变分模态分解-排列熵方法用于分布式光纤振动传感系统去噪

提出一种变分模态分解-排列熵的去噪方法,分析并设定排列熵中关键参数和阈值,进而通过排列熵来确定变分模态分解的分解层数值,将分解的各模态进行重构以实现对振动信号的去噪。通过仿真测试来验证该方法在正交性、完备性、信噪比和效率方面的优越性,最后对系统采集的实际振动信号进行去噪处理。实验结果表明,与现有的经验模态分解-相关系数和完全经验模态分解-相关系数方法相比,所提方法对触网、车轮碾压和雨淋三种振动信号具有最优的去噪信噪比(含噪信号与降噪值之比),分别为32.5358 dB、30.5546 dB和29.3435 dB,耗时也较少,分别为1.4432,1.6320,1.2349 s,信号模式识别准确率最高,均在99%以上。     

低信噪比下激波信号奇点检测方法

针对低信噪比下的激波信号检测问题,利用激波信号奇点在小波变换中的路径传递特征及信号奇点小波系数与噪声小波系数明显幅度差异,提出了一种基于信号奇点的连续小波变换检测算法。仿真实验结果表明,在恒定虚警概率下,该方法检测性能相较于能量检测器能提升约3 dB;实际数据实验结果说明,该方法在-3 dB信噪比下检测性能明显优于能量检测器和传统小波多尺度积检测器。      

基于集合经验模态分解和奇异值分解的激光雷达信号去噪

为了提高差分光柱像运动激光雷达(DCIM雷达)探测信噪比,提出了一种基于集合经验模态分解(EEMD)和奇异值分解(SVD)的混合降噪法.由EEMD获得含噪信号多层模态分量,根据各模态分量之间互相关系数的差分量确定主要噪声并予以滤除,利用奇异值分解识别模态分量中的残余噪声并提取有用信号.利用混合降噪法EEMD-SVD和EEMD方法分别对模拟仿真信号和实测激光雷达信号进行降噪处理.结果表明,当模拟噪声标准差在0.05~0.2之间时,相比与未降噪直接反演的湍流廓线,EEMD-SVD方法降噪后反演的湍流廓线信噪比提高了2.718 7dB~6.921 5dB,相应的EEMD方法提高了1.446 1dB~3.366 1dB;两个不同时段DCIM雷达降噪前后反演廓线与探空廓线的对比发现,EEMD-SVD和EEMD两种方法降噪后反演廓线较之于未降噪的反演廓线,信噪比最大提高了2.526 5dB和2.155 6dB.EEMD-SVD的降噪效果优于EEMD,能够更有效地识别和滤除噪声,较大地提高了原始信号的信噪比,获得更准确的大气湍流廓线反演结果.     

二次谐波的变分模态分解和小波阈值函数降噪

针对利用可调谐半导体激光器吸收光谱学(TDLAS)技术测量气体浓度过程中二次谐波谱线存在的外界噪声干扰问题,提出一种基于变分模态分解和小波阈值函数复合算法的二次谐波降噪方法。首先对二次谐波含噪信号进行分解,得到有用固有模态函数(IMF)并进行重构,再对重构信号进行小波阈值函数降噪处理。讨论了变分模态分解中最佳平衡参数的选取,得出最佳平衡参数与含噪信号中噪声成正比的结论。通过改变小波变换的阈值函数改变高频小波系数,以更好地抑制噪声。对实际测量曲线的降噪结果表明,所提出的降噪方法可以在信噪比较低的情况下有效抑制噪声,提取有用的二次谐波信号。     

基于经验模态分解消噪的光纤光栅解调系统

为了提高光纤Bragg光栅解调系统的解调准确度,提出利用经验模态分解对信号进行滤波分析和降噪处理的方法.该方法将经验模态分解得到的固有模态函数,分为信号分量起主导作用模态与噪音分量起主导作用模态,并利用反映信号主要结构的模态对信号进行重构实现去噪.实验表明,解调系统输出信号能够识别出中心波长的位置,精确得到Bragg波长的漂移量,输出谱失真小、信噪比高.对温度实验数据进行曲线拟合,拟合线性度为0.998,提高了系统的解调准确度.     

EEMD自适应去噪在拉曼光谱中的应用

二代小波是公认较好的降噪手段,但是降噪效果依赖于基函数、分解层数和阈值等参数设置。经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition, EMD)无需参数设定,按照频率特性将信号分解成本征模函数(intrinsic mode function, IMF),对IMF滤波,实现了信号自适应去噪。拉曼光谱中信号和噪声交叠集中在极高频段,EMD产生模态混叠问题,影响去噪效果。应用总体平均经验模态分解(ensemble empirical mode decomposition,EEMD)拉曼光谱克服了模态混叠,有效区分出高频信号和噪声,获得了与小波函数相似去噪效果。文中首先对一段非线性非平稳豆油脂拉曼光谱EMD分解,可见模态混叠,EEMD分解出清晰模态的特征分量。然后分别用快速傅里叶变换(fast Fourier transform,FFT)、小波变换(Wavelet)、EMD和EEMD处理含噪光谱,信噪比、均方根误差、相关系数三个方面指标表明FFT高频去噪效果最差,其次是EMD,恰当的Wavelet同EEMD效果相当,EEMD的优势是降噪过程的自适应。最后提出光谱时频分析方法和IMF噪声属性判别准则研究趋势。     

基于双高斯衰减模型的超声回波处理方法

信号降噪与特征提取是超声检测数据处理的关键技术.基于超声信号有特定结构而噪声和超声信号的结构无关,本文提出一种旨在解决强噪声背景下超声回波的参数估计和降噪问题的方法.该方法将超声回波的参数估计和降噪问题转换为函数优化问题,首先根据工程经验建立超声信号的双高斯衰减数学模型,然后根据观测回波和建立的超声信号模型确定目标函数,接着选择人工蜂群算法对目标函数进行优化从而得到参数的最优估计值,最后由估计出的参数根据建立的超声信号数学模型重构出无噪的超声估计信号.通过仿真和实验表明本文方法可以准确估计出信噪比大于-10 dB的含噪超声回波中的无噪信号,且效果优于基于自适应阈值的小波降噪方法和经验模态分解方法;此外相比常用的指数模型和高斯模型,本文提出的双高斯衰减超声信号模型与实测超声信号更接近,其均方误差为9.4×10~(-5),波形相似系数为0.98.     

遗传算法优化变分模态分解提取舰船辐射噪声特征线谱方法

特征线谱提取是舰船目标识别的一个重要研究环节,常采用传统的DEMON谱分析方法,处理过程中,一般对舰船噪声时域信号未予抑噪,低信噪比情况下,传统DEMON谱分析性能差。对此,提出一种采用遗传算法优化变分模态分解方法,用于分解舰船噪声原时域信号,获得抑制噪声后的舰船噪声重构信号,进而有效提取了舰船目标噪声幅度调制特征线谱。该方法首先采用遗传算法优化变分模态分解的两个关键输入参数(分解所取模态个数和惩罚因子),对变分模态分解得到的各阶固有模态分量加以判别,去除噪声主导分量,保留信号主导分量,使重构舰船噪声信号显著抑制了干扰噪声,然后对降噪后的重构信号进行频谱分析,获得目标噪声调制特征线谱。理论分析、仿真和实验数据处理结果表明,相比传统DEMON谱分析法,基于遗传算法优化变分模态分解的舰船噪声特征线谱提取方法具有更好的噪声抑制能力,所获取的舰船噪声幅度调制特征线谱信噪比明显高于传统DEMON方法,具有一定优势,前景良好。     

基于小波分解和Duffing振子的变尺度微弱信号检测

传统的时频分析方法在对周期性微弱信号进行检测时,提取的信息具有信噪比不高的缺点,从而影响了检测效果,为此,利用Duffing振子混沌系统对噪声的强免疫力的特征,提出了一种基于小波分解和混沌阵子的混合微弱信号检测方法;首先,采用小波变换对信号进行分解,通过小波变换的平滑作用实现对含噪微弱信号的离散处理,并设计了一种根据阈值来确定分解层数的方法,然后将降噪后的重构信号作为Duffing阵子的周期驱动力并入混沌系统,采用混沌Duffing阵子阵列实现在强噪声背景下的微弱信号检测,并提出了一种临界状态策动力幅值和初始相位的自适应确定方法;在Matlab7仿真环境下进行实验,结果表明:文中方法能有效地对湮没在强噪声下的微弱信息进行检测,具有信号检测信噪比高,重构信号频率较其它方法更接近于真实频率,具有较强的可行性。     

基于独立成分分析和经验模态分解的混沌信号降噪

基于经验模态分解和独立成分分析去噪的特点,提出了一种联合独立成分分析和经验模态分解的混沌信号降噪方法. 利用经验模态分解对混沌信号进行分解,根据平移不变经验模态分解的思想构造多维输入向量, 通过所构造的多维输入向量和独立成分分析对混沌信号的各层内蕴模态函数进行自适应去噪处理; 将处理后的所有内蕴模态函数进行累加重构,从而得到降噪后的混沌信号. 仿真实验中分别对叠加不同强度高斯噪声的Lorenz混沌信号及实际观测的月太阳黑子混沌序列进行了研究, 结果表明本文方法能够对混沌信号进行有效的降噪,而且能够较好地校正相空间中点的位置, 逼近真实的混沌吸引子轨迹. 关键词： 独立成分分析 经验模态分解 混沌信号 降噪     

Multi component LFM signal detection and parameter estimation based on EEMD–FRFT

This paper studied multi component LFM signal detection and parameter estimation under the noise circumstance of various signal-to-noise ratios. Based on the analysis of fractional Fourier transform detection and parameter estimation on simple component LFM signal, this paper proposed the method of multi component LFM signal detection and parameter estimation based on EEMD–FRFT (Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition–Fractional Fourier transform), and this method was that with the EEMD algorithm, from the frequency domain decompose the analyzable signal to narrow-bandwidth components, whose center frequency changed from high to low, then accurately estimate the parameter and detect the signal of each component out of the pseudo-component with FrFT. This method solved the problem of mode aliasing of signal decomposition; meanwhile, the problem of detecting the multi component LFM signal would be simplified as the problem of one-dimensional search in small scope, which could reduce the amount of operation and improved the detection accuracy. A simulation computation for multi component LFM signal of various SNR (signal-to-noise ratios) was made and the result showed that the error of parameter estimation was less than 5% in the case of SNR not less than −10 dB.     

The concise fractional Fourier transform and its application in detection and parameter estimation of the linear frequency-modulated signal

A concise fractional Fourier transform(CFRFT) is proposed to detect the linear frequency-modulated(LFM) signal with low signal to noise ratio(SNR).The frequency axis in time-frequency plane of the CFRFT is rotated to get the spectrum of the signal in different angles using chirp multiplication and Fourier transform(FT).For LFM signal which distributes as a straight line in time-frequency plane,the CFRFT can gather the energy in the corresponding angle as a peak and improve the detection SNR,thus the LFM signal of low SNR can be detected.Meanwhile,the location of the peak value relates to the parameters of the LFM signal.Numerical simulations and experimental results show that,the proposed method can be used to efficiently detect the LFM signal masked by noise and to estimate the signal's parameters accurately.Compared with the conventional fractional Fourier transform(FRFT),the CFRFT reduces the transform complexity and improves the real-time detection performance of LFM signal.     

简明分数阶傅里叶变换及其对线性调频信号的检测和参数估计

针对低信噪比下线性调频信号的检测问题,提出了一种简明分数阶傅里叶变换方法。该变换借助chirp相乘和傅里叶变换对时频平面上的频率轴进行旋转,以获取信号在各个角度下频率轴上的频谱分布。对时频分布呈直线状的线性调频信号,简明分数阶傅里叶变换能在特定角度上将信号能量聚集成尖锐的强能量峰,从而提高信噪比,实现对线性调频信号的可靠检测和参数估计。数值仿真和实验验证结果表明,简明分数阶傅里叶变换可对较低信噪比的线性调频信号实现有效检测,并由变换域峰值的位置对信号参数进行准确估计。相比于传统的分数阶傅里叶变换方法,简明分数阶傅里叶变换的复杂度更低,离散计算效率更高,在对噪声掩盖下的线性调频信号进行检测和参数估计时能更好地满足实时处理的要求。      

激光主动探测中回波信号的小波去噪方法

在分析激光主动探测中回波信号的噪声特性和小波变换去噪原理的基础上，提出了一种基于最大信噪比准则的小渡阈值去噪方法。首先用最大信噪比准则对小波变换系数进行阈值选取，然后采用软阂值方法对小波系数进行量化处理后再重构。仿真结果表明最大信噪比准则小波去噪方法改善信噪比效果十分显著，检测下限达到-16．2dB。证明了该方法在激光主动探测系统回波信号检测中的有效性。     

Acceleration target detection based on LFM radar

In radar systems, the echo signal caused by an accelerated target can be similarly considered as linear frequency modulation (LFM) signal. In high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), discrete polynomial-phase transform (DPT) algorithm can be used to detect the echo signal, as it has low computation complexity and high real-time performance. However, in low SNR, the DPT algorithm has a large mean square error of the rate of frequency modulation and a low detection probability. In order to detect LFM signal in low SNR, this paper proposes a detection method, segment discrete polynomial-phase transform (SDPT), which means, at first, dividing the whole echo pulses into several segments with same duration in time domain, and then, using coherent accumulation method of DFT to segments, at last, processing this signal with DPT in intra-segment. In the case of a large number of segments, the SDPT can improve the output SNR. In addition, in a certain SNR, to the target signal with big sampling interval, large acceleration and less segments, this paper proposes an algorithm to detect the LFM signal generated from the combination of an improved DPT (IDPT) and fractional Fourier transform (FRFT). The output SNR of this algorithm is connected with the length of time delay. In the simulation, when the length of the time delay is 0.2 N, the output SNR is 2.5 dB more than that which results from directly using DPT. Finally, the detection performance and algorithm complexity of the proposed algorithm were analyzed, and the simulated and measured data verify the effectiveness of the algorithm.     

An approach based on simplified KLT and wavelet transform for enhancing speech degraded by non-stationary wideband noise

It is well known that the non-stationary wideband noise is the most difficult to be removed in speech enhancement. In this paper a novel speech enhancement algorithm based on the dyadic wavelet transform and the simplified Karhunen-Loeve transform (KLT) is proposed to suppress the non-stationary wideband noise. The noisy speech is decomposed into components by the wavelet space and KLT-based vector space, and the components are processed and reconstructed, respectively, by distinguishing between voiced speech and unvoiced speech. There are no requirements of noise whitening and SNR pre-calculating. In order to evaluate the performance of this algorithm in more detail, a three-dimensional spectral distortion measure is introduced. Experiments and comparison between different speech enhancement systems by means of the distortion measure show that the proposed method has no drawbacks existing in the previous methods and performs better shaping and suppressing of the non-stationary wideband noise for speech enhancement.     

基于多尺度总体最小二乘的图像去噪

提出了一种基于多尺度总体最小二乘的图像去噪算法.采用平稳小波变换对噪音图像进行分解,分别对各个分解层的高频子带,通过总体最小二乘算法估计信号小波系数|并且考虑到不同尺度小波系数之间的相关性,将尺度相关性约束到总体最小二乘算法中,进而准确估计各高频子带信号小波系数,再由估计的信号小波系数通过小波逆变换得到去噪图像.实验结果表明,考虑尺度间相关性的总体最小二乘平稳小波变换图像去噪算法能有效去除图像噪音,在信噪比和视觉质量上有了较大改善.     

Detection method for small and dim targets from a time series of images observed by a space-based optical detection system

To revisit cataloged space targets, a space-based optical detection system normally observes space targets continuously in a target tracking mode. In the time series of images produced by continuous observation, there are not only the target but also complicated background clutter (a mass of stars) and noises. The existing method only can detect the target with an signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) greater than 6 from these images. This paper presents a detection method for the target with an SNR less than 6. The proposed method consists of an SNR enhancement algorithm and an adaptive background and noise suppression algorithm. Simulation and analytical results show the proposed method detects the target submerged in noise and background clutter when SNR is equal to 3 and the detection probability and the false alarm probability both reach very high performance. This proposed method can help solve the problem of revisiting some weak cataloged space targets.     

A wavelet packet adaptive filtering algorithm for enhancing manatee vocalizations

Approximately a quarter of all West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) mortalities are attributed to collisions with watercraft. A boater warning system based on the passive acoustic detection of manatee vocalizations is one possible solution to reduce manatee-watercraft collisions. The success of such a warning system depends on effective enhancement of the vocalization signals in the presence of high levels of background noise, in particular, noise emitted from watercraft. Recent research has indicated that wavelet domain pre-processing of the noisy vocalizations is capable of significantly improving the detection ranges of passive acoustic vocalization detectors. In this paper, an adaptive denoising procedure, implemented on the wavelet packet transform coefficients obtained from the noisy vocalization signals, is investigated. The proposed denoising algorithm is shown to improve the manatee detection ranges by a factor ranging from two (minimum) to sixteen (maximum) compared to high-pass filtering alone, when evaluated using real manatee vocalization and background noise signals of varying signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). Furthermore, the proposed method is also shown to outperform a previously suggested feedback adaptive line enhancer (FALE) filter on average 3.4 dB in terms of noise suppression and 0.6 dB in terms of waveform preservation.     

脉冲声信号影响锥特征的自适应选取EI北大核心CSCD

为了解决低信噪比下脉冲声信号影响锥特征的自适应选取和检测问题,提出了一种改进的整体嵌套边缘检测方法。利用脉冲信号小波域的时间-尺度分析谱图中明显的边缘效应特征,构造自适应影响锥(A-COI)模型。该模型可自适应输出最适影响锥部分,在减弱噪声干扰的同时最大程度的包含了脉冲信号的主要特征。进而将最适影响锥部分对应的小波系数用于脉冲信号检测,有效提升了低信噪比下的检测性能。对典型直升机桨-涡干扰脉冲信号的仿真和实验数据进行分析,结果表明在0 dB,2 dB,5 dB信噪比的复杂环境下,使用基于A-COI模型的检测率分别达到了65.13%,82.33%,95.27%,相对于传统固定大小影响锥的检测算法提升了42.42%,22.99%和2.36%。