二氧化硫在改性BC_3表面的吸附特性研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法观察修饰不同原子(Mo,Pt,Si)来调控BC_3体系的表面结构和反应活性.研究发现:单个原子吸附在BC_3表面具有不同的稳定位,Pt和Si原子吸附在H1位稳定,而Mo原子吸附在H2位稳定.单个原子在完整结构BC_3表面的扩散势垒较小,而掺杂的原子在单空位缺陷BC_3体系中具有极高的稳定性( 6.5 eV),这些掺杂原子显正电性能够有效地调制BC_3体系的电子结构、磁性以及影响二氧化硫(SO_2)的吸附强弱.与Pt原子掺杂的BC_3体系(Pt-BC_3)相比,单个SO_2分子在Si-和Mo-BC_3体系上的吸附能较大,表现出较高的灵敏特性.该研究为设计类石墨烯基功能纳米材料提供参考.     

CO和O_2分子与TiO_2(110)表面负载Pt单原子的相互作用（英文）

Pt单原子在低温CO氧化反应中具有很高的催化活性.利用扫描隧道显微术与密度泛函理论,研究了Pt单原子在还原性TiO_2(110)表面的吸附行为及其与CO和O_2分子的相互作用.研究发现在80 K低温下,TiO_2表面的氧空位缺陷是Pt单原子的最优吸附位.将CO和O_2分子分别通入Pt单原子吸附后的TiO_2表面,研究相应的吸附构型.实验表明在低覆盖度下,单个Pt原子会俘获一个CO分子,CO分子同时与表面次近邻的五配位Ti原子(Ti_(5c))成键,进而形成非对称的Pt-CO复合物构型.将样品从80 K升温到100 K后,TiO_2表面的CO分子会迁移到Pt-CO处形成Pt-(CO)_2的复合结构.对于O_2分子,单个Pt原子同样会吸附一个O_2分子,O_2分子也会与最近邻或次近邻的Ti_(5c)原子成键形成两种Pt-0_2构型.这些结果在单分子尺度上揭示了CO和O_2与Pt单原子的相互作用,呈现了CO与O_2反应中的初始状态.     

非金属与金属原子共掺杂石墨烯体系的气敏特性研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法研究了非金属N原子和金属原子(M=Mo,Al,Co,Fe,Au和Pt)共掺杂石墨烯体系(M-GN4)的电子结构和表面活性.研究发现:单个金属原子掺杂的GN4体系表现出不同的稳定性,相比掺杂的Au原子,其它的金属原子都具有很高的稳定性( 6. 0 e V).掺杂的金属原子失去电荷显正电性将有助于调控气体分子的吸附特性. Mo-GN4和Al-GN4衬底对吸附的O_2表现出较高的灵敏性,单个CO和O_2分子在Co-GN4和Fe-GN4衬底的吸附能差别较小.此外,吸附不同的气体分子能够有效地调控M-GN4体系的电子结构和磁性变化.     

金衬底调控单层二硫化钼电子性能的第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函的第一性原理研究了金衬底对单层二硫化钼电子性能的调控作用. 从结合能、能带结构、电子态密度和差分电荷密度四个方面进行了深入研究. 结合能计算确定了硫原子层在界面的排布方式, 并指出这种吸附结构并不稳定. 能带结构分析证实了金衬底与单层二硫化钼形成肖特基接触, 并出现钉扎效应. 电子态密度分析表明金衬底并没有影响硫原子和钼原子之间的共价键, 而是通过调控单层二硫化钼的电子态密度增加其导电率. 差分电荷密度分析表明单层二硫化钼的导电通道可能在界面处产生. 研究结果可对单层二硫化钼晶体管的建模和实验制备提供指导.     

PtCu二元金属催化剂抗CO中毒性能的理论研究

基于密度泛函第一性原理研究了M-graphene(M=Pt,Cu,PtCu;graphene:pristine,Stonewales,Single-vacancy graphene)催化剂的抗CO中毒能力.对于纯Pt和纯Cu吸附在石墨烯上时,Pt的吸附能力最强,吸附结构最稳定.当Pt中掺杂Cu后,PtCu二元金属催化剂在石墨烯上的吸附结构的稳定性进一步增强.通过对M-graphene-CO吸附结构的研究,发现以缺陷石墨烯为载体的金属催化剂的抗CO中毒能力优于以原始石墨烯为载体的同种金属催化剂,PtCu二元金属催化剂抗CO中毒能力明显好于纯Pt和纯Cu的抗毒性.因此,缺陷石墨烯载体以及掺杂Cu的PtCu二元金属催化剂,对于提高催化剂的稳定性和抗CO中毒能力起到了重要的作用.     

外电场对NO在Graphene负载的Pd单原子上的吸附特性的调控

本研究中,通过基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理并考虑范德华力修正计算了Graphene负载的Pd单原子界面特性以及NO的吸附特性(包括吸附构型的结构参数、吸附能和电子结构等),并着重研究了电场对其吸附特性的调控规律及其内在机理.结果表明：1) NO在Pd/Graphene上能够形成较强的化学吸附,吸附能为1.09 eV.吸附的NO分子中的N-O键拉长. Pd-d态与NO-p态的强杂化作用都表明NO分子在Pd-Graphene上被活化. 2)在电场作用下Graphene负载的单原子Pd上的电荷随施加的电场逐渐变化. 3)跟没有施加电场的NO吸附的体系相比,当对NO吸附体系施加沿Z正方向的电场时,NO的吸附增加,吸附的NO从衬底获得更多的负电荷,而Pd所带的正电荷逐步减少;当对NO吸附体系施加沿Z负方向的电场时,NO的吸附减弱,吸附的NO从衬底获得的负电荷逐渐减少,而Pd所带的正电荷逐步增加. 4)外加电场能够有效地调控NO的吸附特性,并调控NO与衬底之间的电荷转移进而调控其电子结构.     

H2O在Pt(100)表面的预吸附态与高迁移性能

本文采用ASED-MO方法,计算了H₂O分子在Pt(100)面上不同吸附取向、不同吸附位置时的结合能,以及表面扩散激活能和扩散系数.计算结果表明,H₂0分子必须通过氢原子朝向衬底的预吸附态.才能进人氧原子朝向衬底的垂直顶位化学吸附状态.当H₂O分子处于上述预吸附态时,势能面极为平坦,扩散系数大,迁移性高. 关键词：     

CO和O2分子与TiO2(110)表面负载Pt单原子的相互作用

Pt单原子在低温CO氧化反应中具有很高的催化活性. 利用扫描隧道显微术与密度泛函理论，研究了Pt单原子在还原性TiO₂(110)表面的吸附行为及其与CO和O₂分子的相互作用. 研究发现在80 K低温下，TiO₂表面的氧空位缺陷是Pt单原子的最优吸附位. 将CO和O₂分子分别通入Pt单原子吸附后的TiO₂表面，研究相应的吸附构型. 实验表明在低覆盖度下，单个Pt原子会俘获一个CO分子，CO分子同时与表面次近邻的五配位Ti原子(Ti_5c)成键，进而形成非对称的Pt-CO 复合物构型. 将样品从80 K升温到100 K后，TiO₂表面的CO分子会迁移到Pt-CO处形成Pt-(CO)₂的复合结构. 对于O₂分子，单个Pt原子同样会吸附一个O₂分子，O₂分子也会与最近邻或次近邻的Ti_5c原子成键形成两种Pt-O₂构型. 这些结果在单分子尺度上揭示了CO和O₂与Pt单原子的相互作用，呈现了CO与O₂反应中的初始状态.     

第一性原理研究气体小分子吸附的石墨烯负载金属原子体系

石墨烯负载的单个金属原子体系(M-gra)具有高的结构稳定性,显正电性的金属原子可作为活性位用在气敏器件和催化材料.本文采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法研究单个有毒气体小分子(NO和CO)在M-gra表面的吸附特性.研究结果表明:单个NO分子吸附的稳定性高于CO分子,由于其能够从反应衬底获得更多的转移电荷,因此,M-gra衬底对NO分子表现出高的灵敏度.此外,不同小分子吸附能够改变M-gra体系的电荷密度和自旋电荷分布,进而使得气体分子吸附体系表现出不同大小的磁矩.通过对比气体分子吸附前后M-gra体系的磁矩变化,能够有效判断吸附分子和反应衬底的类型.     

三明治结构graphene-2Li-graphene的储氢性能

本文使用密度泛函理论中的广义梯度近似对扩展三明治结构graphene-2Li-graphene的几何结构、电子性质和储氢性能进行计算研究.计算得知:位于单层石墨烯中六元环面心位上方的单个Li原子与基底之间的结合能最大(1.19 eV),但小于固体Li的实验内聚能(1.63 eV),然而,在双层石墨烯之间的单个Li原子与基底的结合能增加到3.41 eV,远大于固体Li的实验内聚能,因此位于双层石墨烯之间的多个Li原子不会成簇,有利于进一步储氢.扩展三明治结构graphene-2Li-graphene中每个Li原子最多可以吸附3个H_2分子,储氢密度高达10.20 wt.%,超过美国能源部制定的5.5 wt.%的目标.该体系对1—3个H_2分子的平均吸附能分别为0.37,0.17和0.12 eV,介于物理吸附和化学吸附(0.1—0.8 eV)之间,因此该体系可以实现常温常压下对H_2的可逆吸附.通过对态密度分析可知,每个Li原子主要通过电场极化作用吸附多个H_2分子.动力学和巨配分函数计算表明graphene-2Li-graphene结构对H_2分子具有良好的可逆吸附性能.该研究可以为开发良好的储氢材料提供一个好的研究思路,为实验工作提供理论依据.     

Surface strain versus substrate interaction in heteroepitaxial metal layers: Pt on Ru(0001)

By studying the adsorption of CO on up to 30 layers of Pt deposited on Ru(0001) the influence of surface strain on the adsorption energy has been disentangled from the residual chemical interaction with the substrate. While the electronic influence of the substrate has largely vanished for three Pt layers, the effect of surface strain due to the 2.5% lattice mismatch of Pt and Ru remains initially intact and is only gradually released for n>/=5 Pt layers. Electronic structure calculations confirm the experimental observations, in particular, the dramatic decrease of the CO adsorption energy on a single Pt layer which is caused by the strong Pt-Ru interlayer coupling.     

Local reactivity of ultrathin platinum overlayers and surface alloys on a gold surface

The geometric and electronic structure, the stability, and CO adsorption properties of pseudomorphic Pt overlayers and PtAu surface alloys on a Au(1 1 1) substrate have been addressed on the basis of first-principles calculations. We have found that two-monolayer thick surface alloys are more stable than one-monolayer thick alloys. The CO binding energies at the top sites of two-monolayer thick surface alloys increase gradually with the Pt concentration, while the energies are almost independent of the concentration for one-monolayer thick surface alloys. This difference is caused by the lower symmetry of the two-monolayer thick surface alloys, which makes the effect of neighboring atoms in the first layer more important.     

Ag(111)和Au(111)上铋的初始生长行为

半金属铋(Bi)的表面合金具有的Rashba效应,和其具体结构性质有重要关联.本文结合扫描隧道显微镜(STM)和密度泛函理论(DFT),系统地研究了Bi原子在Ag(111)和Au(111)上的不同初始生长行为.在室温Ag(111)上,连续的Ag₂Bi合金薄膜会优先在Ag台阶边缘形成;在570 K Ag(111)上,随着覆盖度增加到0.33分子层(ML),Bi优先取代配位数低的台阶边原子并从单原子随机分布转变为长程有序的Ag₂Bi合金相;随着覆盖度增加,Ag₂Bi通过退合金过程转变成p×3^1/2结构的Bi膜.Bi在室温和570 K的Au(111)上的生长行为一致:在覆盖度低于0.40 ML时,Bi会优先吸附在配位为5的Au原子上,并以单原子和团簇的形式分别分散在Au(111)的密堆积区域和鱼骨纹重构的拐角处;随着覆盖度增加到0.60 ML,无序的Bi会逐渐转变成长程有序的((37)^1/2×(37)^1/2)相;Bi的吸附会导致Au(111)表面应力逐步释放.Bi在Ag(111)和Au(111)上的不同生长行为表明,Bi原子与衬底之间的相互作用起着关键作用.     

Adsorption of Au and Pt dimers on Ge(001) and Si(001): A first-principles study

Based on first-principles total energy calculations, the adsorption of Au and Pt dimers on Ge(001) and Si(001) surfaces are investigated. We find that the Au dimer on both Ge(001) and Si(001) show a similar result with the most stable configuration C, parallel to the substrate dimer row and located in the trough between the dimer rows, and the most unstable configuration A, parallel to and on the top of the substrate dimer row. On the other hand, Pt dimer on Ge(001) prefer the configuration D, perpendicular to the substrate dimer row and located in the trough between the dimer rows, while Pt dimer on Si(001) prefer both A and D configurations. The different structural stabilities of Au and Pt dimers on Ge(001) and Si(001) surfaces are attributed to the different electronic structures of Au and Pt atoms. These results are discussed with the reported data for III, IV and V group elements on Si(001).     

氮掺杂双层石墨烯吸附钠的第一性原理研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一性原理方法,对Na在本征双层石墨烯(PBLG)和不同掺杂浓度的N掺杂石墨烯(NBLG)表面的吸附性质进行了研究.确定了不同N掺杂浓度时NBLG的最稳定N分布结构,计算了Na在PBLG和不同掺杂浓度的NBLG表面的吸附能.计算结果表明,N原子掺杂倾向于取代对位或次临近位置的C原子,并与下层C原子相对;随着N掺杂浓度的增加,吸附高度逐渐增加,且与掺杂N原子分布相匹配; Na在PBLG表面吸附使平均层间距增加,而在NBLG表面吸附使之减小; Na与C_(27)N_9表面的结合最稳定.     

Structures of Pt clusters on graphene by first-principles calculations

The interactions between Pt_n clusters (n?13) and a graphene sheet have been investigated by first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. For single Pt-atom and Pt₂-dimer adsorptions, the stable adsorption sites are bridge sites between neighboring carbon atoms. When the number of Pt atoms in a cluster increases, the Pt-C interaction energy per contacting Pt atom becomes smaller. For smaller clusters (3?n?7), the adsorption as a vertical planar cluster is more stable than that as parallel planar or three-dimensional (3D) clusters, due to the stability of a planar configuration itself and the stronger planar-edge/graphene interaction, while the adsorption as a parallel planer cluster becomes stable for larger cluster (n?7) via the deformation of the planar configuration so as to attain the planar-edge/graphene contact. For much larger clusters (n?10), the adsorption as a 3D cluster becomes the most stable due to the stability of the 3D configuration itself as well as substantial Pt-C interactions of edge or corner Pt atoms. The interfacial interaction between a Pt cluster and graphene seriously depends on the shape and size of a cluster and the manner of contact on a graphene sheet.     

IR spectroscopy of adsorbed dinitrogen: a sensitive probe of defect sites on Pt(111)

Fourier transform infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (FT-IRAS) has been used to probe the non-dissociative adsorption of N₂ on an atomically clean Pt(111) single crystal. In contradiction to a previous IRAS study of nitrogen adsorption on a Pt(111) foil at 120 K, no nitrogen infrared (IR) band was observed on a fully annealed Pt(111) surface at 90 K. Following Ar⁺ ion bombardment, adsorption of nitrogen at 90 K produces an intense IR band at 2222 cm⁻¹ attributed to the N---N stretching mode of molecular nitrogen adsorbed on defect sites produced by ion bombardment. Annealing the Ar⁺ ion sputtered surface to a temperature above 750 K completely suppresses the adsorption of nitrogen at 90 K. Based on these and other results, we postulate that nitrogen adsorbs at 90 K mainly on monovacancies on platinum. We suggest that this specific adsorption occurs by sigma donation from nitrogen to the base of monovacancy sites which possess a low d-electron density compared to surface Pt atoms.     

团簇ConAgm (n +m =13)表面吸附C2H4的第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算方法,本文对ConAgm(n+m=13)团簇的几何结构进行优化后,研究了C2H4分子在这类团簇的表面吸附行为,讨论了团簇的平均结合能、二阶能量差分、稳定性、DOS以及吸附前后键长的变化情况。结果表明,C2H4在团簇top位的吸附主要为物理吸附,而在face位和bridge位的吸附主要为化学吸附。吸附后,C2H4@Ag13的稳定性高于C2H4@Co13,且在face位吸附时C2H4@Co2Ag11的结构最为稳定。随着Co原子数的增加,团簇中原子间成键能力减弱,而d电子轨道则呈现出较强的相互作用,并导致其向能量相对高处发生转移     

Electronic structures and vibrational properties of coronene on Ru(0001): first-principles study

We calculate the configurations, electronic structures, vibrational properties at the coronene/Ru(0001) interface, and adsorption of a single Pt atom on coronene/Ru(0001) based on density functional theory calculations. The geometric structures and electronic structures of the coronene on Ru(0001) are compared with those of the graphene/Ru(0001). The results show that the coronene/Ru(0001) can be a simplified model system used to describe the interaction between graphene and ruthenium. Further calculations of the vibrational properties of coronene molecule adsorbed on Ru(0001) suggest that the phonon properties of differently corrugated regions of graphene on Ru(0001) are different. This model system is also used to investigate the selective adsorption of Pt atoms on graphene/Ru(0001). The configurations of Pt on coronene/Ru(0001) with the lowest binding energy give clues to explain the experimental observation that a Pt cluster selectively adsorbs on the second highest regions of graphene/Ru(0001). This work provides a simple model for understanding the adsorption properties and vibrational properties of graphene on Ru(0001) substrate.     

硼掺杂双层石墨烯吸附钠的第一性原理研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一性原理方法,对Na在本征双层石墨烯(PBLG)和不同掺杂浓度的B掺杂石墨烯(BBLG)表面的吸附性质进行了研究.确定了不同B掺杂浓度时BBLG的最稳定B分布结构,计算了Na在PBLG和不同掺杂浓度的BBLG表面的吸附能.计算结果表明,B原子掺杂倾向于占据上层中对位或次临近位置,并与下层中六边形碳环中心相对,B_4C_(32)的形成能最小;B掺杂浓度的增加使BBLG中上层石墨烯片层结构起伏增大,而对下层影响较小;Na在BBLG表面吸附高度和平均层间距受上层结构起伏影响显著;Na倾向于吸附在B_9C_(27)表面B原子的上方,使原始平面结构产生起伏,Na与B_9C_(27)表面的结合最稳定.