电场对量子肼中自由载流子光辐射线宽的影响

本文对固体中在较大空间范围运动的粒子采用轨道、动量及波包来描述。根据量子力学测不准关系,粒子的能量测不准公式被导出。公式表明,电场强烈地散射载流子,使载流子所处能级大为展宽。应用该公式到Ｐ－Ｉ－Ｎ结构的ＧａＡｓ／ＧａＡｌＡｓ多量子阱中,理论计算的光辐射线宽与光致荧光实验测得的线宽吻合。     

在GaAs—Ga1—xAlxAs层状结构系统中施主束缚能的一维化计算公式

本文导出了在ＧａＡｓ－Ｇａ１－ｘＡｌｘＡｓ层状结构系统中，计算施工主束缚能的一维化公式。     

退火及铟含量对InGaAs量子点光学特性的影响

研究了退火条件和 Ｉｎ 组份对分子束外延生长的 Ｉｎ Ｇａ Ａｓ 量子点（分别以 Ｇａ Ａｓ或 Ａｌ Ｇａ Ａｓ 为基体）光学特性的影响。表明：量子点中 Ｉｎ 含量的增加将导致载流子的定域能增加和基态与激发态之间的能量间隔增大。采用垂直耦合的量子点及宽能带的 Ａｌ Ｇａ Ａｓ 基体可增强材料的热稳定性。以 Ａｌ Ｇａ Ａｓ 为基体的 Ｉｎ Ｇａ Ａｓ 量子点,高温后退火工艺 （ Ｔ＝ ８３０℃）可改善低温生长的 Ａｌ Ｇａ Ａｓ 层的质量,从而改善量子点激光器材料的质量。     

高功率808nm InGaAsP—GaAs分别限制结构的半导体激光器

介绍了研究分别限制结构ＩｎＧａＡｓＰ－ＧａＡｓ半导体激光器所得到的最新成果。利用引进的俄国技术，基于量子阱结构的ＩｎＧａＡｓＰ－ＧａＡｓ激光器，可用短时间液相外延技术制造。在ＧａＡｓ衬底上制成的ＩｎＧａＡｓＰ－ＧａＡｓ分别限制结构的激光器，主要参数如下：发射波入λ＝８０８ｎｍ，阈值电流密度Ｊ＝３００Ａ／ｃｍ＾２，对于条宽ω＝１００μｍ的激光器，连续功率为１－２Ｗ。     

The Reactions of Nickel ion with n-Alkane in the Gas Phase

ＴｈｅＲｅａｃｔｉｏｎｓｏｆＮｉｃｋｅｌｉｏｎｗｉｔｈｎ－Ａｌｋａｎｅｉｎｔｈｅ　ＧａｓＰｈａｓｅＴｈｅＲｅａｃｔｉｏｎｓｏｆＮｉｃｋｅｌｉｏｎｗｉｔｈｎ－ＡｌｋａｎｅｉｎｔｈｅＧａｓＰｈａｓｅ￥ＺＨＡＮＧＢｉｎｇ；ＺＨＡＮＧＦｅｉｈｕａ；ＪＩＹｕｆ...     

In_xGa_（1－x）As缓冲层上In_yGa_（1－y）As／（Al）Ga

本文中，发现在Ｉｎ＿ｘＧａ＿(１－ｘ)Ａｓ缓冲层上非故意掺杂的ＩｎｙＧａ＿(１－ｙ)Ａｓ／（Ａｌ）ＧａＡｓ超晶格样品中存在着两个互相反向的自建电场区，一个位于样品表面，另一个位于Ｉｎ＿ｘＧａ＿(１－ｘ)Ａｓ缓冲层和超晶格界面．据此，合理地解释了样品的光伏测试结果，并对此类样品的ＭＯＣＶＤ生长工艺给予指导．     

Ga1—xAlxAs外延片有源区Al组份的测定方法

由于ＧａＡｓ与ＡｌＡｓ晶格常数相近，ＧａＡｓ晶格常数为０．５６５３５ｎｍ，ＡｌＡｓ的晶格常数为０．５６６０５ｎｍ，当固熔体中Ａｌ组份ｘ值从０变到１时，晶格常数变化约为０．１５％．因此，在ＧａＡｓ衬底上生长Ｇａ１－ｘＡｌｘＡｓ时，在界面处的失配位错少，...     

1MeVSi~＋衬底加温注入Al＿（0．3）Ga＿（0．7）As／GaAs超晶格和GaAs的晶格损伤研究

用卢瑟福背散射／沟道技术研究了１ＭｅＶＳｉ￣＋在衬底加温和室温下以不同剂量注入Ａｌ＿（０．３）Ｇ＿（０．７）Ａｓ／ＧａＡｓ超晶格和ＧａＡｓ后的晶格损伤。在衬底加温下，观察到Ａｌ＿（０．３）Ｇａ＿（０．７）Ａｓ／ＧａＡｓ超晶格和ＧａＡｓ都存在一个动态退火速率与缺陷产生速率相平衡的剂量范围，以及两种速率失去平衡的临界剂量。超晶格比ＧａＡｓ更难以损伤，并且它的两种速率失去平衡的临界剂量也大于ＧａＡｓ中的相应临界剂量，用热尖峰与碰撞模型解释了晶格损伤积累与注入剂量和衬底温度的关系。用ＣＮＤＯ／２量子化学方法计算了ＧａＡｓ和Ａｌ＿ｘＧａ＿（１－ｘ）Ａｓ中化学键的相对强度，并根据计算结果解释了注入过程中Ａｌ＿（０．３）Ｇａ＿（０．７）Ａｓ／ＧａＡｓ超晶格和ＧａＡｓ中晶格损伤程度的差别。     

GaAs／AlGaAs发光二极管列阵场分布特性的电光测量

应用一种新颖的无损伤测量技术－连续波电光检测法（ＣＷＥＯＰ）对ＧａＡｓ／ＧａＡｌＡｓ单异质结发光管列阵电场分布进行了扫描测量。实验结果反映了器件内电流注入的方向和载流子扩展情况；通过比较各单元电场分布，反映器件发光均匀性。文中详细介绍了测量原理、实验装置和实验结果及讨论，最后用计算机对电场分布作了模拟计算并与实验结果进行了对照。     

GaAs衬底上生长的GaInP_2外延单晶薄膜的杂质污染研究

各种外延技术已被用来在ＧａＡｓ衬底上生长ＧａｘＩｎ１－ｘＰ外延单晶薄膜（ＧａＩｎＰ２／ＧａＡｓ）．很多文献认为,在ＧａＩｎＰ２／ＧａＡｓ生长过程中会被Ｃ杂质污染．我们用高灵敏的ＣＡＭＥＣＡＩＭＳ４Ｆ型二次离子质谱仪直接测量的结果表明,污染ＧａＩｎＰ２／ＧａＡｓ的微量杂质是Ｓｉ,而不是Ｃ．由ＧａＩｎＰ２／ＧａＡｓ在１．１７ｅＶ附近的光致发光峰的峰值随激发强度的变化形状表明了它应属于施主－受主对复合发光．进一步分析表明,施主为处在Ｇａ格位上的Ｓｉ杂质（ＳｉＧａ）,受主为Ｇａ空位（ＶＧａ）．     

电场对量子阱中激子能级宽度的影响

本文把固体中较大窨范围运动的粒子作为准经典粒子来描述。将已导出的能量测不准公式和激子的经典力学模型应用到电场下GaAs/GaAlAs量子阱中,激子能级宽度的计算结果与测量结果基本吻合,能较清楚、简单地解释纵向电场和横向电场下激子光吸收线宽的很大的差异。     

Statistical interpretation of the Planck constant and the uncertainty relation

A statistically founded derivation of the quanta of energy is presented, which yields the Planck formula for the mean energy of the blackbody radiation without making use of the quantum postulate. The derivation presupposes an ensemble of particles and leads to a statistical interpretation of the Planck constant, which is defined and discussed. By means of the proposed interpretation ofh and as an application of it, the quantum uncertainty relation is derived classically and results as a statistical inequality. On the whole this paper is compatible with the statistical ensemble interpretation of quantum mechanics.     

Absorption and photoluminescence studies of the temperature dependence of exciton life time in lattice-matched and strained quantum well systems

We present systematic studies of the temperature dependence of linewidths and lifetimes of excitonic transitions in quantum wells grown by molecular beam epitaxy using both photoluminescence(PL) and optical absorption. The temperature ranged from 6K to room temperature. Samples under investigation were lattice-matched GaAs/AlGaAs and InGaAs/InAlAs, and strained InGaAs/GaAs and InGaAs/AlGaAs quantum wellssystems. In addition, the effects of well-size variations in GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells were measured and analyzed. In all cases we were able to observe the excitonic transitions up to room temperature. By a careful fitting of the experimental data we separated the exciton transitions from band-to-band transitions. By deconvoluting the excitonic transitions we obtained the homogeneous and inhomogeneous linewidths. The homogeneous linewidths were used to calculate the exciton lifetimes as a function of temperature using the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. We found the lifetime decreases significantly with temperature and increases with increasing well size. These results are interpreted in terms of the exciton-phonon interaction and are expected to be very useful for the design of semiconductor optical devices operating at different temperatures.     

Spectral diffusion in nitride quantum dots: Emission energy dependent linewidths broadening via giant built‐in dipole moments

We present a study about the origin of the huge emission linewidths broadening commonly observed for wurtzite GaN/AlN quantum dots. Our analysis is based on a statistically significant number of quantum dot spectra measured by an automatized µ‐photoluminescence mapping system applying image recognition techniques. A clear decrease of the single quantum dot emission linewidths is observed with rising overall exciton emission energy. 8‐band k · p based model calculations predict a corresponding decrease of the built‐in exciton dipole moments with increasing emission energy in agreement with the measured behavior for the emission linewidths. Based on this proportionality we explain the particular susceptibility of nitride quantum dots to spectral diffusion causing the linewidth broadening via the linear quantum‐confined Stark effect. This is the first statistical analysis of emission linewidths that identifies the giant excitonic dipole moments as their origin and estimates the native defect‐induced electric field strength to ～2 MV/m. Our observation is in contrast to less‐polar quantum dot systems as e.g. arsenides that exhibit a naturally lower vulnerability to emission linewidth broadening due to almost negligible exciton dipole moments. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Temperature and density dependence of exciton lifetimes in GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum wells

The photoluminescence linewidths and excition lifetimes of free excitons in GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum wells were systematically investigated as a function of temperature, quantum well width, and carrier density. The experimental results showed that the exciton decay processes were strongly related to the linewidth of the exciton and the exciton binding energy.     

Effects of quantum gravity on the inflationary parameters and thermodynamics of the early universe

The effects of generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) on the inflationary dynamics and the thermodynamics of the early universe are studied. Using the GUP approach, the tensorial and scalar density fluctuations in the inflation era are evaluated and compared with the standard case. We find a good agreement with the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe data. Assuming that a quantum gas of scalar particles is confined within a thin layer near the apparent horizon of the Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker universe which satisfies the boundary condition, the number and entropy densities and the free energy arising form the quantum states are calculated using the GUP approach. A qualitative estimation for effects of the quantum gravity on all these thermodynamic quantities is introduced.     

Features and states of microscopic particles in nonlinear quantum-mechanics systems

In this paper, we present the elementary principles of nonlinear quantum mechanics (NLQM), which is based on some problems in quantum mechanics. We investigate in detail the motion laws and some main properties of microscopic particles in nonlinear quantum systems using these elementary principles. Concretely speaking, we study in this paper the wave-particle duality of the solution of the nonlinear Schr?dinger equation, the stability of microscopic particles described by NLQM, invariances and conservation laws of motion of particles, the Hamiltonian principle of particle motion and corresponding Lagrangian and Hamilton equations, the classical rule of microscopic particle motion, the mechanism and rules of particle collision, the features of reflection and the transmission of particles at interfaces, and the uncertainty relation of particle motion as well as the eigenvalue and eigenequations of particles, and so on. We obtained the invariance and conservation laws of mass, energy and momentum and angular momentum for the microscopic particles, which are also some elementary and universal laws of matter in the NLQM and give further the methods and ways of solving the above questions. We also find that the laws of motion of microscopic particles in such a case are completely different from that in the linear quantum mechanics (LQM). They have a lot of new properties; for example, the particles possess the real wave-corpuscle duality, obey the classical rule of motion and conservation laws of energy, momentum and mass, satisfy minimum uncertainty relation, can be localized due to the nonlinear interaction, and its position and momentum can also be determined, etc. From these studies, we see clearly that rules and features of microscopic particle motion in NLQM is different from that in LQM. Therefore, the NLQM is a new physical theory, and a necessary result of the development of quantum mechanics and has a correct representation of describing microscopic particles in nonlinear systems, which can solve problems disputed for about a century by scientists in the LQM field. Hence, the NLQM built is very necessary and correct. The NLQM established can promote the development of physics and can enhance and raise the knowledge and recognition levels to the essences of microscopic matter. We can predict that nonlinear quantum mechanics has extensive applications in physics, chemistry, biology and polymers, etc.      

Linewidth and tuning characteristics of terahertz quantum cascade lasers

We have measured the spectral linewidths of three continuous-wave quantum cascade lasers operating at terahertz frequencies by heterodyning the free-running quantum cascade laser with two far-infrared gas lasers. Beat notes are detected with a GaAs diode mixer and a microwave spectrum analyzer, permitting very precise frequency measurements and giving instantaneous linewidths of less than -30 kHz. Characteristics are also reported for frequency tuning as the injection current is varied.     

Features and states of microscopic particles in nonlinear quantum-mechanics systems

In this paper, we present the elementary principles of nonlinear quantum mechanics (NLQM), which is based on some problems in quantum mechanics. We investigate in detail the motion laws and some main properties of microscopic particles in nonlinear quantum systems using these elementary principles. Concretely speaking, we study in this paper the wave-particle duality of the solution of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, the stability of microscopic particles described by NLQM, invariances and conservation laws of motion of particles, the Hamiltonian principle of particle motion and corresponding Lagrangian and Hamilton equations, the classical rule of microscopic particle motion, the mechanism and rules of particle collision, the features of reflection and the transmission of particles at interfaces, and the uncertainty relation of particle motion as well as the eigenvalue and eigenequations of particles, and so on. We obtained the invariance and conservation laws of mass, energy and momentum and angular momentum for the microscopic particles, which are also some elementary and universal laws of matter in the NLQM and give further the methods and ways of solving the above questions. We also find that the laws of motion of microscopic particles in such a case are completely different from that in the linear quantum mechanics (LQM). They have a lot of new properties; for example, the particles possess the real wave-corpuscle duality, obey the classical rule of motion and conservation laws of energy,momentum and mass, satisfy minimum uncertainty relation, can be localized due to the nonlinear interaction, and its position and momentum can also be determined, etc. From these studies, we see clearly that rules and features of microscopic particle motion in NLQM is different from that in LQM. Therefore, the NLQM is a new physical theory, and a necessary result of the development of quantum mechanics and has a correct representation of describing microscopic particles in nonlinear systems, which can solve problems disputed for about a century by scientists in the LQM field. Hence, the NLQM built is very necessary and correct. The NLQM established can promote the development of physics and can enhance and raise the knowledge and recognition levels to the essences of microscopic matter. We can predict that nonlinear quantum mechanics has extensive applications in physics, chemistry, biology and polymers, etc.