鲜红斑痣光动力治疗的荧光光谱监测

应用荧光光谱技术监测了鲜红斑痣(PWS)光动力治疗(PDT)中的光敏剂血药浓度与光产物生成。以532 nm倍频Nd∶YAG激光器作为PDT照射光源与荧光激发光源,以光谱仪与ICCD采集荧光光谱。在系统验证实验中,构建含有血卟啉单甲醚(HMME)的小鼠正常皮肤的荧光基本光谱,通过最小二乘光谱拟合区分HMME荧光(624 nm)与光产物荧光(652 nm)。含有PSD-007的病人患区荧光光谱拟合采用相同基本光谱,获得不同病人个体具有显著差异的光敏剂血药浓度曲线与光产物生成漂白曲线。所建立的荧光光谱监测系统与光谱拟合方法可为PDT精确量化剂量学方法的建立提供技术手段,所得结果有利于制定个性化的PDT治疗方案。     

血啉甲醚的时间分辨荧光光谱研究

实验研究了用于肿瘤光动力学诊断的第二代新型光敏剂血啉甲醚(HMME)分别在不同血型人血清和生理盐水环境中的时间分辨光谱,同时还研究了在不同荧光发射峰处的荧光寿命以及光敏剂浓度对荧光寿命的影响。结果表明:HMME在625和690nm处的荧光寿命基本相同,无显著差异。HMME在生理盐水和人血清环境中的荧光寿命具有显著差异,分别为14.6和16.6ns,同时实验结果还表明光敏剂浓度对荧光寿命没有影响。结论对于开展肿瘤的时间分辨药物荧光光谱诊断与成像技术具有重要的指导意义。     

光动力学疗法新型光敏剂的光谱特性研究

实验研究了用于光动力学诊断和治疗的新型光敏剂二磺基二邻苯二甲酰亚胺甲基酞菁锌（ZnPcS2P)癌光啉（PsD-007)、血啉甲醚（HMME）以及早期应用于临床的血卟啉衍生物（HpD)分别在生理盐水和含10％人血清生理盐水中的光谱特性。结果表明：除ZnPcS2P2的最大吸收峰位于670nm之外，其余三种光敏剂在人血清环境中的最大吸收峰都位于405nm处，但与生理盐水环境相比索瑞（Soret)峰发生了12nm的红移。在波长为413和514.5nm光源激发下，HMME，HpD和PsD-007在人血清环境中的荧光发射峰都分别位于625和690nm，但413nm光源的激发效率比514.5nm光源高出3倍左右，而且HEEM的荧光激发效率最高，HpD次之，PsD-007最低。     

罗丹明6G的三维荧光和共振散射光谱

研究了罗丹明6G(R6G)的荧光光谱、共振散射光谱和吸收光谱,讨论了共振光散射与共振荧光的区别与联系.在罗丹明6G-水溶液的三维荧光等高线光谱中,瑞利散射线与荧光等高线有部分相交.共振散射峰(544nm)介于荧光激发峰(530nm)和发射峰(552nm)之间.由光偏振实验,测得R6G共振散射光谱544nm处的偏振度P为0.0105.上述实验结果证明,R6G的共振散射峰主要是共振荧光.共振光散射信号随pH值增大而增强的机理是R6G酸碱平衡移动导致荧光型体的形成.由于自吸收的影响,荧光强度、共振散射光强度与R6G浓度之间不是严格的线性关系.     

[Cu(DPPZ)(L-Ser)]+与DNA的相互作用及其分析应用研究

研究了DNA与铜(Ⅱ)-L丝氨酸-二吡啶并[3,2-a:2',3'-c]吩嗪配合物[Cu(DPPZ)(L-Ser)-]+相互作用的共振光散射光谱和紫外可见吸收光谱,通过研究体系与溴化乙啶相互作用的荧光光谱特征,证明其作用方式为插入作用.在pH 7.2的缓冲溶液中,[Cu(DPPZ)(L-Ser)]+由于插入作用而在DNA表面聚集,使体系的共振光散射强度增强,最大敞射峰在400 nm处.在最佳实验条件下,共振光散射增强的强度与浓度在0.42～4.20 ng·mL1范围的DNA具有良好的线性关系.方法的检出限为0.29 ng·mL-1.该法用于DNA样品的测定,回收率在97.8%～106.0%之间.     

Monte Carlo方法研究支气管组织自体荧光光谱

在实验获得支气管组织显微荧光特性和有关光学特性参量的基础上,将支气管组织简化为三层光学模型,用Monte Carlo方法模拟442nm He-Cd激光在组织模型中的光分布及自体荧光的逃逸函数,计算出各组织层对总体自体荧光的贡献,并模拟出逃逸到组织体表面的自体荧光光谱.进一步实验测量与理论计算的自体荧光光谱比较表明,两者在460～520nm及600～700nm的光谱范围内符合得较好.     

有机材料EnBOD的放大自发发射性能研究

在紫外脉冲激光泵浦条件下,研究了有机材料EnBOD的放大自发发射(ASE)性能.EnBOD的甲苯稀溶液样品具有较窄的吸收和荧光光谱,主峰分别位于508 nm和527 nm.其ASE效率随着溶液浓度而变化,浓度为0.008 mol·L-的EnBOD样品具有最高的ASE效率,达到22.6％.其ASE主峰位于542 nm,阈值约为29.5 kW·cm-2.阈值后的ASE半宽约为12.4 nm.经紫外脉冲激光20万次泵浦后,ASE的光强衰减为初始强度的61.2％.结果表明EnBOD是一种ASE阈值较低、光稳定性良好的激光材料.     

激光医学

探讨新型光敏剂血叶琳单甲醚(HMME)激光诱发药物荧光与激光诱发自体荧光在肺癌组织中的光谱区别。15例肺癌病人(药物组)术前3h静脉注射HMME 3 rng/kg,20例肺癌病人(对照组)术前不注射HMME,使用三倍频 Nd:YAG激光(波长355 nm)和多光道分析仪(OMA)对切除肺癌标本的癌组织进行激光诱     

水体中溶解有机物的荧光光谱特性分析

以355 nm激光为激发光源,在实验室中利用激光诱导荧光(LIF)方法对不同水体中溶解有机物(DOM)的荧光光谱进行了测量,并以最小二乘法-高斯拟合对水体荧光光谱进行了拟合,解卷积得出了水喇曼散射谱及DOM的荧光光谱.在改变激发光脉冲强度的条件下,以一定浓度腐殖酸溶液为测量样品分析了DOM的荧光饱和特性.结果表明,随着激发光功率密度的增加,水喇曼散射强度线性增加,而DOM的荧光强度随着激发光功率密度的增加先是线性增加,此时归一化荧光强度为一恒定值.当激发光功率密度大于55 mW/cm2时, 荧光强度增加缓慢,归一化荧光强度则逐渐降低.研究发现,在有机物浓度较高时,出现了激发态分子间的单重态-单重态猝灭,并且在低浓度情况下,随着有机物浓度的增加,出现了有机物荧光峰值强度位置的红移并伴有波形的展宽.     

阿霉素与DNA作用的共振光散射研究及在DNA分析中的应用

研究了抗癌药物阿霉素与DNA相互作用的吸收光谱、荧光光谱和共振光散射光谱,发现阿霉素与DNA相互作用产生强烈增强的共振光散射信号,共振光散射技术在研究DNA与阿霉素的相互作用时,其灵敏度远远高于吸收光谱和荧光光谱。DNA与阿霉素作用在322与564 nm处产生两个共振散射峰,在弱酸性条件下(pH 5.72),DNA的浓度在0～8.0 μg·mL-1范围内与散射强度呈良好的线性关系,对小牛胸腺DNA和鱼精子DNA的检出限分别为36.8和40.1 ng·mL-1。由此建立了一种选择性好,灵敏度高的DNA共振光散射分析方法。     

Laser wavelength dependence of background fluorescence in Raman spectroscopic analysis of synovial fluid from symptomatic joints

Gout is a disease process where the nucleation and growth of crystals in the synovial fluid of joints elicit painful arthritis‐like symptoms. Raman spectroscopy is evolving as a potential diagnostic tool in identifying such crystals; however, attainment of sufficient Raman signal while overcoming the background fluorescence remains as a major challenge. The current study focused on assessing whether excitation in 532–700 nm range will provide greater signal intensity than the standard 785 nm while not being impeded by background fluorescence. We characterized the fluorescence spectra, absorption spectra and Raman spectra of synovial fluid from patients who presented ‘gout‐like symptoms’ (symptomatic) and controls (asymptomatic). A digestion and filtration method was developed to isolate crystals from synovial fluid while reducing the organic burden. Spectral profile and photobleaching dynamics during Raman spectroscopy were observed under an excitation wavelength range spanning 532 to 785 nm. Absorbance and fluorescence profiles indicated the digestion and filtration worked effectively to extract crystals from symptomatic synovial fluid without introducing additional fluorescence. Raman spectral analyses at 532 nm, 660 nm, 690 nm and 785 nm indicated that both asymptomatic and symptomatic samples had significant levels of fluorescence at excitation wavelengths below 700 nm, which either hindered the collection of Raman signal or necessitated prolonged durations of photobleaching. Raman‐based diagnostics were more feasible at the longest excitation wavelength of 785 nm without employing photobleaching. This study further demonstrated that a near‐infrared (NIR) OEM‐based lower‐cost Raman system at 785 nm excitation has sufficient sensitivity to identify crystals isolated from the synovial fluid. In conclusion, while lower excitation wavelengths provide greater signal, the fluorescence necessitates NIR wavelengths for Raman analysis of crystal species observed in synovial aspirates. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

烟碱与牛血清白蛋白相互作用的光谱研究

在0.1 mol·L-1的磷酸氢二钠-柠檬酸体系中,采用荧光光谱、紫外吸收光谱研究了牛血清白蛋白(BSA)与烟碱的相互作用。荧光滴定表明这种相互作用使BSA的内源荧光猝灭,尼古丁和BSA形成1∶1稳定复合物。不同温度和酸度下的猝灭作用证实其静态猝灭行为和疏水作用机制。紫外吸收光谱和同步荧光光谱表明,相互作用引起BSA构象变化,而同步荧光光谱提示结合位点更接近于色氨酸。     

Hydrothermal synthesis and optical properties of full-color-emission ZnS:Cu, Al nanocrystals

ZnS:Cu, Al nanocrystals were synthesized by a hydrothermal method at 200 degrees C and their optical properties were studied. The analysis of XRD and TEM show that the spherical-like nanocrystals had a grain size of approximately 15 nm and were well dispersed, with a zinc blende structure. The energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and atomic absorption spectrometry were applied to the analysis of S, Zn and Cu content in the sample. The results proved that a large number of zinc vacancies exist and Cu is incorporated into the sample lattice. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra were investigated. The PL mechanism is discussed. The excitation spectrum is broad. Under 337 nm excitation the sample emits bright green light. Under 370-410 nm excitation the sample emits white light. The broad emission spectra are almost coincident with any excitation wavelength of between 370 and 410 nm making them attractive as conversion phosphors for LED applications and full-color fluorescence display devices. The emitted white light under 375 nm excitation was found to be the result of blue, green, and orange emission bands. For Cu/Zn, Cu/Al and S/Zn molar ratios of 3 x 10(-4), 2 and 3, respectively, the near blue white light can be observed with the naked eye in daylight.     

不同生境条件下藻蓝蛋白活体荧光光谱特性研究

蓝藻生物量检测技术发展是应对目前频繁发生的水华事件的重要环节。藻蓝蛋白作为蓝藻的特异性蛋白,在一定程度上比叶绿素更能准确反应自然水体中的蓝藻生物量,因而成为蓝藻生物量检测技术的重要指标。本文利用三维荧光光谱技术,以不同光照、不同生长期的铜绿微囊藻、鱼腥藻活体为研究对象,比较了单点法和包络法两种光谱解析方法的可靠性,探究了不同生境条件下的藻蓝蛋白活体荧光光谱特性。结果表明：(1)荧光光谱强度随生长期延长而增大;(2)采用包络法解析藻蓝蛋白特征荧光光谱的方法比单点法更为可靠;(3)在不同生境条件下,铜绿微囊藻藻蓝蛋白活体荧光激发波长基本保持614 nm、发射波长基本保持654 nm不变,鱼腥藻藻蓝蛋白活体荧光激发波长随生长期在610和620 nm之间波动减小,发射波长随生长期在650和660 nm之间波动增大。这种波动与藻种样品颗粒度大小和光谱扫描模式有关。该研究结果为发展蓝藻生物量活体荧光监测技术发展提供了实验基础。     

Fluorescence Recovery Under Decaying Photobleaching Irradiation: Concept and Experiment

A novel modification of photobleaching method for measurement of lateral diffusion is developed. In this approach fluorescence recovery kinetics is measured under decaying photobleaching irradiation, termed as fluorescence recovery under decaying photobleaching (FRDP). The time evolution of fluorescence intensity normalized to input irradiation starts from the photobleaching kinetics and transforms into the kinetics of fluorescence recovery at a later stage resulting in appearance of minimum. The analytical solution for the kinetics of fluorescence for Gaussian lineshape of laser beam and hyperbolic decay of irradiation in the first order approximation on bleaching rate was obtained. The accuracy of the analytical function was evaluated with exact numerical solution computed with finite differentiates method. The FRDP method was successfully applied to fluorescein solution in the glycerol/water mixture (80%) under various experimental settings using home-made experimental set-up. The FRDP approach demonstrated 25–30 fold enhancement in signal intensity over classical fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) method at 3–5 fold increase in total irradiation. Among other advantages of the FRDP is the opportunity to perform measurements on varying time scales under constant size of the bleaching spot, including “safe” long time measurements. The potential extra advantage of FRDP method for analysis of complex diffusion in the biological system is discussed.     

光谱法研究钙红-Cu(Ⅱ)络合物与蛋白质的相互作用及其应用

研究了钙红-Cu(Ⅱ)络合物与牛血清蛋白(BSA)作用的共振光散射光谱(RLS)、荧光光谱和电子吸收光谱特征,建立了利用金属配合物作为探针测定痕量蛋白质的方法。钙红-Cu(Ⅱ)-BSA三元络合物的形成导致RLS强度和荧光强度的增大;同时引起电子吸收光谱的强度减小,594 nm处吸收峰消失。在pH5.65～5.75的酸度条件下,钙红-Cu(Ⅱ)络合物与BSA系统在317 nm处有一增强的RLS光谱峰,且增强的RLS强度与BSA的浓度呈线性关系。在实验室确定的优化条件下,RLS强度与BSA浓度的线性范围为0.75～10 μg·mL-1, 线性方程为I=150.88+201.48c(BSA ,μg·mL-1),相关系数r=0.997 3。方法检出限为5.62×10-2 μg·mL-1。该方法成功地用于人工混合样品中BSA含量的测定。对钙红-Cu(Ⅱ)络合物与BSA的作用机制的研究表明,钙红-Cu(Ⅱ)络合物与BSA之间主要存在的是静电引力。     

EHPG-Tb(Ⅲ)体系荧光法测定稀土铽的研究

采用荧光光谱分析法,探索了N-N’-乙烯-二[2-(2羟基苯基)甘氨酸](EHPG)测定铽离子的最佳条件,建立了稀土铽的分析方法,在室温条件下,pH在7～9,最大激发和发射波长分别为296和547 nm,EHPG浓度为2.5×10-5 mol·L-1,反应3 min后在75 min内测定。结果表明：铽离子的测定范围为1.0×10-8～1.0×10-5 mol·L-1,检出限为1.18×10-9 mol·L-1,在稀土干扰离子存在下,回收率达98%以上,相对标准偏差为3.02％。供试稀土氧化物样品测试值与其含量吻合。     

厦门湾有色溶解有机物光漂白的三维荧光光谱研究

利用荧光激发-发射矩阵光谱(excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy,EEMs)研究了厦门湾九龙江河口中、低盐度区表层水样中有色溶解有机物在秋季天然太阳辐照下的光化学漂白。结果表明,光漂白未引起水样中类腐殖质(C, A, M)和类蛋白质(T,B)荧光峰位置的移动。5个峰的荧光强度均随辐照时间的增加而减少,其中低盐度水样的降低幅度更大,并以指示陆源河流输入的特征荧光峰C的光漂白程度最大。根据漂白速率可将各荧光团区分出易漂白和难漂白两类组分。光漂白导致T、C峰及A、C峰之间的荧光强度比值增加,说明光漂白可引起海水中溶解有机物性质的明显改变,并且也是近海类蛋白质荧光相对类腐殖质荧光占优势的一个重要控制因素。研究结果对于探究陆源有机物在近海的转化及去除过程以及海洋光学有一定的参考价值。