大变焦范围电调谐液晶变焦透镜的研究

基于向列相液晶指向矢随施加电场作用发生变化的特性, 结合几何光学和液晶理论提出了一种液晶透镜结构模型, 研究了电极大小、隔垫物厚度等液晶透镜参数对液晶透镜焦距的影响. 通过优化参数, 得到结构简单、变焦范围较大的新型液晶透镜样品, 在驱动电压0 V_RMS–250 V_RMS下可调的焦距范围为75–230 mm, 达到155 mm.     

向列相液晶分子结构与黏度关系研究及BPNN-QSAR模型建立

用于光学、微波通信调谐等器件的向列相液晶材料需要具备高响应速度来实现应用需求.液晶器件响应速度与液晶的旋转黏度、液晶的双折射率等因素相关.微波器件用向列相液晶,常采用大π-电子共轭体系、大极性基团来提高液晶分子的双折射率和介电各向异性,实现宽相位调制量,也因此增大了液晶材料黏度,影响了微波器件的响应速度.本文以液晶黏度因素为主线,对本课题组设计合成的42种向列相液晶在25℃时的黏度用旋转流变仪进行测试,从液晶化合物的结构角度分析影响液晶黏度的因素.首次建立向列相液晶分子结构与黏度的BPNN-QSAR定量构效模型,模型测试组预测值跟真实值之间的相关系数q²=0.607>0.5,说明模型可用于液晶化合物的黏度性能预测,并对影响黏度性能的分子结构描述符进行了探讨.从实际应用出发结合本课题研究,设计了两个系列7个大双折射率液晶分子, BPNN模型测试黏度量度小于同类型分子,实验测试值与模型测试值相近.     

利用核磁共振氢谱的哈勒分析获得分子序列取向参数

本文通过全氢液晶材料的核磁共振氢谱（¹H NMR）的哈勒关联研究推测了分子序列取向参数,包括随温度变化的双峰距离及全谱图的半高峰宽.通过哈勒拟合并外推所得到的4'-正戊基-4'-氰基联苯（5CB）和混合液晶E7分子取向参数,与其它方法获得的取值一致.     

液晶相变的微结构研究

用正电子湮没和差示扫描量热(DSC)变温测量液晶(EBBA)样品的正电子湮没寿命谱及DSC曲线,结果表明正电子湮没的短寿命(τ_s)基本不变,而长寿命(τ₁)和强度(I₁)明显地有两次跳变,其跳变的温度范围与DSC所测定的相转变温度范围基本一致,在加热和冷却过程中样品在晶体相←→向列相之间的相互转变的相转变温度范围显著不同。用正电子湮没的ORE模型讨论了由于液晶相转变所引起的微结构变化,从而提出正电子是研究液晶(EBBA)相变的探针。 关键词：     

反铁电液晶TFMHxPOCBC-D2中CD2偏振红外光谱及手性烷基链受阻转动的研究

观测到反铁电液晶分子TFMHxPOCBC-D₂(4-(trifluoromethylhexy-3-d₂ carbonyl)phenyl 4'-octyloxybiphenyl caboxylate) 中CD₂的偏振红外光谱中液晶分子的手性烷基链的受阻转动，以及较大的双色吸收特性.应用一个分子模型，进行了偏振红外吸收的模拟计算，与实验结果相比较，得到液晶分子手性烷基链与分子长轴的夹角约为70°, 其受阻方向在液晶分子倾斜方向一侧的半圆内. 关键词：     

玻璃与液晶非线性光学界面反射特性的研究

本文系统地研究了由玻璃与液晶构成的非线性光学界面。用一台调Q的红宝石激光器研究了由玻璃与处于各向同性液相的液晶所构成的非线性界面。在不同入射角时非线性界面由内部全反射跃变到部分透射的阈值光强与Kaplen的平面波理论计算结果相一致。在T-T_c=2.5℃条件下测量了时间分辨的非线性界面的反射率。观察到了反射率的滞后迴线。非线性界面的这种反射率的滞后迴线可以归之于液晶分子退取向的弛豫过程。用Ar⁺激光器研究了玻璃与向列相液晶所构成的非线性光学界面,观察到了由相变而产 关键词：     

不同相下液晶5 C B磁性的数值拟合研究

以液晶5 C B材料为研究对象, 分析不同相( 晶体相, 向列相, 各相同性相)下液晶5 C B的磁化强度随外 磁场变化情况, 实验结果表明, 当外加磁场强度在50 0 0~2 30 0 0G s , -2 30 0 0~-50 0 0G s范围内变化时, 液晶 5 C B磁矩表现出抗磁性, 对实验数据进行分析, 用最小二乘法进行线性拟合, 表明液晶5 C B磁化强度与外加磁场变 化的关系符合线性关系, 且当液晶5 C B处于向列相时, 其相关系数r= -0. 9 9, 处于各相同性相时, 其相关系数r= -0. 9 3, 同时, 经观察发现, 3种不同相下的液晶5 C B的磁化强度线性拟合方程的斜率差别较大, 向列相下的液晶 5 C B磁化强度线性拟合方程斜率最大, 晶体相下的液晶5 C B磁化强度线性拟合方程斜率最小, 即表明其磁化强度 随外磁场强度变化情况相对较快, 因此, 可以通过判断拟合直线方程斜率相对大小来判断出液晶不同的相     

Monte Carlo模拟空间各向异性势向列相液晶微滴

基于分子两体势,用Monte Carlo方法计算向列相液晶微滴.两体势基于格点模型,是空间各向异性的且依赖于液晶的弹性常数.假定向列相液晶微滴具有自由表面,引入切向内禀强度定量描写表面引发的分子内禀易取向的强弱.通过各向异性势的两种方案,在低温下计算切向内禀强度和二阶序参数在微滴内不同区域的变化,与Lebwohl-Lasher模型作对比分析.结果表明:只有一种方案在微滴表面产生内禀易取向,且内禀强度值的大小与K₃₃/K₁₁值有关;空间不完整的向列相液晶使得微滴由内层到外层有序度越来越低.     

向列相液晶中强非局域空间光孤子的相互作用

在数值和实验上研究了向列相液晶中空间光孤子的相互作用.向列相液晶中的响应函数为指数衰减函数,这不同于Snyder-Mitchell模型.数值模拟发现向列相液晶中的孤子相互作用仍然满足交叉点位置与输入功率的平方根成反比,强非局域下的Snyder-Mitchell模型交叉点位置与两束光的间距无关,而在向列相液晶中交叉点位置与两束光的间距有关;在实验上发现,向列相液晶中两束光交叉点的位置与输入功率平方根成反比,还和形成孤子的临界功率以及两束光之间的间距有关. 关键词： 强非局域非线性 向列相液晶 孤子相互作用 交叉点     

向列相液晶中光学相位共轭技术的研究进展

对向列相液晶中光学相位共轭技术的研究进展进行了介绍,分析总结了向列相液晶中光学相位共轭过程的机理与实验方法,并对向列相液晶中的光学相位共轭技术的应用前景进行了展望。     

PMRD investigations of molecular dynamics and phase transitions in the liquid crystal 6CHBT

Proton Magnetic Relaxation Dispersion (PMRD) measurements were carried out over a wide Larmor frequency range near the isotropic-nematic transition temperature (T _NI) and in the mid nematic phase of a low viscous liquid crystal 4-(trans-4′-hexylcyclohexyl)-isothiocyanatobenzene (6CHBT), with a view to examining the pre-transitional effects just above isotropic-nematic transition (T > T _NI) and the role of director fluctuations (DF) on the nematic phase stability of this system. The results near the transition indicate critical slowing down of the short-range nematic order modes just above T _NI with a mean field critical exponent characterizing the coherence length (ξ). The observed temperature independence of the correlation time associated with the reorientations (τ_R) and the extension of DF mode spectrum, in the mid-nematic phase, to relatively higher resonance frequencies seem to suggest fairly low hindering barriers for the tumbling of the molecules about their short axes.     

Phase transition behavior of hydrogen bonded liquid crystal (6BA)<Subscript>2</Subscript>-(BPy)<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Bold">x</Emphasis></Subscript> as studied by <Superscript>2</Superscript>H NMR

The thermal properties and the orientational order of hydrogen-bonded liquid crystals (6BA)₂-(BPy)_0.4 and (6BA)₂-(BPy)_0.3 (6BA: 4-n-hexylbenzoicacid, BPy: 4,4’-bipyridine) were investigated by DSC and ²H NMR. On cooling, isotropic liquid - liquid crystal phase transition temperatures were T _C= 409 and 405 K for (6BA)₂-(BPy)_0.4 and (6BA)₂-(BPy)_0.3, respectively. Thermal anomalies in the liquid crystal phase were observed at T _LC1= 402 and T _LC2= 375 K for (6BA)₂-(BPy)_0.4 and at T _LC1= 398 and T _LC2= 375 K for (6BA)₂-(BPy)_0.3. For (6BA)₂-(BPy)_0.4, only the smectic component was created above T _LC1. In addition, the nematic component was created below T _LC1. The nematic component gradually changed to the smectic component with decreasing temperature and only the smectic component was observed below T _LC2. For (6BA)₂-(BPy)_0.3, only the nematic component was created above T _LC2. The phase transition from the nematic phase to the smectic phase took place at around T _LC2.     

Proton activity and spontaneous strain of Cs3H(SeO4)2 in the phase transition at 369 K

We have investigated the origin of the change in proton activity in the phase transition at T_II-III (=369 K) in Cs₃H(SeO₄)₂ from the viewpoint of its ferroelasticity by using ¹H NMR and X-ray measurements. It is found that the second moment of the ¹H NMR absorption line rapidly decreases at T_II-III with increasing temperature. From this result, we conclude that the hopping motion of a proton, which is the precursor motion in the superprotonic phase, becomes more active above T_II-III. This result is consistent with the fact that the electrical conductivity in phase II is larger than that in phase III. Furthermore, it is also found that the spontaneous strain decreases abruptly at T_II-III. From these results, it is deduced that the decrease in the spontaneous strain at T_II-III causes the increase in the proton activity at T_II-III. In addition, it is deduced that the increase in proton activity and the decrease in the spontaneous strain at T_II-III are closely related with the appearance of the superprotonic phase transition at T_I-II (=456 K).     

Phase transition and ferroelastic property studied by using the Cs nuclear magnetic resonance in a CsHSO4 single crystal

The ¹³³Cs spin-lattice relaxation time in a CsHSO₄ single crystal was measured in the temperature range from 300 to 450 K. The changes in the ¹³³Cs spin-lattice relaxation rate near T_c1 (=333 K) and T_c2 (=415 K) correspond to phase transitions in the crystal. The small change in the spin-lattice relaxation time across the phase transition from II to III is due to the fact that during the phase transition, the crystal lattice does not change very much; thus, this transition is a second-order phase transition. The abrupt change of T₁ around T_c2 (II-I phase transition) is due to a structural phase transition from the monoclinic to the tetragonal phase; this transition is a first-order transition. The temperature dependences of the relaxation rates in phases I, II, and III are indicative of a single-phonon process and can be represented by T₁⁻¹=A+BT. In addition, from the stress-strain hysteresis loop and the ¹³³Cs nuclear magnetic resonance, we know that the CsHSO₄ crystal has ferroelastic characteristics in phases II and III.     

Critical slowing down of fluctuations in p-terphenyl and p-quaterphenyl observed by proton spin-lattice relaxation

The temperature evolution of the proton spin-lattice relaxation time T₁ in p-terphenyl and in p-quaterphenyl around their order-disorder phase transition has been measured. In both cases pretransitional collective fluctuations destroy the high temperature Arrhenius behaviour of the relaxation rate corresponding to a single reorientational jump motion. The spin-lattice relaxation times present then a drastic decrease until the transition temperature (T₀ = 193 K in p-terphenyl, T₀ = 238 K in p-quaterphenyl). This decrease is associated to the critical slowing down of fluctuations. In the low temperature phase the ordering phenomena lead to a sharp drop of the spin-lattice relaxation rate.     

Dynamic critical scattering near the smectic-A—nematic phase transition in CBOOA

High resolution neutron quasielastic scattering has been applied to a study on the critical dynamics near the smectic-A—nematic phase transition in CBOOA. A line narrowing is observed for a certain value of the momentum transfer. We interpret this narrowing as a critical slowing down of the smectic order parameter fluctuations near the transition temperature T_SN. The relaxation times vary between 10^-8 and 10^-7 sec for a temperature interval of 2 K below T_SN.     

Ferroic phase transitions in β-LiNH4SO4

Abstract

The paper reviews the results of experimental and theoretical studies of ferroic phase transitions in β-LiNH₄SO₄ and its deuterated analogue. β-LiNH₄SO₄ undergoes succesive phase transitions: a paraelectric - ferroelectric phase transition at T₁ ? 462 K, a ferroelectric - ferroelastic phase transition at T₂ ? 283 K and a transition from one ferroelastic phase to the other at T₃ ? 28 K. Attention is focused on the influence of the order of phase transitions on the pattern of ferroelectric and ferroelastic domain structure, and also on the role played by the dynamics of molecular groups in the mechanism of transitions. The pre-transition effect connected with the ferroelectric-paraelectric transition: heterophase, capable of accounting for anomalies in different physical properties present 1-3 K below T₁ is shown. The anomalous temperature variation of spontaneous polarisation of the crystal is discussed within the framework of the phenomenological model of weak ferroelectrics.     

Structures and phase transition in Rb2NaHoF6

The phase transition at T_c=172(2) K and high as well as the low temperature structures at 205 K and 17 K were studied with a low temperature Guinier diffractometer and camera. A second order phase transition (Γ-condensation of the T_1g mode) lowers the symmetry from Fm3m at T>;T_c to I4/m at T<T_c. In the low temperature phase the octahedra are tilted (5.2 degrees at 17 K) and slightly stretched. The increase of the tilt angle and the linear increase of the tetragonal distortion suggests a mean field power law. This classical behaviour would agree with the assumption of a Jahn Teller splitting of the Ho³⁺ electronic state.     

Reexamining the phase diagram of the Gay—Berne fluid

This work reexamines and updates earlier investigations on the phase behaviour of the Gay-Berne liquid crystal model, concentrating on the effect of varying temperature. Constant volume and constant pressure Monte Carlo simulations are combined for systems consisting of N = 500 molecules along different isotherms over the reduced temperature range 0.60 ≤ T ≤ 1.25. As in previous simulation studies of the model, the study identifies nematic and smectic B phases on compressing the isotropic fluid, the particular phase sequence depending on temperature. The nematic phase is found to be stable with respect to the isotropic phase for reduced temperatures T ≥ 0.75. In the temperature range 0.75 ≤ T ≤ 1.25, the phase boundaries of the isotropic-nematic transition are obtained by computing the Helmholtz free energy of both phases from thermodynamic integration. From the simulation data, the relative volume change at the isotropic-nematic transition is about 2%, and this value appears to be rather insensitive to changes in temperature. On compressing the nematic phase, the Gay-Berne fluid undergoes a strong first-order transition to the smectic B phase. This transition is studied by using constant pressure simulation, and the coexistence properties are estimated from the limits of mechanical stability of the nematic phase. Larger relative volume changes are found at the transition than those suggested by previous studies, with typical values increasing up to 10.5% as the temperature is decreased. The results are consistent with the existence of strong coupling between nematic and smectic order parameters. For temperatures T ≤ 0.70 the nematic phase is no longer stable, and the phase sequence isotropic-smectic B is observed. Therefore, the Gay-Berne model exhibits an isotropic-nematic-smectic B triple point. Extrapolating the present simulation data, this triple point is located approximately at reduced temperature T_INB ? 0.70 and reduced pressure P_INB ? 1.825.     

分子双轴性与向列型液晶在各向同性相的最低过冷温度

在分子场近似下,研究分子双轴性对向列型液晶在各向同性相最低过冷温度T^*的影响.理论结果表明,通过考虑分子双轴性,各向同性相最低过冷温度T^*与向列相—各向同性相相变温度T_c的比值向实验值靠近.当分子双轴性参数δ取到0.3时,T^*/T_c达到0.9817,已很接近0.99的实验值. 关键词：