基于全相位滤波技术的光纤表面等离子体共振传感解调算法

基于生物样品检测对折射率传感的迫切需求,构建一种全光纤表面等离子体共振(surface plasmon resonance,SPR)系统,并针对其设计了基于全相位滤波技术的SPR特征波长传感解调算法.基于系统仿真,理论计算了光纤SPR传感器的折射率传感灵敏度.采用全相位滤波技术提取光纤SPR传感器透射光谱的特征波长,理论推导了全相位滤波器的解析表达式.实验结果表明,使用本算法的光纤SPR传感器折射率传感灵敏度为1640.4 nm/RIU,折射率检测的分辨率是7.36×10~(-4)RIU,与传统方法相比,有效提高了系统的检测精度和抗光源扰动性能,降低了实验成本.     

基于表面等离子体共振的新型超宽带微结构光纤传感器研究

基于表面等离子体共振的微结构光纤传感器具有高灵敏、免标记和实时监控等优点.如今,由于此类传感器广泛应用于食品安全控制、环境检测、生物分子分析物检测等诸多领域而受到大量研究.然而,目前所报道的绝大多数此类传感器只能应用于可见光或近中红外传感.因此,对可应用于中红外传感的表面等离子体共振微结构光纤传感器的研究是一项极具挑战性的工作.基于此,本文设计了一种可以工作在近红外和中红外区域的新型高灵敏表面等离子体共振微结构光纤传感器.传感器采用双芯单样品通道结构,该结构不仅可以消除相邻样品通道间的相互干扰和提高传感器的信噪比,还可以在超宽带波长范围内实现高灵敏检测.采用全矢量有限元法对其传感特性进行了系统的研究,研究结果表明:当待测样品折射率分布在1.423—1.513范围内时,传感器不仅可以在1.548—2.796μm的超宽带波长范围内进行工作,而且其平均灵敏度高达13964 nm/RIU.此外,传感器的最高波长灵敏度和折射率分辨率分别为17900 nm/RIU,5.59×10^–7 RIU.     

High sensitivity dual core photonic crystal fiber sensor for simultaneous detection of two samples

The optical control ability of photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is a distinctive property suitable for improving sensing and plasma performance. This article proposes a dual-core D-channel PCF sensor that can detect two samples simultaneously, which effectively solves the problems of coating difficulty and low wavelength sensitivity. The PCF has four layers of air holes, which dramatically reduces the optical fiber loss and is more conducive to the application of sensors in actual production. In addition, by introducing dual cores on the upper and lower sides of the central air hole, reducing the spacing between the core and the gold nanolayer, a stronger evanescent field can be generated in the cladding air hole. The optical fiber sensor can detect the refractive index of two samples simultaneously with a maximum sensitivity of 21300 nm/RIU. To the best of our knowledge, the sensitivity achieved in this work is the highest sensitivity with the dual sample synchronous detection sensors. The detection range of the refraction index is 1.35-1.41, and the resolution of the sensor is 4.695×10^-6. Overall, the sensor will be suitable for medical detection, organic chemical sensing, analyte detection, and other fields.     

All polymer asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer waveguide sensor by imprinting bonding and laser polishing

We present an all polymer asymmetric Mach–Zehnder interferometer(AMZI) waveguide sensor based on imprinting bonding and laser polishing method. The fabrication methods are compatible with high accuracy waveguide sensing structure. The rectangle waveguide structure of this sensor has three sensing surfaces contacting the test media, and its sensing accuracy can be increased 5 times compared with that of one surface sensing structure. An AMZI device structure is designed. The single mode condition, the length of the sensing arm, and the length deviation between the sensing arm and the reference arm are optimized. The length deviation is optimized to be 19.8 μm in a refractive index range between1.470 and 1.545. We fabricate the AMZI waveguide by lithography and wet etching method. The imprinting bonding and laser polishing method is proposed and investigated. The insertion loss is between-80.36 dB and-10.63 dB. The average and linear sensitivity are 768.1 d B/RIU and 548.95 dB/RIU, respectively. And the average and linear detection resolution of the sensor are 1.30×10~(-6) RIU(RIU: refractive index unit) and 1.82×10~(-5) RIU, respectively. This sensor has a fast and cost-effective fabrication process which can be used in the cases of requiring portability and disposability.     

基于D型双芯PCF的近红外宽检测范围SPR折射率传感器

现有报道的PCF-SPR折射率传感器的检测范围普遍较窄,不能实现低折射率的检测,且工作波段多数集中在可见光或通信波段,这限制了传感器的应用范围.鉴于此,提出了一种基于D型双芯PCF结构的SPR传感器,使用氧化铟锡作为等离子体材料沉积在D型PCF抛光表面,并对该传感器的理论模型进行了分析,包括金属参数对传感性能的影响,P...     

基于光谱解调的对称波导型表面等离子体共振传感研究

表面等离子体共振(SPR)传感系统有角度谱、光谱、强度、相位等解调方式,其中光谱型的(SPR)传感系统因可以使用光纤导光,将传感部分独立出来,可进行远距离传感和现场检测,并能有效缩小系统的体积。对称光波导型(SOW)SPR因金属膜层两边的折射率完全相同,表面等离子体波传播距离更长,穿透深度更深,比传统的SPR系统具有更高的灵敏度和分辨率。对对称波导型(SOW)SPR进行光谱解调研究,以MgF₂-Au-MgF₂结构的SOW-SPR为传感单元,同时以光纤输出的卤素灯为光源, 搭建了一套光谱解调的SOW-SPR检测系统,以不同浓度的葡萄糖溶液对系统折射率分辨率进行测量,得到2.8×10-7 RIU的分辨率。为SOW-SPR系统小型化、现场检测以及远距离探测提出一种可能实现的手段,具有很好的应用前景。     

波长调制型表面等离子体共振的传感特性研究

表面等离子体共振(SPR)光学传感器能实现生物医学的快速、 无标记、 高精度检测,是生物化学分析的重要方法。 研制了基于波长调制型的Kretschmann结构表面等离子体共振(SPR)生物传感系统,研究了在体溶液传感方式下的传感性能。 利用不同浓度的乙醇和乙二醇溶液进行体溶液传感测试。 实验结果表明,在折射率低时共振波长对折射率变化响应的灵敏度低,但响应的线性度高;随着折射率增大,共振波长对折射率的响应变化的灵敏度提高。 在1.407 0～1.430 RIU折射率范围内,灵敏度高达11 487 nm·RIU-1。 传感器的共振波长的稳定性为0.213 8 nm,可分辨最小折射率趋近10-6 RIU。 所研制的波长调制型表面等离子共振传感器操作简单、 灵敏度高、 检测范围大,可实现浓度极低生物标记物的有效检测,在化学、 生物传感领域有重要的应用。     

Sensitivity enhancement for a multimode fiber sensor with an axisymmetric metal grating layer

This paper proposes a novel design for a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) fiber sensor with an axisymmetric sub-wavelength metal grating layer. The relationship between the sensor performance (the sensitivity S and the quality factor Q of the SPR dip) and the characteristic parameters are investigated. Numerical simulation results show that the proposed sensor can achieve a maximum sensitivity of 13,000 nm/RIU (refractive index unit) for a refractive index range from 1.3 to 1.4.     

基于椭球封闭空气腔的光纤复合法布里-珀罗结构折射率传感特性研究

提出了基于微椭球型空气腔的在线型光纤复合法布里-珀罗干涉结构,并对其折射率传感特性进行了研究.椭球型空气微腔是利用光纤熔接机对实芯光子晶体光纤和单模光纤以特定的熔接参数熔接形成.用高斯光束模型和ABCD法则分析了椭球型空气腔的腔内损耗,建立了电磁场在复合法布里-珀罗干涉结构中传播的物理模型.根据腔长比值的不同,环境折射率对干涉条纹的影响有对比度调制和波长调制,主要研究了一种波长调制型复合法布里-珀罗结构折射率传感器.仿真结果表明该折射率传感器在1—1.6范围内不出现折射率转折点;实验结果表明在1.333—1.466范围内,折射率灵敏度～37.088 nm·RIU-1,分辨率约为2.69×10-5.该光纤复合法布里-珀罗结构干涉条纹对比度高、体积小、成本低,用于折射率测量可靠性高、分辨率高、无折射率拐点、温度串扰小.     

High-Sensitivity Sensor Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance Enhanced Lateral Optical Beam Displacements

We present a new optical sensor based on surface plasmon resonance （SPIt） enhanced lateral optical beam displacements. Compared with the traditional SPIt methods, the new method provides higher sensitivity to the sensor system. Theoretical simulations show that the refractive index （RI） detection sensitivity of the SPR sensor based on the displacement measurement has a strong dependence on the thickness of the metal film. When the optimal thickness of the metal film is selected, the RI resolutlon of the SPIt sensor is predicted to be 2.2 × 10^-7 refractive index units （RIU）. Furthermore, it is found that the incidence angle can be used as a parameter to adjust the operating range of the sensor to different refractive index ranges.     

Sensitivity improvement of aluminum-based far-ultraviolet nearly guided-wave surface plasmon resonance sensor

An aluminum (Al) based nearly guided-wave surface plasmon resonance (NGWSPR) sensor is investigated in the far-ultraviolet (FUV) region. By simultaneously optimizing the thickness of Al and dielectric films, the sensitivity of the optimized Al-based FUV-NGWSPR sensor increases from 183°/RIU to 309°/RIU, and its figure of merit rises from 26.47 RIU^-1 to 32.59 RIU^-1 when the refractive index of dielectric increases from 2 to 5. Compared with a traditional FUV-SPR sensor without dielectric, the optimized FUV-NGWSPR sensor can realize simultaneous improvement of sensitivity and figure of merit. In addition, the FUV-NGWSPR sensor with realistic materials (diamond, Ta₂O₅, and GaN) is also investigated, and 137.84%, 52.70%, and 41.89% sensitivity improvements are achieved respectively. This work proposes a method for performance improvement of FUV-SPR sensors by exciting nearly guided-wave, and could be helpful for the high-performance SPR sensor in the short-wavelength region.     

契形结构光纤表面等离子体共振传感器研究

提出了一种契形端面结构的光纤表面等离子体共振(SPR)传感器激励模型. 采用时域有限差分法对契形SPR波导的共振模型进行数值模拟, 通过在光纤出射端抛磨契形角度并进行敏感膜修饰, 制出具有契形端面结构的类Kretschmann微棱镜式光纤SPR传感器, 实现激发SPR的光波调制.结果表明, 在1.3330–1.4215折射率范围内, 制备的契形光纤SPR传感器相对于常规光纤SPR传感器, 其平均灵敏度提高了近1–6倍, 1倍和6倍分别出现在小角度结构(15° 契形) 传感器和大角度结构(60°契形) 传感器, 且仍保持 10^-5 等级的分辨率. 该类型结构的传感器具有契形端面激励模式, 设计灵活性高、制备工艺简单、可微量检测样本等优点, 能够很好地适应于不同环境和测量条件的实际生化检测、环境监测需求. 关键词： 光纤传感器 表面等离子体共振 契形端面结构 折射率灵敏度     

复合金属光栅模式分离与高性能气体传感器应用

为实现近红外波段表面等离子体共振(SPR)模式的分裂和移动, 同时提高光栅基SPR传感器的品质因数, 提出了一种由双金属光栅构成的新型复合结构光栅, 并研究了其气体传感特性. 运用有限时域差分算法对该结构进行了数值模拟, 发现由复合金属光栅激发的SPR出现模式分裂的现象. 通过增大双金属光栅阵列间的相对位移改变原结构的对称性, 导致复合金属光栅分裂的SPR模式朝相反方向移动. 当相对位移量进一步增大到双光栅合并成新的单一光栅时, 随光栅结构对称性的恢复, 分裂的两共振模式最后又重新合并为一个模式. 如果待测物的折射率为1.01≤n_a≤1.05, 当相对位移量为0时, 基于复合光栅结构气体传感器的折射率灵敏度为1207.5 nm/RIU, 且品质因数达到1290.7; 当相对位移量为100 nm时, 与双共振模式对应的折射率灵敏度分别为1205.0 nm/RIU和1210.0 nm/RIU, 品质因数分别为1295.4和762.3. 因此, 复合光栅SPR传感器具有超高品质因数的性能, 使得它在生物化学传感领域中有巨大的应用潜力.     

基于表面等离子体共振和定向耦合的D形光子晶体光纤折射率和温度传感器

利用光子晶体光纤结构的灵活性和性能的优越性, 设计了一种基于D形光子晶体光纤的折射率和温度传感器. 在D形光子晶体光纤表面抛磨并镀上金纳米薄膜, 作为表面等离子体共振传感通道用来测量液体折射率; 在包层的一个空气孔中填充温敏液体甲苯, 作为定向耦合通道实现对温度的测量. 进一步的数值计算发现, 基于定向耦合效应的温度传感和基于表面等离子体共振的折射率传感相互独立, D形光子晶体光纤同时进行折射率和温度传感检测. 在各向异性的完美匹配层边界条件下利用全矢量有限元法对该传感器特性进行了数值研究, 发现D形光子晶体光纤的空气孔直径决定了定向耦合吸收峰的中心波长和温度传感的灵敏度, 金薄膜的厚度和D形结构的抛磨深度仅影响表面等离子体共振峰的相对强度. 结果表明: 该传感器在-10–80 ℃的温度范围内具有11.6 nm/℃的温度灵敏度, 在1.34–1.44折射率范围内折射率灵敏度最高可达26000 nm/RIU.     

螺旋形塑料光纤表面等离子体共振折射率传感器

研究了基于波长调制的螺旋形塑料光纤(plastic optical fiber, POF)表面等离子体共振(surface plasmon resonance, SPR)折射率传感器。采用机械热压和扭曲法将塑料光纤制备成螺旋形,在螺旋形POF上通过磁控溅射蒸镀一定厚度(约50 nm)的金属薄膜来激励SPR效应,从而形成螺旋形POF-SPR传感器。通过对螺旋形POF-SPR传感器的结构进行修饰,研究不同结构参数对折射率传感特性的影响。实验结果表明:由厚度为500μm扁平形POF扭制、螺纹数为4的螺旋形POF-SPR传感器具有较好的线性度和折射率传感特性,在折射率为1.335～1.400范围内测得的灵敏度为1 262 nm/RIU。该传感器具有成本较低、制备简单、结构稳定等优点。     

Highly sensitive selectively coated D-shape photonic crystal fibers for surface plasmon resonance sensing

We propose a design for a high sensitivity plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor based on photonic crystal fiber (PCF) and analyze the sensor using finite element software (FEM). By introducing a D-shape hole instead of a circular hole in the first ring of the photonic crystal fiber, which increases the coupling effect and proficient infiltration of the sensing, resulting in enhance the performance of the sensor due to the flat structure of the D-shape hole and the homogeneous metal coating facility. We study the influence of the parameters of the D-shape hole on the sensing performance and analyze the sensor performance based on the wavelength and amplitude sensitivity. The results show that the proposed sensor is capable of detecting analyte refractive index ranging from 1.30 to 1.42, and the maximum sensitivities of 14,600 nm/RIU and 1475 RIU^?1 can be achieved in this sensing range, respectively. The largest sensor resolutions for wavelength and amplitude sensing are $6.84\times {10}^{?6}$ and $6.78\times {10}^{?6}\text{ RIU}$, and the maximum figure of merits (FOM) of the proposed sensor being 618.     

基于十字连通形环形谐振腔金属-介质-金属波导的折射率传感器和滤波器

提出了由十字连通形环形谐振腔耦合两个金属-介质-金属(metal-insulator-metal, MIM)波导的结构,并用有限元法数值研究了表面等离极化激元在结构中的传输特性.通过对透射谱的研究,系统地分析了MIM结构的传感特性.结果表明,在透射光谱中有三个共振峰,即存在三种共振模式,其中透射峰与材料的折射率呈线性关系.通过对结构参数的优化,得到了折射率灵敏度(S)高达1500 nm/RIU的理论值,相应的传感分辨率为1.33×10~(-4)RIU.更重要的是,灵敏度不受结构参数变化的影响,这意味着传感器的灵敏度不受制造偏差的影响.此外,谐振波长与环形腔中心半径成线性关系,该器件在较大波长范围内实现可调谐带通滤波.透射强度随着波导与环形腔间距的增大而减小,透射带宽同时减小,因此,可以通过控制环形腔与波导的耦合距离来调谐透射强度及透射带宽.研究结果对高灵敏度纳米级折射率传感器和带通滤波器的设计以及在生物传感器方面的应用都具有一定的指导意义.     

Design of a highly sensitive photonic crystal waveguide platform for refractive index based biosensing

In this paper, a photonic crystal waveguide platform on silicon-on-insulator substrate is proposed in order to realize a highly sensitive refractive index based biosensor. Following the design, the analysis of the sensor structure are made by using the three dimensional Finite Difference Time Domain method. The principle of sensing is based on the change in refractive index, which in turn changes the output spectrum of the waveguide. Results show that the sensitivity of the sensor depends mainly on the geometrical properties of the defect region of the photonic crystal structure. The phenomenon is verified for various samples having refractive index ranging from 1 (air) to 1.57 (Bovine serum albumin). Further, the structure is compared with few other conventional photonic crystal waveguide designs to analyze the sensing performance. The estimated value of sensitivity of the sensor is found to be 260 nm/RIU with a detection limit of 0.001 RIU. This high sensitivity can enhance the performance of low-concentration analytes detection.     

芯内双微孔复合腔结构的光纤法布里-珀罗传感器研究

提出了一种基于芯内双微孔复合结构的全光纤干涉传感器结构,建立了传感器反射光谱的理论模型,给出了反射光谱强度与微孔长度、孔内介质折射率、微孔端面反射与损耗系数以及光纤的特性参数间的关系,并模拟了传感器光谱对温度和折射率变化的响应特性.利用193 nm准分子激光器,在普通单模光纤上加工制作了具有复合腔结构的全光纤多参量传感器,进行了传感实验研究.结果表明,该传感器具有优于99%的温度、折射率线性响应度,对应两套温度和折射率灵敏度分别为-0.172 nm/℃,1050.700 nm/RIU和0.004 nm/℃,48.775 nm/RIU,不仅能够实现温度、折射率以及它们的区分测量,还能够应用于气体压力的测量,测量精度可达0.3 kPa.     

Liquid refractive index sensor with three-cascaded microchannels in single-mode fiber fabricated by femtosecond laser-induced water breakdown

Liquid refractive index sensor with three-cascaded microchannels in single-mode fiber was fabricated by femtosecond laser-induced water breakdown. When the liquid is filled in three microchannels across the fiber core, the transmission spectrum of the sensor shows interference peaks. The refractive index of liquid can be sensed accurately based on both the wavelength shift and loss change of interference peaks. The refractive index sensitivities of wavelength shift and loss change reach to as high as ?2,406.1 nm/RIU and ?156.8 dB/RIU, respectively. The sensor is insensitive to the refractive index change of liquid caused by environmental temperature. It can be used for liquid refractive index sensing with high sensitivity, especially for water pollution monitoring.