PGNAA煤质在线测量中同时提高C、O和其它元素测量精度的慢化体模拟（英文）

提出两种慢化体设计方案,第一种方案直接在原有慢化体中引入孔道,第二种方案在慢化体中增加一层铅之后再引入孔道.利用蒙特卡罗方法对两种方案进行研究.计算结果表明,采用第一种方案可以有效地提升C、O元素的测量精度,但同时会降低H、Si等元素的测量精度;采用第二种方案可提高C元素和O元素的测量精度,同时也可以提高H、Si等其它元素的测量精度.     

用衍射光栅和CCD测量透明材料折射率

介绍了一种基于衍射光栅干涉和CCD图像测量的测量透明材料折射率的方法。这种方法使用的仪器少,操作简单,配合CCD与图像处理的运用,尝试的两种测量方案都使精度能够达到10^-4。两种测量方案对同一玻璃基片的测量结果基本吻合,而第二种测量方案的测量精度要优于第一种,这是因为就我们目前的实验条件而言,CCD判别条纹移动的精度对折射率测量的影响要小于角度测量精度对之的影响。该方法还可以测量各向同性透明薄膜样品的折射率,为探索新型有机薄膜的折射率及其有关特性提供便利的手段。讨论了测量的基本原理和样品的测量结果,并对实验方法误差进行了分析。     

工作压强对硅掺杂辉光放电聚合物结构和性能的影响

采用辉光放电聚合技术,在不同工作压强条件下制备了掺硅的辉光放电聚合物(Si-GDP)薄膜.并采用傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对Si-GDP薄膜进行了表征,分析了压强变化对其内部结构及成分的影响.利用紫外—可见光谱对Si-GDP薄膜的光学带隙进行了分析.结果表明:Si-GDP薄膜中Si元素主要以Si—C,Si—H,Si—O,Si—CH₃的键合形式存在;随着工作压强的增大,薄膜中Si—C键相对含量先减小后增加;从Si-GDP薄膜的XPS分析可以发现,C—C与C C含 关键词： 硅掺杂辉光放电聚合物薄膜 工作压强 傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱 X射线光电子能谱     

基于RFID标签的分布式温度测量系统设计

射频识别（RFID）技术是一种低成本且高效的非接触式自动识别技术,其具有的识别速度快,识别距离远等优点,使其具有非常广泛的应用前景。设计一种基于RFID的分布式多点温度测量系统,系统由RFID电子标签、读写器、主接收机和PC组成,实现各节点温度的实时采集功能。为了提高各节点的温度测量精度,提出了一种测温补偿算法,采用最小二乘拟合的方案,克服由于器件的不准确而引入的测量误差。结果表明,该系统可以有效完成多点温度测量采集的功能,同时具有非常高的精确性。     

改善Si3N4俘获层过擦现象的第一性原理研究

采用第一性原理方法对如何改善电荷俘获存储器的过擦现象进行了研究. 过擦是由于氮空位中Si原子对电荷的局域能力弱导致, 因此, 在Si₃N₄超胞中分别建立了以C, N, O替换氮空位中的Si原子的缺陷结构作为本文的研究模型. 分别计算了擦写之后体系的巴德电荷分布、相互作用能、态密度, 借以分析替位原子对过擦的影响. 巴德电荷分布的计算结果表明, Si₃N₄在O替位128号Si后的过擦现象被明显改善; C替位128号Si也可以改善过擦, 但由于C替位对电荷的局域作用变弱, 不利于电荷的存储实现; N替位128号Si则不能改善过擦; 而在162和196号Si位置, 三种原子的替换均无法改善过擦现象. 相互作用能的研究表明, 在128号Si位置, 三种原子都能够和氮空位形成团簇, 在体系中稳定存在. 特别地, O替位Si后, 体系中两缺陷的相互吸引作用最弱, 从而写入的电荷能够短暂的打破O团簇的稳定性, 实现电荷重构, 将电荷局域在O团簇周围. 此外, 态密度的分析结果表明O在128号Si位置能够在Si₃N₄禁带中引入深能级缺陷, 深能级局域电荷的能力强. 以上分析证明, O替位可以很好的改善Si₃N₄中的过擦现象. 本文的研究结果为电荷俘获存储器改善过擦提供了一种方法, 对提高器件的电荷保持特性和优化存储窗口具有指导意义.     

利用拉曼散射测量燃烧场的组分浓度及温度

介绍了利用拉曼散射测量燃烧流场温度及组分浓度的物理方法和实验测量结果。利用可调谐KrF准分子激光激发振动拉曼散射（VRS）测量了甲烷－空气燃烧火焰内不同空间的主要组分分子（CH4、N2、O2、H2O等）浓度及温度,测量误差小于10％;另外用N2的拉曼谱拟合测量了火焰的温度,测量精度高于5％。在实验中采用了偏振技术及波长调谐提高了信噪比和测量精度。     

基于激光诱导击穿光谱技术定量测量甲烷/空气混合当量比的实验研究:门控模式及激光波长的影响分析

激光诱导击穿光谱技术(LIBS)作为一种新型光谱分析方法,近年来被逐渐应用于燃烧诊断领域。在甲烷/空气混合气中建立了一套LIBS测试系统,利用H,O,N不同特征谱线强度比实现了对甲烷、空气燃空当量比的定量测量。在"门控"模式下,比较分析了H656/O777与H656/N746这两种定标曲线对燃空当量比的测量效果,发现H656/O777可以实现更好的预测精度与更高的灵敏度;"非门控"模式可以利用更多的谱线强度比(H656/O777,H656/N+500,H656/N+567和H656/N746)进行标定测量,其中H656/O777的测试效果最好。比较分析了"门控"与"非门控"两种检测模式对标定测量的影响:"门控"检测模式在拟合优度与预测精度方面都要略优于"非门控"模式。此外,在保持聚焦点能量密度相同的情况下,研究了1 064,532和355nm三种不同激光波长对H,O和N特征谱线及H656/O777标定曲线斜率的影响:H,O和N特征谱线强度、信噪比以及H656/O777标定曲线的斜率均随激光波长的增加而增加。在三种波长中,1 064nm的激光最适合作为LIBS技术的光源,定量测量甲烷/空气混合气当量比。最后,分别从等离子体电子密度、温度对谱线强度与分布函数的影响方面,对以上实验结果给出理论上分析与说明。     

高纯度3,4,9,10 Perylenetetracarboxylic Dianhydride-PTCDA的元素分析及核磁共振谱和X射线衍射谱的测试与分析

采用真空升华的方法,对国产纯度为98%的苝四甲酸二酐(简称PTCDA)粉末,在其升华点450 ℃进行了提纯。应用朗伯比尔定律及紫外-可见光分光光度计测试分析,其纯度可达99.8%;利用元素分析仪,对提纯前、后分子中的C元素和H元素含量进行了对比测定,结果表明提纯后的PTCDA分子中C和H含量十分接近理论值;采用核磁共振(NMR)谱,研究了分子中H元素的归属得出,处于两种不同化学环境中的H原子数目相等并且它位于芳环上,其分子中存在酸酐;对PTCDA分子的化学键的形成讨论后得出,高纯度PTCDA分子中的C,H,O原子主要以共价键结合;使用X射线衍射(XRD)仪,测试分析了这种有机材料的结晶状态及其晶体结构指出,提纯后的PTCDA多晶粉末存在α-PTCDA及β-PTCDA两种物相,主要成份为α-PTCDA,而β-PTCDA约占总成份的五分之一。其晶胞属于平面单斜晶系底心点阵结构。同时详细研究了在其升华点沉积在P型单晶Si(100)表面,由此形成薄膜的晶体状态及其晶粒度的尺寸和能带结构。高纯度α-PTCDA分子在P—Si单晶表面形成有机层单晶薄膜时,在其薄膜的分子层平面的上、下及其两侧,将由π电子云所覆盖。由于C,H和O原子最外层价电子轨道的交叠形成离域大π键,从而产生价电子的共有化运动,使其能级分裂为能带。它的价带与第一紧束缚带的能量差为2.2 eV,使这种有机材料具有半导体导电的性质,本征载流子浓度为1014 cm-3,属于弱p型有机半导体材料;它与P—Si的交界面可形成同型异质结,对可见光至近红外波段的光有很好地响应。     

光谱仪联合使用提高谱线的测量宽度

为了提高光谱仪测量谱线的精度,推导出计算机自动控制多光栅转动的光谱仪测试系统的角色散率、线色散率和分辨本领等参量公式,提出一种将两台光谱仪联合使用以提高谱线测量精度的测量方法.理论分析了两台光谱仪联合测激光线宽的原理,并用两台光谱仪联合使用对He-Ne激光谱线宽度进行了测量.实验结果表明,两台光谱仪联合测量He-Ne激光谱线的半峰全宽的放大倍数3.38×105,比单台光谱仪测量至少可以将谱线宽度的测量精度提高5个数量级.     

基于法拉第效应的空间电磁场测量的方向性研究

为了解决空间电磁场测量中的方向性问题,提出了三维测量和同时测量横、纵向磁场的两种方案.利用琼斯矩阵对三种晶体实例(TbY)IG、Ce:YIG和YIG进行误差计算和仿真,并对MR4磁光玻璃的方向性进行实验测试,理论和实验都证明采用三维测量的方法是可行的.对于第二种方案,利用琼斯矩阵进行公式推导得出椭圆偏振光的方位角、椭偏角与法拉第旋转角、磁致线双折射的数值关系,证明了同时测量横向和纵向磁场分量的可行性.     

Controlled teleportation of high-dimension quantum-states with generalized Bell-state measurement

In this paper a scheme for controlled teleportation of arbitrary high-dimensional unknown quantum states is proposed by using the generalized Bell-basis measurement and the generalized Hadamard transformation. As two special cases, two schemes of controlled teleportation of an unknown single-qutrit state and an unknown two-qutrit state are investigated in detail. In the first scheme, a maximally entangled three-qutrit state is used as the quantum channel, while in the second scheme, an entangled two-qutrit state and an entangled three-qutrit state are employed as the quantum channels. In these schemes, an unknown qutrit state can be teleported to either one of two receivers, but only one of them can reconstruct the qutrit state with the help of the other. Based on the case of qutrits, a scheme of controlled teleportation of an unknown qudit state is presented.     

Probabilistic Teleportation of a Four-Particle Entangled W State

In this paper, two schemes for teleporting an unknown four-particle entangled W state is proposed. In the first scheme, two partial entangled four-particle states are used as quantum channels, while in the second scheme, four non-maximally entangled particle pairs are considered as quantum channels. It is shown that the teleportation can be successfully realized with certain probability, for both schemes, if a receiver adopts some appropriate unitary transformations. It is also shown that the successful probabilities of these two schemes are different.     

Schemes for Probabilistic Teleportation of an Unknown Three-Particle Three-Level Entangled State

In this paper, two schemes for teleporting an unknown three-particle three-level entangled state are proposed. In the first scheme, two partial three-particle three-level entangled states are used as the quantum channels, while in the second scheme, three two-particle three-level non-maximally entangled states are employed as quantum channels. It is shown that the teleportation can be successfully realized with certain probability, for both two schemes, if a receiver adopts some appropriate unitary transformations. It is shown also that the successful probabilities of these two schemes are different.     

Probabilistic Remote Preparation of a Three-Particle Entangled State via Two Different Non-maximally Entangled Channels

We present two schemes for preparing remotely a three-particle entangled state by two different quantum channels. In the first scheme, two partial three-particle entangled states are used as the quantum channels, while in the second scheme, three two-particle non-maximally entangled states are employed as the quantum channels. It is shown that the remote state preparation can be successfully realized with certain probability, for both two schemes, if a sender performs some projective measurements and a receiver adopts some appropriate unitary transformations. It is shown also that the successful probabilities of these two schemes are different.     

Probabilistic Remote Preparation of a Three-Particle Entangled State via Two Different Non-maximally Entangled Channels

We present two schemes for preparing remotely a three-particle entangled state by two different quantum channels. In the first scheme, two partial three-particle entangled states are used as the quantum channels, while in the second scheme, three two-particle non-maximally entangled states are employed as the quantum channels. It is shown that the remote state preparation can be successfully realized with certain probability, for both two schemes, if a sender performs some projective measurements and a receiver adopts some appropriate unitary transformations. It is shown also that the successful probabilities of these two schemes are different.     

Quantum Dense Coding Without Joint Measurement

We propose two schemes for quantum dense coding without Bell states measurement. One is deterministic, the other is probabilistic. In the deterministic scheme, the initial entangled state will be not destructed. In the probabilistic scheme, the initial unknown nonmaximal entangled state will be transformed into a maximalentangled one. Our schemes require two auxiliary particles and perform single-qubit measurements on them. Thus our schemes are simple and economic.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary three—particle state

We propose two schemes for teleporting an arbitrary three-particle state.In the first scheme,a two-particle state and a three-particle entangled state (both non-maximally entangled states)are used as quantum channels,while in the second scheme,three non-mnaximally entangled particle pairs are employed as quantum channels.We show that teleportation can be successfully realized with certain probability if a receiver adopts some appropriate unitary transformations.Their success probabilities and the classical communication costs are different.     

An optimized encoding method for secure key distribution by swapping quantum entanglement and its extension

Song [Song D 2004 Phys. Rev. A69034301] first proposed two key distribution schemes with the symmetry feature.We find that, in the schemes, the private channels which Alice and Bob publicly announce the initial Bell state or the measurement result through are not needed in discovering keys, and Song's encoding methods do not arrive at the optimization.Here, an optimized encoding method is given so that the efficiencies of Song's schemes are improved by 7/3 times. Interestingly, this optimized encoding method can be extended to the key distribution scheme composed of generalized Bell states.     

利用非局域控制非门操作纯化三粒子纠缠态

提出了两套三粒子纠缠态的纯化方案.第一个方案选择部分纠缠GHZ态作为量子通道,利用具有一个控制位和一个靶位的非局域控制非门操作和采用集体么正操作及适当地制备三粒子A,B和C的初始态,可以以最佳几率2|β|2获得最大三粒子纠缠态.第二个方案选择EPR对作为量子通道,通过利用具有一个控制位和两个靶位的非局域控制非门操作和采用集体么正操作及适当地制备三粒子A,B和C的初始态,可以以与第一个方案相同的几率获得最大三粒子纠缠态.两个方案都可以推广到N粒子纠缠态的纯化.