基于二次相关算法的双M-Z光纤传感器的定位方法

双马赫-曾德干涉仪型分布式光纤传感系统因灵敏度高而易受环境噪声及系统噪声的影响,使得利用直接互相关算法计算扰动信号位置存在较大误差.采用二次互相关算法,先对两路接收信号做互相关运算,再与其中一路信号的自相关结果做互相关运算,通过对两路信号的时延估计对扰动信号定位,减小了噪声带来的误差并提高计算准确度.对该算法进行了理论仿真和分析,搭建了实验装置进行了实验验证.实验结果表明,与采用直接互相关定位算法结果比较,采用本文算法能够有效提高系统对扰动信号的定位准确度,且具有较高的实时性.     

基于图像处理的模拟尾流气泡幕分类识别

提出了一种应用数字图像处理技术对模拟尾流气泡幕分类识别的新方法.文章介绍了BP神经网络的基本结构及其工作原理,通过仿真测试了BP神经网络对模拟尾流气泡幕图像的模式分类.应用灰度图像统计矩法得到了均值﹑归一化系数﹑三阶矩﹑一致性和熵等特征量,设定神经网络学习率为0.1时经过14次循环可以达到训练目标误差为0.001,此时网络对不同压强下的尾流气泡幕分类正确率到达100%.这种方法在处理尾流图像时具有直观、高效、精确等特点,易于应用于对尾流探测、识别等工程技术中.     

基于非采样Contourlet变换高分辨率遥感图像配准

为了提高高分辨率遥感图像配准的精确度,将非采样Contourlet变换应用于高分辨率遥感图像配准算法中.首先对高分辨率遥感图像进行非采样Contourlet变换.利用非采样Contourlet变换的平移不变性在变换域提取图像的边缘并选择合适的阈值准确地得到图像的边缘特征点.然后利用归一化互相关匹配法和概率支撑法对特征点进行匹配.最后通过三角形局部变换映射甬数实现图像配准.实验结果表明,该方法更能准确地提取高分辨率遥感图像的特征点,大大提高了正确匹配的概率,与基于小波方法的图像配准效果相比有更高的准确性和稳健性.     

一种新的自定标算法——图像变换法

提出了一种新的基于图像变换的自定标算法，由于绝对二次曲线的像的各个元素不在一个数量级上，导致自定标过程中对噪音极其敏感.该方法针对于这一缺点，首先估计一个内参矩阵，然后通过图像变换，使绝对二次曲线的像的各个元素在一个数量级上.理论分析及模拟图像序列和真实图像序列的实验结果表明，该自定标算法能够提高定标准确度及鲁棒性.     

一种改进的红外图像归一化互相关匹配算法

分析了传统归一化互相关算法在红外空中目标匹配定位时失效的原因,提出一种改进的红外图像归一化互相关匹配算法.该方法将模板和匹配区域之间的纹理相关计算看作一个最优化问题,寻求使图像纹理相关匹配鲁棒性最好的相关基准值,用图像的相关基准函数替代传统方法中的区域均值部分,构造了一种适用于的红外目标匹配的归一化相关算法.实验结果表明,该相关匹配算法对模板中背景部分的变化和非均匀性亮度变化有良好的抗干扰能力,较好地解决了恶劣环境下红外对空目标跟踪中匹配定位出错的问题.     

基于锁相放大的激光尾流场探测技术研究

尾流场是舰船在航行过程中所形成的一个含有大量微气泡而与其他水域所不同的区域,通过对尾流光学特征的研究,提出了一种采用双路锁相放大技术对尾流信号进行检测的方法。该方法利用互相关原理,使输入待测的周期信号与频率相同的参考信号在相关器中实现互相关,从而检测出深埋在噪声中的周期信号携带的信息,为消除激光尾流检测系统中激光器的漂移问题提供了途径,可达到抑制噪声,提高系统检测的灵敏度、可靠性和检测尾流的目的。     

一种基于改进频域图像配准技术的超分辨力图像处理方法

为提高光电成像系统的空间分辨力,提出了一种基于改进的频率域图像配准技术的超分辨力图像处理方法。首先利用改进的频域图像配准方法估算出低分辨力图像之间的微位移量,然后采用Papoulis-Gerchberg超分辨力处理方法完成图像复原。利用不同重构方法进行了仿真及实验研究,给出了评价参数。模拟和实际显微热图像的处理结果表明:该算法可使图像质量得到改善,分辨的细节更多,可有效地提高光电成像系统的空间分辨力;处理算法简单,计算量小,可实现快速处理。该算法还可应用于其他不可控光学微扫描成像系统中,具有广泛的应用前景。     

一种红外与可见光图像的自动配准方法

针对红外和可见光图像配准问题，采用仿射变换实现图像的几何变换，利用Canny算子边界相关运算求出边界相关性最强时对应的仿射变换参数，从而有效地实现了对原始红外和可见光图像的自动配准。实验结果表明，该算法有效，可以应用于实际的红外和可见光图像配准中。     

一种基于图像处理技术获取尾流特性的新方法

提出了一种利用图像处理手段获取舰船尾流中气泡大小和密度的新方法.该方法对利用高速数字摄影设备拍摄的尾流图像进行处理；具有直观、实时、高效等特点，可以方便地应用在实际的工程项目中.     

改进的同步迭代算法在光声血管成像中的应用

光声成像结合了光学成像和声学成像的优点，是一种高分辨率，高对比度的无损伤医学成像技术.一种改进的同步迭代算法应用于光声图像重建.仿真和模拟结果表明，与传统的代数迭代算法相比，在90°，135°，180°的有限场光声成像中，此算法对测量误差的校正和迭代次数的收敛上具有较大的优势，图像重建的速度和成像质量都有了明显的提高.实验中，一种圆形扫描结构的光声成像装置，用于180°的有限场扫描，利用改进的同步迭代算法，重建出了高对比度和高分辨率（60μm）的鸡胚胎光声血管图像.实验证明，这种算法的应用，大幅度减少了数据采集时间，为光声成像技术运用于实时监测血流灌注和肿瘤光动力治疗的血管损伤效应提供了潜在的应用价值. 关键词： 光声成像 有限角度 代数迭代算法 光声血管成像     

Applications of Defocusing DPIV to Bubbly Flow Measurement

Defocusing digital particle image velocimetry (DDPIV) was used to investigate a bubbly flow in the wake of a hydrofoil. DDPIV is a three component volumetric velocimetry technique that operates at full video rate. Complex, three‐dimensional, and time‐dependent flows can be measured. To measure the bubble sizes, an extension to DDPIV was made to infer bubble sizes from their intensities. Both bubble size distributions and bubble velocity fields were simultaneously measured. Results indicate that DDPIV can reliably measure bubble sizes in the range of 100 microns, as well as resolving their aggregate motion.     

An algorithm for evaluating overlapping bubble images recorded by double pulsed laser holography

The present paper describes a method for evaluating images of a bubbly flow in stirred aerated tanks which are typical when pulsed laser holography is applied as the measuring technique. Features of the brightness histograms of reconstructed bubble images are discussed. A procedure is presented to evaluate the bubble images taken from a reconstructed hologram in order to determine the center of gravity of the bubble image. Double pulsed holograms were taken to measure bubble velocities and diameters simultaneously. In this case, overlapping bubble images are sometimes observed in the reconstruction. This significantly impedes the evaluation of the characteristics of the bubbles. Thus, an algorithm is presented in this work to distinguish between single and overlapping bubble images and to separate the overlapping bubble image in a two-dimensional image for a bubbly flow at low void fraction recorded from double pulse holograms. This algorithm was confirmed to be effective if the bubble images are extracted from the entire image.     

基于图像方法模拟尾流气泡分布特性的研究

舰船尾流中气泡对尾流特性研究起着重要的作用,研究气泡数密度分布对于追踪舰船有着重要意义.用图像方法来研究气泡,具有直观、简便的优点.采用激光片光源限定采样区域,利用数学形态学的方法对气泡图像进行了处理.通过剪切、变灰度、调整照明和亮度、填充、膨胀、腐蚀等操作获得理想的图像并进行统计.用上述方法对记录气泡消散过程的图片进行处理,可以看出气泡的消散过程基本符合指数衰减的规律.     

Effect of a uniform magnetic field on dielectric two-phase bubbly flows using the level set method

In this study, the behavior of a single bubble in a dielectric viscous fluid under a uniform magnetic field has been simulated numerically using the Level Set method in two-phase bubbly flow. The two-phase bubbly flow was considered to be laminar and homogeneous. Deformation of the bubble was considered to be due to buoyancy and magnetic forces induced from the external applied magnetic field. A computer code was developed to solve the problem using the flow field, the interface of two phases, and the magnetic field. The Finite Volume method was applied using the SIMPLE algorithm to discretize the governing equations. Using this algorithm enables us to calculate the pressure parameter, which has been eliminated by previous researchers because of the complexity of the two-phase flow. The finite difference method was used to solve the magnetic field equation. The results outlined in the present study agree well with the existing experimental data and numerical results. These results show that the magnetic field affects and controls the shape, size, velocity, and location of the bubble.     

基于多重散射强度和偏振特征的舰船尾流气泡激光探测方法

研究多重散射效应对舰船尾流气泡群光散射强度和偏振特征的影响是舰船光尾流探测以及新型光自导鱼雷研究的基础. 基于矢量Monte Carlo方法建立了舰船尾流气泡群激光后向探测仿真模型, 重点研究了尾流气泡群的多重散射机理,分析了多重散射效应、尾流气泡群密度对回波信号强度和偏振特征的影响规律. 基于粒子碰撞重要性抽样的基本思想, 在传统能量接收方法的基础上, 提出了回波光子偏振贡献接收方法和回波信号偏振信息统计方法, 解决了小视场系统光子返回概率低无法形成回波能量的难题. 构建了模拟尾流气泡群激光散射强度和偏振探测实验平台, 从实验的角度验证了模拟结果的准确性. 实验和模拟结果的一致性表明, 利用回波强度、偏振信息可表征气泡群距离、密度信息, 从而可对舰船尾流特别是低密度尾流进行高精度的探测和辨识. 关键词： Monte Carlo 偏振 多重散射 气泡     

舰船尾流气泡层散射相位函数及其后向散射信号特性分析

根据实测舰船的尾流气泡分布模型,利用米氏理论计算得到尾流气泡层的散射相位函数,并将其应用于尾流气泡层后向散射光接收信号的Monte Carlo仿真分析中,以便为实际海况下的舰船尾流气泡层后向散射光探测的实验设置与信号预测、分析提供可靠的依据.通过对不同距离处尾流气泡层的散射相位函数及后向散射光接收信号特性的分析,可以得出:尾流中气泡层散射相位函数的变化小明显,且对接收信号的影响较小;气泡数密度的变化导致的多次散射效应和气泡层衰减系数的变化是引起后向散射光强度变化的主要原因,数密度越大,散射光信号中的多次散射光成分越大;当气泡层厚度达到一定倍数的衰减长度时,继续增加气泡层厚度对后向散射接收信号的影响较小.     

Flow field around growing and rising vapour bubble by PIV measurement

A study on flow field measurement around growing and rising vapour bubbles by use of PIV technique is presented. Bubbles were generated from single artificial cavities. Experiments have been conducted with saturated boiling of distilled water at atmospheric pressure. In the experiment fluid velocity field surrounding the bubbles was visualized by use of polyamide tracer particles and a sheet of a YAG pulse laser beam. The images were recorded with a cross-correlation CCD-camera. It has been shown that for lower heat flux density bubble growths in an almost quiescent bulk of liquid. For higher heat flux density the train of bubbles creates a vapour column with strong wake effect. Maximum liquid velocity recorded is approximately equal to the terminal velocity of bubble rising in a stagnant liquid.     

Improvement of ultrasound speckle image velocimetry using image enhancement techniques

Ultrasound-based techniques have been developed and widely used in noninvasive measurement of blood velocity. Speckle image velocimetry (SIV), which applies a cross-correlation algorithm to consecutive B-mode images of blood flow has often been employed owing to its better spatial resolution compared with conventional Doppler-based measurement techniques. The SIV technique utilizes speckles backscattered from red blood cell (RBC) aggregates as flow tracers. Hence, the intensity and size of such speckles are highly dependent on hemodynamic conditions. The grayscale intensity of speckle images varies along the radial direction of blood vessels because of the shear rate dependence of RBC aggregation. This inhomogeneous distribution of echo speckles decreases the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a cross-correlation analysis and produces spurious results. In the present study, image-enhancement techniques such as contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE), min/max technique, and subtraction of background image (SB) method were applied to speckle images to achieve a more accurate SIV measurement. A mechanical sector ultrasound scanner was used to obtain ultrasound speckle images from rat blood under steady and pulsatile flows. The effects of the image-enhancement techniques on SIV analysis were evaluated by comparing image intensities, velocities, and cross-correlation maps. The velocity profiles and wall shear rate (WSR) obtained from RBC suspension images were compared with the analytical solution for validation. In addition, the image-enhancement techniques were applied to in vivo measurement of blood flow in human vein. The experimental results of both in vitro and in vivo SIV measurements show that the intensity gradient in heterogeneous speckles has substantial influence on the cross-correlation analysis. The image-enhancement techniques used in this study can minimize errors encountered in ultrasound SIV measurement in which RBCs are used as flow tracers instead of exogenous contrast agents.     

Two sub-pixel processing algorithms for high accuracy particle centre estimation in low seeding density particle image velocimetry

This article presents two algorithms for spatial processing of low seeding density PIV (particle image velocimetry) images which lead to sub-pixel precision in particle positioning. The particle centres are estimated to accuracies of the order of 0.1 pixel, yielding 1% error in velocity calculation. The first algorithm discriminates valid particles from the rest of the image and determines their centres in Cartesian coordinates by using a two-dimensional Gaussian fit. The second algorithm performs local correlation between particle pairs and determines instantaneous two-dimensional velocities. The methods have been applied initially to simulated data. Gaussian noise and distortion has then been added to simulate experimental conditions. It is shown that, in comparison with conventional methods, the new algorithms offer up to an order of magnitude higher accuracy for particle centre estimation. Finally, the Gaussian fit approach has been used to map an experimental transonic flow field from the stator trailing edge wake region of a cascade with an estimated error of 1%. The experimental results are found to be in good agreement with previous theoretical steady-state viscous calculations.     

不同条件下海面Kelvin尾迹的红外仿真

针对舰船在海上航行时形成的尾迹包含多类信息,利用Kelvin尾迹模型得到舰船速度为5 m/s、10 m/s和15 m/s的尾迹最大波高分别为0.5 m、1.5 m和2.5 m。通过海浪Pierson Moscowitz谱模型描述海面风速分别为5 m/s、8 m/s和10 m/s下的复杂海面背景模型。基于海面背景和尾迹区域的几何差异,建立了Kelvin尾迹的红外发射模型,得到不同海面风速、不同舰船航速和不同探测天顶角下的红外特征仿真图像。仿真结果表明,红外图像的灰度极大值位于尾迹波峰处,海面风速由5 m/s增加到10 m/s时,尾迹区域与海面背景平均灰度差值由100逐渐减小,直至无差异。相同海面风速下,舰船速度由5 m/s增加到15 m/s,尾迹波长由10 m增加到40 m,红外特征明显。改变探测器天顶角分别为0和30时,红外图像差异较小,当天顶角增大到60时,尾迹区域灰度值接近海面背景,差值小于30,尾迹的辨识难度增加。