了新的仿真模型,仿真得到的数据与实验结果偏差较小,验证了该方法可以提高超导磁悬浮系统的仿真精度和效率。仿真得到了超导重力仪内磁悬浮系统的磁场分布,屏蔽电流分布,受力,穿透深度等特征,分析了超导球在磁场中受到的悬浮力与悬浮高度、悬浮线圈电流大小、通入速率的关系,计算得到了超导磁悬浮系统的磁力梯度。     

横向静磁场对电磁悬浮液滴稳定性的影响

在利用电磁悬浮技术实现液滴悬浮的过程中,液滴内部往往存在剧烈对流、外部伴随快速旋转和质心的水平位移等不稳定因素;因此,实现液滴的稳定悬浮是完善电磁悬浮技术的关键.本文采用实验观测的方法,通过U形静磁场组件对液滴所在空间施加横向静磁场,利用高速相机记录了不同磁场强度下纯铜熔融液滴的振荡变形过程;分析了横向静磁场对悬浮铜液滴振荡频率、振幅以及旋转的影响.实验发现:对于熔融前的固态铜颗粒,若静磁场强度超过0.3 T,铜颗粒几乎以静止状态悬浮.熔融后,当施加0.15 T的静磁场,与未加静磁场时相比,液滴俯视图轮廓线拟合出的椭圆分别与x轴和y轴的交点坐标之差R-、椭圆面积A和椭圆长轴长度Dmax的振幅分别减小了25%,76%和60%;随着磁场强度的继续增加,振幅和频率继续减小,但在静磁场强度为0.3 T时,相比静磁场强度为0.2 T,频率增加了1 Hz.横向静磁场还抑制了悬浮铜液滴的旋转,当磁场强度增加到0.53 T时,悬浮液滴只在10?的角度范围内摆动.这些结果表明,施加横向静磁场能够有效提高悬浮液滴的稳定性.     

铷-氙气室原子磁力仪系统磁场测量能力的标定

本文针对微弱磁场精密测量问题,在自主研制的铷-氙气室原子磁力仪系统上,探讨了两种磁场测量的方式,分别实现了对交流磁场与静磁场的测量,并对它们的磁场测量能力进行了实验标定.交流磁场测量原理是基于测量外磁场对~(87)Rb原子极化的影响,实验标定结果为在2100 Hz频率范围内磁场测量的灵敏度约为1.5 pT/Hz~(1/2),带宽约为2.8 kHz;静磁场测量原理是基于测量铷-氙气室内超极化~(129)Xe的拉莫进动频率,实验上首先测得超极化~(129)Xe的横向、纵向弛豫时间分别约为20.6和21.5 s,然后通过标定给出静磁场测量精度约为9.4 pT,测量范围超过50μT.相比无自旋交换弛豫原子磁力仪,该磁力仪在同一体系内实现了交流磁场与静磁场的测量,且交流磁场测量具有更大的带宽,静磁场测量可在地磁场下正常工作,将有望应用于地磁测量、基础物理等方面的研究.     

K~+-Na~+二次离子交换制作玻璃波导

通过数值计算模拟了K + Na+ 二次扩散玻璃波导的折射率轮廓 ,阐述了利用K + Na+ 二次离子交换的方法 ,在BK7玻璃上制作波导的过程 ,分析了极化率不同的扩散离子对的选择对波导有效折射率变化的影响 ,以及扩散平衡时体积变化对表面折射率的影响 ,描述了扩散引起的波导内部诱导应力变化 设计了测试波导损耗以及波导表面折射率改变的实验装置 ,对尺寸 1 0mm×1 0mm× 1 .5mm和 1 0mm× 5mm× 1 .5mm两组BK7玻璃基片上的玻璃波导进行了测试 ,测试结果与理论吻合较好     

YBaCuO超导块的厚度和形状对其悬浮力的影响

研究了尺寸分别为Φ30mm× 13.7mm和Φ2 9.5mm× 10 .8mm两块熔融织构单畴YBaCuO高温超导体块材的厚度和形状对它所受到的悬浮力的影响 .利用“高温超导磁悬浮测试系统”逐次测试了YBaCuO在不同厚度和不同形状时所受到的悬浮力 ,然后测量了样品在悬浮力测试过程中的俘获磁通 ,并对实验结果进行了分析 .     

磁约束等离子体推进器磁体系统的电磁力和机械应力分析

根据磁约束等离子体推进器磁体系统的设计参数,通过ANSYS有限元分析软件在电磁-结构耦合场方面的计算,得到磁体系统的轴向电磁力和机械应力的分布。计算超导磁体在通电情况下,磁体中平面上所有节点所受的轴向电磁压缩力以及磁体间的相互作用力;计算出磁体外层用不锈钢钢丝加固前后机械应力分布情况的变化。     

临界电流磁矢量分析法在YBCO线圈上的验证

高温超导磁体临界电流磁矢量分析法准确地预测了BSCCO高温超导磁体的临界电流,为了进一步验证该方法预测YBCO高温超导磁体临界电流的准确性,文中作者用9.3m二代高温超导YBCO带材绕制了一个内径为70mm,外径为100mm,共35匝的单饼,测试了单饼5-15匝,15-25匝,25-35匝和5-35匝在77K下的临界电流,并用磁矢量分析法进行了仿真分析。通过对比发现,仿真分析和实验结果的误差在5%左右,最大误差是6.75%,最小误差是4.77%,验证了磁矢量分析法在预测YBCO高温超导磁体临界电流时的准确性。     

Evaluation of magnetic force distribution on a pair of superconducting bulk magnets

We study the construction of superconducting permanent magnets by RE123 bulk materials and the investigation of these industrial applications such as a magnetic separation. A bulk magnet can generate strong magnetic fields exceeding 2 T, which is the limit of ordinary iron-cored electromagnets, in a compact device with a low running cost. A magnetic field distribution of the bulk magnet is a cone shape, and it contributes to an increase of magnetic force which is proportional to the product of a magnetic field and its gradient. It is important to evaluate magnetic force when the application of the bulk magnet is discussed. In this paper, two Gd123 bulk materials of 65 mm in diameter were magnetized using a pair of superconducting bulk magnet system and three-axis components of magnetic flux density (B_x,⋅B_y, and B_z) in an open space between the magnetic poles were scanned with pitch of 2 mm in each direction. From these measured data, the axial and radial components of magnetic force factor, B_z⋅dB_z/dz and B_r⋅dB_r/dr, were calculated. At 10 mm gap, the B_z⋅dB_z/dz value reached 180.6 T²/m for a field of 2.33 T, which is comparable to B_z = 6.76 T for a common 10 T–100 mm∅ superconducting magnet.     

Three dimensional magnetic resonance imaging by magnetic resonance force microscopy with a sharp magnetic needle

An electropolished magnetic needle made of Nd(2)Fe(14)B permanent magnet was used for obtaining better spatial resolution than that achieved in our previous work. We observed the magnetic field gradient |G(Z)|=80.0G/microm and the field strength B=1250G at Z approximately 8.8 microm from the top of the needle. The use of this needle for three dimensional magnetic resonance force microscopy at room temperature allowed us to achieve the voxel resolution to be 0.6 microm x 0.6 microm x 0.7 microm in the reconstructed image of DPPH phantom. The acquisition time spent for the whole data collection over 64 x 64 x 16 points, including an iterative signal average by six times per point, was about 10 days.     

Single point measurements of magnetic field gradient waveform

Pulsed magnetic field gradients are fundamental to spatial encoding and diffusion weighting in magnetic resonance. The ideal pulsed magnetic field gradient should have negligible rise and fall times, however, there are physical limits to how fast the magnetic field gradient may change with time. Finite gradient switching times, and transient, secondary, induced magnetic field gradients (eddy currents) alter the ideal gradient waveform and may introduce a variety of undesirable image artifacts. We have developed a new method to measure the complete magnetic field gradient waveform. The measurement employs a heavily doped test sample with short MR relaxation times (T(1), T(2), and T(2)(*)<100 micros) and a series of closely spaced broadband radiofrequency excitations, combined with single point data acquisition. This technique, a measure of evolving signal phase, directly determines the magnetic field gradient waveform experienced by the test sample. The measurement is sensitive to low level transient magnetic fields produced by eddy currents and other short and long time constant non-ideal gradient waveform behaviors. Data analysis is particularly facile permitting a very ready experimental check of gradient performance.     

Sensitivity analysis for estimation of power losses in magnetic cores using neural network

Experimental data from a sample of 42 cores made from grain oriented 0.27 mm thick 3% SiFe electrical steel with dimensions ranging from 35 to 160 mm outer diameter, 25-100 mm inner diameter and 10-70 mm strip width and a flux density range 0.2-1.7 T have been obtained at 50 Hz and used as training data to a feed forward neural network. An analytical equation for prediction of power loss as depends on input parameters from the results of sensitivity analysis has been obtained. The calculated power losses with the analytical expression have also been compared with power loss obtained from the Preisach model after it has been applied to toroidal cores. The results show the proposed model can be used for estimation of power losses in the toroidal cores.     

Magnetophoresis and diffusion of colloidal particles in a thin layer of magnetic fluids

Experimental and theoretical studies were carried out to investigate the spatial distribution of colloidal particles in magnetic fluids formed under the influence of magnetophoresis and gradient diffusion in a strong magnetic field. Several theoretical models, describing the equilibrium concentration profiles for rigid chain-like and quasispherical aggregates, are discussed. The experiment was made for four samples of magnetic fluids, differing in the average diameter of magnetic particles and the width of the particle size distribution. The analysis of the experimental data shows that the aggregates essentially change the concentration profile, making it nonlinear even in small (2 mm) magnetic fluid samples. Good agreement between the experimental and theoretical curves is observed in the case when the aggregates contain on the average 40-50 particles. The average diameter of single particles, calculated from the concentration profile curves, coincides with the average diameter, found from the magnetogranulometric analysis.     

Efficient magnetic guiding and deflection of atomic beams with moderate velocities

We have studied guidance and deflection of a beam of cesium atoms by a strong toroidal magnetic quadrupole field. The beam guide is made from permanent magnets sustaining a radial field gradient of 2.8 T/cm. Atoms with moderate longitudinal velocities ranging from 30 m/s to 70 m/s were inserted across the 10-mm-diameter aperture of a 24.5° arc with radius 300 mm. We have measured transmission and beam divergence and find good agreement with ray-tracing calculations and analytical estimates. The magnetic beam guide allows for 100% transmission of heavy atoms over large angles. Received: 9 November 1998 / Revised version: 6 April 1999 / Published online: 30 July 1999     

基于SQUID梯度计的单磁源定位及磁矩反演误差分析

磁源定位及磁矩反演技术在空间探测、无损检测以及目标追踪等领域有着广泛的应用前景。利用磁场梯度张量信息进行磁源定位及磁矩反演的思想是在1975年首次提出的,2006年提出的磁性目标线性方程定位方法以其快速准确求解的特点而备受关注。但是,对于该梯度张量矩阵求逆法进行磁源定位的全方位的误差分析仍有待完善。在简要回顾梯度张量矩阵求逆法进行磁源定位的方法的基础上,提出了一种基于该方法的系统误差和随机误差分析的理论;研究结果表明定位误差是由于将差分近似为微分而引起的系统误差和传感器测量的随机误差构成。以目前具有超高精度、超高灵敏度的超导量子干涉仪作为典型磁场测量传感器,分析了梯度张量矩阵求逆法进行磁源定位及磁矩反演误差与传感器分辨率和相对误差水平之间的关系。