原子分子在Pt(100)表面吸附的第一性原理研究

本文系统研究了H、N、O、C、S等原子,N2、NH3、NO、CO等分子和CH3、CH、CH2和OH等自由基在Pt(100)表面的吸附. 从能量上来看,吸附能力从小到大的顺序是N2相似文献   

原子分子在Pt(100)表面吸附的第一性原理研究

本文系统研究了H、N、O、C、S等原子,N2、NH3、NO、CO等分子和CH3、CH、CH2和OH等自由基在Pt(100)表面的吸附. 从能量上来看,吸附能力从小到大的顺序是N2相似文献   

原子分子在Pt(100)表面吸附的第一性原理研究

本文系统研究了H、N、O、C、S等原子,N_2、NH_3、NO、CO等分子和CH_3、CH、CH_2和OH等自由基在Pt(100)表面的吸附.从能量上来看,吸附能力从小到大的顺序是N_2NH_3COCH_3NOHOHNCH2OSCHC.原子类吸附物中H、N、O的最稳定吸附位均为桥位,而S、C则倾向于四重空位.所研究的分子吸附物(N_2、NH3、CO、NO),N_2和NH_3有且只有一种顶位吸附结构,CO和NO均优先吸附在空位.自由基吸附物(CH、CH_2、CH_3、OH)在Pt(100)表面上的吸附,CH_3优先吸附在顶位,CH_2、OH它们的最稳定吸附位均为桥位.原子、分子和自由基吸附后,会引起Pt(100)原子层间距的改变.     

Ⅶ族元素在Si(111)和Ge(111)表面上的吸附

本文用原子集团模型和电荷自洽的EHT方法研究了Ⅶ族元素在Si(111)和Ge(111)表面上的化学吸附。利用能量极小的原则确定了各元素的化学吸附构型。对于Cl,在这两个表面均是顶位吸附。对于Ⅰ,都呈三度空位吸附。对Br,顶位及三度空位吸附均能发生,但是在Si(111)表面顶位吸附要优于三度空位,而在Ge(111)表面则三度空位吸附优于顶位。最后对Ⅶ族元素原子在这两种表面的吸附行为作了讨论,并与实验作了比较。 关键词：     

原子分子在Ni(100)表面吸附的第一性原理研究

本文采用密度泛函理论,结合周期性平板模型,通过对原子H、N、O、S和C,分子CO、N2、NH3、NO,以及自由基CH3、CH、CH2、OH在Ni(100)表面吸附的研究,比较了它们的吸附能,稳定吸附位点,吸附结构及扩散能垒等信息.这些吸附质与表面结合能力从小到大依次是N2NH3COCH3NOHOHCH2CNSONCHC.在所有的原子中,O原子倾向于吸附在桥位,而其余的原子则倾向于吸附在空位.除N2之外的分子吸附物(CO、NO、NH3),最佳吸附位点均为四重空位,而N2的最稳定吸附位置为顶位.对于自由基吸附物(CH、CH2、CN、OH)而言,它们倾向于吸附在四重空位,而CH3则稳定吸附在桥位.     

原子分子在Ni(100)表面吸附的第一性原理研究

本文采用密度泛函理论,结合周期性平板模型,通过对原子H、N、O、S和C,分子CO、N2、NH3、NO,以及自由基CH3、CH、CH2、OH在Ni(100)表面吸附的研究,比较了它们的吸附能,稳定吸附位点,吸附结构及扩散能垒等信息. 这些吸附质与表面结合能力从小到大依次是N2相似文献   

H2在Al12X (X=Al, Ni, Cu)团簇表面解离吸附的第一性原理研究

以Ni和Cu原子中心替换的二十面体Al12X(X=Ni、Cu)团簇为基体、采用密度泛函理论系统计算研究了H原子及H2分子在团簇表面的吸附,并对比了纯Al13团簇对H及H2的吸附,结果表明：相对于纯Al13中H原子的桥位吸附、掺杂团簇Al12X(X=Ni、Cu)中H原子均吸附于团簇顶位;无论是吸附H原子还是H2分子,Al12Ni的几何结构均发生大的畸变;相较H2在纯Al13团簇表面的解离吸附,H2在掺杂团簇Al12X(X=Ni、Cu)表面的解离反应过程中反应能均增大、势垒均降低,这表明掺杂团簇Al12X(X=Ni、Cu)相较纯Al13团簇更有利于H2解离吸附的发生。     

H_2在Al_(12)X(X=Al,Ni,Cu)团簇表面解离吸附的第一性原理研究

以Ni和Cu原子中心替换的二十面体Al_(12)X(X=Ni、Cu)团簇为基体、采用密度泛函理论系统计算研究了H原子及H_2分子在团簇表面的吸附,并对比了纯Al_(13)团簇对H及H2的吸附,结果表明:相对于纯Al_(13)中H原子的桥位吸附、掺杂团簇Al_(12)X(X=Ni、Cu)中H原子均吸附于团簇顶位;无论是吸附H原子还是H_2分子,Al_(12)Ni的几何结构均发生大的畸变;相较H_2在纯Al_(13)团簇表面的解离吸附,H_2在掺杂团簇Al_(12)X(X=Ni、Cu)表面的解离反应过程中反应能均增大、势垒均降低,这表明掺杂团簇Al_(12)X(X=Ni、Cu)相较纯Al_(13)团簇更有利于H_2解离吸附的发生.     

H2O分子在Fe(100), Fe(110), Fe(111)表面吸附的第一性原理研究

采用第一性原理研究了H2O分子在Fe(100),Fe(110),Fe(111)三个高对称晶面上的表面吸附.结果表明,H2O分子在三个晶面上的最稳定结构皆为平行于基底表面的顶位吸附结构.H2O分子与三个晶面相互作用的吸附能及几何结构计算结果表明H2O分子与三个晶面的相互作用程度不同,H2O分子与Fe(111)晶面的相互作用最强,其次是Fe(100),相互作用最弱的是Fe(110)表面,而这与晶面原子的排列密度相关.吸附体系的电子结构计算结果也得出了相似的结论.同时电荷布居分析表明,H2O分子与Fe表面相互作用时,O原子与基底原子之间的电荷交换使基底Fe原子表面带负电,导致表面电位降低,也促使Fe表面更易于发生电化学腐蚀反应.     

含锰钢表面氢原子/氢分子吸附行为的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法研究了氢原子和氢分子在纯铁表面和锰原子掺杂表面的吸附与解离行为.研究结果表明,氢原子可在纯铁(001)表面稳定吸附,吸附能按照顶位,桥位和心位依次增强;而溶质原子锰降低了氢原子距离表面的位置并强化了氢原子的吸附行为.氢分子在纯铁表面的吸附解离行为取决于氢分子距离模型表面的初始距离和初始空间构型.氢分子平行于纯铁(001)表面时,距离心位1.2?发生解离,而桥位、顶位均不会发生解离;氢分子垂直放置时,距离桥位0.6?、顶位1.0?发生解离,心位不会发生解离.氢分子平行于锰掺杂纯铁(001)表面时,距离桥位0.6?、顶位0.7?、心位1.2?发生解离;氢分子垂直放置时,距离桥位、心位0.8?发生解离,而顶位放置氢分子不发生解离.归纳可知,锰溶质原子掺杂会增加铁基体表面氢原子和氢分子的吸附作用并促进氢分子发生分解.     

NH_x(x=1～3)在金属Ir表面吸附与解离的第一性原理研究

采用密度泛函理论,在slab模型下,研究了NH_x(x=1~3)在Ir(100)、Ir(111)和Ir(110)表面上的最稳定吸附位置、几何构型以及逐步脱氢分解过程,计算了相应的吸附能和活化能.计算结果表明,在Ir(100)、Ir(111)面上,NH_3是以C_3轴垂直吸附在顶位,在Ir(110)上,NH_3是以N-Ir键与表面成68.6°吸附在顶位,且吸附能依赖于表面的结构而不同,相比而言,NH_3更容易吸附在开放表面Ir(100)、Ir(110)面上,说明NH_3在这些表面的吸附具有结构敏感性.NH_(x(x=1~3))的分解,在Ir(100),NH_3的吸附与分解存在竞争,在Ir(110)面NH_3最容易分解,在Ir(111)面NH_3是分子性吸附,不能分解.NH_2、NH在三个表面均能够分解,在Ir(110)面活化能均较高.     

Initial stage of adsorption of octithiophene molecules on Cu(111)

The initial stage of the adsorption of octithiophene (8T) molecules on a Cu(111) surface is investigated using a scanning tunneling microscope at room temperature. We find a characteristic molecular chain structure of 8T molecules on a terrace of the Cu(111) surface, which has not been reported so far for adsorption of oligothiophene molecules on metal surfaces. Up to the adsorption of 0.26 monolayer (ML), 8T molecules in the molecular chain align with their long axis parallel to the Cu<11-2> direction. With increasing coverage, there appear 8T molecules that align with their long axis parallel to the Cu<110> direction. The appearance of different molecular orientations is understood by the decrease of the number of the adsorption sites for extending the molecular chains. Fragments of 8T molecules, such as single thiophene molecules, are also observed in this work. They are trapped only at the step edges of the Cu(111) surface at the beginning and later trapped in a small Cu(111) region surrounded by 8T molecules.     

苯并三氮唑缓蚀铜粉中含氧量的测定

研究了不同条件下苯并三氮唑的紫外吸收光谱,最大吸收峰为273 nm,常温下吸收强度不受温度影响,浓度线性范围为0～2.2 μg ·mL-1,检出限为0.02 μg ·mL-1,摩尔吸光系数为5.41×104 L·mol-1·cm-1;建立了苯并三氮唑缓蚀铜粉中含氧量的测定方法。鉴于缓蚀铜粉由金属铜、铜氧化物和苯并三氮唑保护膜组成,用盐酸-H₂O₂分解样品后,分别以EDTA配位滴定和紫外光谱法测定化学缓蚀铜粉中铜和苯并三氮唑含量,差减求出该铜粉含氧量。方法经济,仪器简单,操作方便,标准偏差=1.7%,变异系数为7.6%。结合国家标准方法,通过电解铜粉在成膜前后含氧量分析比较,提出的方法测定结果令人满意。     

Adsorption of L-Alanine on Cu（111） Studied by Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy

The adsorption of L-alanine on Cu（111） surface is studied by means of scanning tunnelling microscopy under ultra-high vacuum conditions. The results show that the adsorbates are chemisorbed on the surface, and can form a two-dimensional gas phase, chain phase and solid phase, depending on deposition rate and amount. The adsorbed molecules can be imaged as individual protrusions and parallel chains in gas and chain phases respectively. It is also found that alanine can form （2 × 2） superstructure on Cu（111） and copper step facet to （110） directions in solid phase. On the basis of our scanning tunnelling microscopic images, a model is proposed for the Cu（111）（2 ×2）-alanine superstructure. In the model, we point out the close link between （110）-direction hydrogen bond chains with the same direction copper step faceting.     

Adsorption and decomposition of HNCO on Cu(111) surface studied by auger electron,electron energy loss and thermal desorption spectroscopy

No detectable adsorbed species were observed after exposure of HNCO to a clean Cu(111) surface at 300 K. The presence of adsorbed oxygen, however, exerted a dramatic influence on the adsorptive properties of this surface and caused the dissociative adsorption of HNCO with concomitant release of water. The adsorption of HNCO at 300 K produced two new strong losses at 10.4 and 13.5 eV in electron energy loss spectra, which were not observed during the adsorption of either CO or atomic N. These loses can be attributed to surface NCO on Cu(111). The surface isocyanate was stable up to 400 K. The decomposition in the adsorbed phase began with the evolution of CO₂. The desorption of nitrogen started at 700 K. Above 800 K, the formation of C₂N₂ was observed. The characteristics of the CO₂ formation and the ratios of the products sensitively depended on the amount of preadsorbed oxygen. No HNCO was desorbed as such, and neither NCO nor (NCO)₂ were detected during the desorption. From the comparison of adsorption and desorption behaviours of HNCO, N, CO and CO₂ on copper surfaces it was concluded that NCO exists as such on a Cu(111) surface at 300 K. The interaction of HNCO with oxygen covered Cu(111) surface and the reactions of surface NCO with adsorbed oxygen are discussed in detail.     

Influence of surface orientation and defects on early-stage oxidation and ultrathin oxide growth on pure copper

We investigate oxidation and oxide growth on single-crystal copper surfaces using reactive molecular dynamics simulation. The kinetics of surface oxide growth are strongly correlated with the microstructure of the metal substrates. Simulating oxide layer growth along the (100), (110), and (111) orientations of crystalline copper, oxidation characteristics are investigated at temperatures of 300?K and 600?K. The oxidation kinetics are found to strongly depend on the surface orientation, ambient temperature, and surface defects. The effect of surface morphology on oxidation characteristics is analyzed by comparing oxygen adsorption on various sites and the structure factor. The surface oxide formed on (100) retains the initial crystal structure in the 300–600?K range. The (100) surface shows the highest oxidation rate at both temperature conditions but saturates, facilitating oxygen adsorption on hollow sites. The oxidation kinetics of the (100) orientation are found to be not significantly affected by surface defects. (110) shows modest oxidation at 300?K but the highest oxidation is observed at 600?K. By surface disorder and reconstruction, the oxide layer is produced continuously. The (111) surface is sensitive to ambient temperature and surface defects, showing that surface reconstruction is a key element for further oxidation. The charge distribution of oxidized Cu atoms indicates multiple groups of stoichiometric oxides, while the fraction of CuO-like characteristics increases significantly on the (110) and (111) orientations at higher temperature (600?K). The energetics and mechanisms of oxidation on Cu metal substrates at the nanoscale are discussed in detail, and comparisons with available experimental and other theoretical studies are presented wherever possible.     

C_2H_x(x=4～6)在Ni(111)表面吸附的DFT研究

采用密度泛函理论与周期平板模型相结合的方法,对物种C_2H_x(x=4～6)在Ni(111)表面的top,fcc,hcp和bridge位的吸附模型进行了结构优化、能量计算,得到了各物种较有利的吸附位;并对最佳吸附位进行密立根电荷和总态密度分析.结果表明:C_2H_6和C_2H_4在Ni(111)表面的最稳定吸附位都是top位,吸附能分别是-36.41和-48.62 kJ·mol~(-1),物种与金属表面吸附较弱;而C_2H_5在Ni(111)表面的最稳定吸附位hcp的吸附能是-100.21 kJ·mol~(-1),物种与金属表面较强;三物种与金属表面之间都有电荷转移,属于化学吸附.     

苯并三氮唑对铜和铁缓蚀作用的拉曼光谱研究

本文利用现场拉曼光谱研究了中性含氯离子溶液中苯并三氮唑在铜和铁电极表面的吸附以及成膜行为,结果表明苯并三氮唑能强烈地化学吸附于铜电极和铁电极表面,形成类似［Ｍｎ（ＢＴＡ）ｐ］的配合物膜,一定程度上阻止了膜内外物质的交换,对金属起缓蚀作用。另一方面两种金属表面配合物膜均具有电位依赖性：在铜电极表面,当外加电位由－０．５Ｖ负移至－０．９Ｖ时,发生了由［Ｃｕ（Ⅰ）（ＢＴＡ）］ｎ向［Ｃｕ（Ⅰ）Ｃｌ（ＢＴＡＨ）］４的转变;而在铁电极表面当外加电位由－０．６Ｖ负移至－１．２Ｖ时,最初形成的表面配合物［Ｆｅｎ（ＢＴＡ）ｐ］则很可能转变成类似于［Ｆｅｎ（Ｃｌ）ｐ（ＢＴＡＨ）ｍ］的配合物,从而使得ＢＴＡＨ对铜、铁的缓蚀能力均有所下降。