WO3薄膜的电致变色特性研究

介绍了ＷＯ３电致变色薄膜的变色机理和制备工艺，对ＷＯ３薄膜的电阻率，结构，化学组玢，电化学特性和变性性能等特性进行了工艺，提出了ＷＯ３薄膜的一种新的锂化方法，这种方法对进一步研制全固态电致变色薄膜器件是十分关键的。     

长寿命导H^＋全固态电致变色器件的研究

研究了导Ｈ＾＋离子全固态电致变色器件性能退化摧在机制，发现有两个因素导致器件性能退化，在器件褪色过程中，存在于ＷＯ３薄膜中的水份将导致ＯＨ＾－在ＷＯ３中积累而在其中产生碱性环境，ＷＯ３溶于碱性环境而生成钨酸盐，在较高电压作用下Ｈ２Ｏ电解释放出气体Ｈ２和Ｏ２而使膜层剥落，通过改进器件结构和改善制备工艺条件，获得了光学密度高达０．５，着色／漂白（Ｃｏｌｏｒ／Ｂｌｅａｃｈ）循环次数高达１０＾６以上的性能     

电致变色氧化钨薄膜锂离子阈值注入量的研究

探讨了ＷＯ３薄膜与１ＭＬｉＣｌＯ４－ＰＣ溶液之间的界面电位差的变化规律及测量方法，制备了三种具有不同电致变色性能的ＷＯ３薄膜，并对它们进行了界面电位差随Ｌｉ＾＋注入量大小变化的测量，通过实验发现，界面电位差的变化趋势能够反映出氧化钨薄膜的Ｌｉ＾＋离子阈值注入量的大小。进而找到了用电阻热蒸发方法制备了电致变色氧化钨薄膜的最佳工艺条件。     

用作电致变色器件的LiNbO_3离子导体薄膜的研究

采用射频溅射方法制备用作电致变色器件的ＬｉＮｂＯ３薄膜，利用频率外推法和Ｗａｎｇｎｅｒ极化法对所沉积的ＬｉＮｂＯ３离子导体薄膜的离子电导率进行了测试和计算，给出了薄膜的光谱特性，分析和讨论了薄膜制备工艺对薄膜结构和离子电导率的影响和作用。     

用作电致变色哗啦的LiNbO3离子导体薄膜的研究

采用射频射溅射方法制备用电致变色器件的ＬｉＮｂＯ３薄膜，利用频率外推法和Ｗａｎｇｎｅｒ极化法对所沉积的ＬｉＮｂＯ３离子导体薄膜的离子电导率进行了测试和计算，给出了薄膜的光谱特性，分析和讨论了薄膜制备工艺对薄膜结构和离子电导率的影响和作用。     

全固态塑料电致变色器件

电致变色器件是一种典型的光学薄膜和电子学薄膜相结合的光电子薄膜器件,能够在外加低压驱动的作用下实现可逆的色彩变化。将电致变色材料制备在塑料衬底上,将极大地推动电致变色器件的应用。讨论了全固态塑料电致变色器件的制备工艺和电致变色特性,通过采用低压反应离子镀工艺分别在ITO塑料衬底上制备了WO3和NiO电致变色薄膜。采用高分子聚合物MPEO-LiClO4作电解质,制备plastic/ITO/WO3/MPEO-LiClO4/NiO/ITO/plastic透射型全固态塑料电致变色器件。在二电极电池石英盒中采用恒电位方式测试全固态塑料电致变色器件的电致变色特性,驱动电压为±3V。采用分光光度计直接测试透射光谱的变化,测试范围为300～900nm,经过十几次循环后达到稳定的变色,变色调制范围达到30%左右,器件样品显示出均匀深蓝色的电致变色效果。实验结果证明了所提出的全固态塑料电致变色器件的制备工艺的可行性。     

基于Cr/Ag/WO_(3)薄膜的柔性反射式电致变色器件EI北大核心CSCD

柔性反射式电致变色器件在电子纸显示、伪装、智能变色表面等领域应用前景广阔,但仍存在柔性差、对比度低、稳定性不佳等问题。本工作采用电子束蒸发法在玻璃和柔性PET衬底上制备了Cr/Ag/WO_(3)(CAW)结构无铟反射式电致变色薄膜。CAW薄膜具有高反射率和低面电阻,其可见光平均反射率高达89.1%,面电阻仅为1.2Ω/□。在电致变色性能方面,CAW薄膜展示出快着色及褪色响应时间(分别为9.3 s和2.0 s)、高达83.0%(564 nm)的反射光学对比度、大范围的反射颜色调节(>40 nm)和良好的电化学循环稳定性(>4500次)。此外,CAW薄膜具有良好的衬底兼容性,我们制备了柔性CAW薄膜并组装了图案化柔性电致变色器件,柔性薄膜在弯折2000次后性质基本无衰减,对比度达83.2%(574 nm),器件在不同电压作用下实现了丰富的反射颜色动态调控。这些结果将为高性能柔性反射式电致变色器件构建提供简单有效的指导,在新型显示技术领域有一定应用潜力。     

新型窗帘式WO3基电致变色器件设计与制备

采用磁控溅射法制备氧化钨(WO₃),基于电流驱动模型设计制备无需对电极层的新型窗帘式电致变色器件,并对器件的边框、WO₃薄膜的最佳厚度和离子储存区尺寸进行了系统优化。结果表明,制备得到的WO₃薄膜在550 nm波长处的调制率高达78%,1000圈循环伏安曲线测试后电荷储量衰减率仅为3.5%;设计的窗帘式器件显色区域高度可控,且消除了对电极对器件性能的影响。该研究为电致变色器件结构创新提供了新思路。     

直流溅射法制备电致变色WO_3膜

采用ＷＯ３陶瓷靶直流溅射制作了电致变色膜．介绍了制膜工艺．分析测试表明，膜有无定形结构；除有正常成分ＷＯ３外，还含有来自衬底及反应室内的微量杂质．电致变色谱响应特性和电化学特性的测量证明，膜的电色活性良好．还对实验结果作了理论分析．     

液氮冷却法全无机智能窗器件的制备及其性能研究

为降低溅射过程中摹片温度的上升,进而成功制备非晶多孔、纳米微晶态电致变色薄膜和非晶态离子导电薄膜,介绍了一种配置于磁控溅射设备的液氮冷却装置.利用该装置制备了由WO3、NiOx和LiNbO3 薄膜组成的单基片全无机电致变色智能窗器件.采用分光光度计对该器件的电致变色性能进行了测试,并计算了它的漂白和着色态在400 nm到800 nm波长范围内的平均透射率.实验结果表明,经过50次循环后,该器件的漂白和着色态的平均透射率分别为61.5%和5.5%.X射线衍射和扫描电镜(SEM)图像显示,组成该器件的WO2、NiOx和LiNbO3薄膜分别为非晶多孔、纳米微晶和非晶态结构.     

Electrochromism in WO3 thin films. II. LiClO4-dioxolane-water electrolytes

The performances of electrochromic cells with evaporated amorphous WO₃ thin film as electrochromic material in (2.5 M) LiClO₄-dioxolane-water electrolytes are presented. A comparison with the results previously obtained in propylene carbonate instead of dioxolane solvent is carried out. The influence of the following parameters has been studied: the thickness of the film, the water content in the electrolyte, the potential applied to the electrochromic electrode during coloration and bleaching processes.     

Highly porous nickel oxide thin films prepared by a hydrothermal synthesis method for electrochromic application

We report NiO nanowall thin films prepared by a facile hydrothermal synthesis method and their electrochromic application. The as-prepared porous nanowall NiO thin films show a highly porous structure built up by many interconnected nanoflakes with a thickness of about 30 nm. The electrochromic performances of the NiO films are characterized by means of UV–vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements. The effect of the annealing temperature on electrochromic properties is discussed. The NiO nanowall film annealed at 300 °C exhibits much better electrochromic performance than those counterparts annealed at higher temperature. The film annealed at 300 °C exhibits a noticeable electrochromism with reversible color changes from transparent to brown dark and presents a transmittance variation with 77% at 550 nm. The NiO nanowall film also shows good reaction kinetics with fast switching speed, and the coloration and bleaching times are 3 s and 4 s, respectively. The improved electrochromic performances are due to the porous morphological characteristics with fast ion and electron transfer resulting in fast reaction kinetics and high color contrast.     

Preparation of UV curing crosslinked polyviologen film and its photochromic and electrochromic performances

Polyether urethane diacrylate matrix (PEUDA) and acrylate-functional viologen (ACV²⁺) were successfully synthesized and characterized in detail by FTIR and ¹H NMR spectra, respectively. Subsequently, they were used to prepare UV curing crosslinked polyviologen film in combination with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), trimethylolpropane ethoxylate triacrylate (TMPTA) and diphenyl (2, 4, 6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide (TPO). UV curing approach confined the polyviologen film on ITO electrode, which imparted the film excellent adhesion ability to ITO glass, good solvent resistance, excellent chemical stability, excellent optical and electrochemical properties. The crosslinked PACV²⁺ film exhibited excellent photochromic and electrochromic performances. After UV illumination for 60 s, the crosslinked PACV²⁺ film can swiftly change its color from pale yellow to deep blue, while the optical transmission of crosslinked PACV²⁺ film at 610 nm did not change significantly and still retained about 63.6% after 30 cycles. Simultaneously, the cyclic voltammetry experiment showed the PACV²⁺ film can undergo repeatable electrochemical redox reactions with good reversibility beyond the 10th scan. Furthermore, the electrochromic device composed of the PACV²⁺ film and gel electrolyte film can undergo reversible color change in response to the external voltages of −2.0 V and 2.0 V, respectively, while the contrast of EC device at 610 nm did not change significantly and still retained about 39.5% after 10 cycles. This UV curing approach to preparing viologen-functional film offers a method to preparing large-scale photo- and electrochromic device, which is relatively simple, high productivity, energy saving, and environmental protection.     

部分阳离子取代优化铜锌锡硫硒薄膜太阳能电池性能研究进展

作为无机化合物薄膜太阳能电池中具有代表性的一类电池,铜锌锡硫硒(Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4,简称CZTSSe)薄膜太阳能电池因其组成元素地壳含量丰富、低毒等优点受到广泛关注.目前,吸收层的高缺陷密度和器件的低开路电压被认为是限制该类电池效率的两个关键因素.为了突破这两大困境,科研人员发展了阳离子取代方法,即通过引入其...     

WO3-based electrochromic windows - problems and status

An electrochromic (EC) window based upon the reversible formation of lithium tungsten bronze is described in terms of its component layers as well as an over-all device. The requirements and restrictions imposed upon window design and behaviour by the materials available are considered, as is the inter-relation between their properties. The sheet conductance of transparent tin oxide coated glass and the conductivity of the lithium electrolyte are considered, and shown to be important in determining uniformity and speed of window behaviour during colour/bleaching operations. The relation between thin film preparative methods and the resulting film properties is emphasised. Some basic scientific problems are considered, and particular stress is placed upon the importance of knowing about the structure of the thin film WO₃. The absence of an hermetic seal is seen as a possible barrier to commercial exploitation. But the field is ready for the bold investor. Paper presented at the 6th Euroconference on Solid State Ionics, Cetraro, Calabria, Italy, Sept. 12–19, 1999.     

An electrochromic device (ECD) cell characterization on electron beam evaporated MoO3 films by intercalating/deintercalating the H+ ions

Thin films of molybdenum oxide (MoO₃) is one of the most interesting layered intercalation materials because of its excellent application in solid state batteries, large-area window and display systems. In recent years there has been considerable interest in variable transmittance electrochromic devices (ECD) based on Li⁺, H⁺ and K⁺ intercalation in transition metal oxide (MoO₃) thin films. In the present investigation, thin films of MoO₃ were prepared by electron beam evaporation technique on microscopic glass and fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass substrates for the application in electrochromic device cells. The compositional stoichiometry of the films was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrochromic nature of the films has been analyzed by inserting H⁺ ions from the H₂SO₄ electrolyte solution using the cyclic-voltammetry (CV) technique. We studied the electrochromic device cells (ECD) incorporating an evaporated MoO₃ thin films as electrochromic layers. The devices exhibit good optical properties with low transmittance values in the colored state, which make them suitable for large-area window applications. The maximum coloration efficiency of the cell was observed at about 70 cm²/C.     

Electrochromic and photoluminescence properties of cobalt oxide thin films prepared by spray pyrolysis

Cobalt oxide thin films were prepared by a facile spray pyrolysis technique, using a perfume atomizer with an aqueous solution of hydrated cobalt chloride salt with a molar concentration of 0.025?M as a source of cobalt. The films were deposited onto glass substrates at temperature of 350?°C. The structural, morphological, and electrochromic properties of the obtained films were studied. It was found from X-ray diffraction analysis that the films were polycrystalline in nature with spinel-type cubic structure and preferred orientation along [111] direction. The Scanning Electron Microscopy images revealed a porous structure with the average grain size around 200?nm. The cyclic voltammetry measurements revealed that Cobalt oxide thin film is an anodically coloring electrochromic material with a transmittance variation in the visible range of 31%, and a fast response time (about 2?seconds) and a good cycling stability. These electrochromic performances make cobalt oxide thin film an attractive material for using as an anodic electrochromic material in smart windows devices. The photoluminescence spectra exhibited a strong emission in the visible region confirming the good crystallinity properties of Co₃O₄ thin films.