大角带宽高衍射效率体全息光栅的设计和制备

高性能体全息光栅是全息波导的重要耦合元件,角带宽小、平均衍射效率不高是制约体全息光栅性能的重要因素。以不对称倾斜记录为出发点,设计并制备了大角带宽高衍射效率的体全息光栅。首先讨论在横电模式光和横磁模式光下体全息光栅的记录参数与其衍射效率的关系,找到平均衍射效率较高的记录参数范围,随后进一步分析在此范围内的记录参数与体全息光栅的角带宽的关系,从而确定获得大角带宽高衍射效率体全息光栅的最佳记录参数。实验结果表明:在参考光入射角度为25°、信号光入射角度为30°时,制备的体全息光栅的角带宽达到±14°,衍射效率为82%。     

MO／PVA薄膜材料在Ar^＋激光488.0nm线预辐照下的红光多重全息存贮

报道了甲基橙偶氮染料掺杂的聚乙烯醇薄膜材料在Ａｒ＾＋激光４８８．０ｎｍ线辐照下，用正交线偏振的６３２．８ｎｍ光作为写入光，通过旋转样品，在同一光斑内形成多个取向不同的相位光栅，实现了多重全息存贮的实验结果。在三重图象的存贮中，通过控制每次的写入时间、得到了三个均匀明亮的衍射图像，其平均衍射效率为０．１％。     

一种新型偶氮化合物中的高效率实时全息光栅的实验研究

合成了一种新的含偶氮基的三元共聚物，由于在主链中链接柔性基团，使其具有相对较低的玻璃化温度，在６３３ｎｍ处光感生双折射δｎ值可达１０＾－３量级。实验上获得了几个乃至几百微米厚的具有高光学无效性的薄膜，在６３３ｎｍ波长处写一息光栅的实时单光束衍射效率可达１０％以上。     

光致聚合物全混洗光互连全息元件的制备

采用只对红光敏感的光致聚合物全息干版通过 Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ ６３２ｎｍ激光波长两次掩膜曝光,在面积为３０ｍｍ × ６０ｍｍ的全息干版上制备出全息光学元件,并成功地用于全混洗光学互连的实验演示。全息光学元件的衍射效率为 ４０～ ５２％。     

模压彩虹全息片的衍射效率及其测量

从理论上估算了模压彩虹全息片的最高衍射效率，与实测数据做了对照；说明了用透射观察法和反射观察法评价光刻胶母版衍射效果有很大差别，并分析了产生差别的原因；提出了测量模压彩虹全息片衍射效率的光学系统与测量方法，叙述了如何解决研制中的技术问题     

反射式双峰值全息滤光片的研制

本文利用重铬酸盐明股作为记录介质,采用双曝光记录工艺,试制了反射式双峰值波长的全息滤光片.这种全息滤光片双峰值衍射效率可达87%,带宽小于10nm,是一种新的具有潜在应用前景的全息光学元件.     

一种新型叠层光敏全息记录软片

通过化学反应，在三醋酸纤维素睛基的正反两面同时生成具有感光活性的光敏层的方法，获得了一种具有叠层光敏性的全息记录软片：重铬酸盐－三醋酸纤维素酯。由该软片记录的叠层体积全息光栅，具有迄今为止，最高的一级实验衍射效率（５４％）。     

反射式全息滤光片的带宽和考虑记录介质吸收后的衍射效率

用重铬酸盐明胶底片可制成反射式全息滤光片,本文导出了这种滤光片的带宽理论公式,在修改的耦合波理论的基础上,导出了与记录全息过程中吸收系数有关的峰值衍射效率公式,由此,提出了对这种滤光片的制造和使用的建议.     

反射式窄带全息滤光片

根据耦合波理论,体积全息图有很好的滤光特性,可以作为一种窄带滤光片在实际中得到应用.本文针对峰值波长、带宽和衍射效率这三个主要参数讨论了全息滤光片的性质,提出了全息滤光片的设计步骤,并指出了全息滤光片的特点及应用前景.     

线性化求解非线性记录光栅耦合波方程

采用折射率调制特性为上凸型和下凹型的调制曲线,提出了线性化求解非线性记录全息图耦合波方程的方法。以反射相位型全息光栅为例,用耦合波理论分析计算了记录介质折射率调制为上凸型和下凹型调制曲线的体全息图的衍射光谱特性。计算结果表明,折射率调制类型对光栅衍射光谱的带宽有较大影响,对次峰峰值也有影响,而对主峰峰值和峰值位置影响不大。这些结果可以解释实验测得的全息光栅衍射光谱带宽较宽和光栅衍射光谱的多样性。     

Dynamic holography in alkali metal vapour

Problems of dynamic hologram recording on resonant absorption lines of alkali metal vapour are discussed. Light beams and media parameters are determined that are necessary for hologram recording with usable efficiency. The effects of thermal atomic motion and the radiative transport of excitation influence on the spatial frequency transfer function of two-level media are investigated. Results of hologram recording in vapour of Rb (780.0 nm) and Cs (852.1 nm) using low-power CW-lasers are presented. Transmission holograms in the volume media and reflection holograms near the boundary of the resonant vapour and the dielectric are compared. For transmission holograms the advantage of collinear read-out when using pure vapour in comparison with a counterpropagating read-out is shown, and this makes it possible to achieve higher values of hologram efficiency over a wide range of atomic density. It is shown that reflection hologram recording is characterized by higher resolution, as compared with hologram recordings in the volume of extended media. Problems of metal vapour hologram usage for laser parameter control are discussed. The feasibility of holograms in Cs-vapour usage as a spectral-selective real-time feedback element in a semiconductor laser external cavity is shown.     

All‐Dielectric Meta‐Reflectarray for Efficient Control of Visible Light

Wide‐bandgap material based all‐dielectric metasurfaces have been ideal platforms for the realization of arbitrary phase control in visible spectrum. While TiO₂ metasurfaces are very promising in broadband and high‐efficiency anomalous transmission, meta‐hologram, and meta‐lenses et al., the current realizations are strongly dependent on the sophisticated fabrication technique to fabricate TiO₂ nano‐pillars with aspect ratio > 10. Herein we experimentally demonstrate a much simpler approach to realize efficient phase control of visible light. By exploiting TiO₂ nano‐blocks as meta‐atoms on a ground metal plane, we find that TiO₂ metasurface with aspect ratio around 1‐1.5 is good enough to produce phase changes covering ‐π to π and high reflection efficiency simultaneously. Based on the phase control of the meta‐reflectarray, anomalous reflection with a ratio between anomalous reflection and normal reflection ～ 74/26 have been experimentally realized using a combination of typical electron‐beam lithography, electron‐beam evaporation, and a simple lift‐off process. Similarly, high performance TiO₂ metasurface in form of hologram has also been demonstrated for red (633 nm), green (520 nm), and blue (445 nm) wavelengths. We believe this research shall route a new way to cost‐effective all‐dielectric metasurfaces and advance their applications in encryption, anti‐counterfeiting, and wearable displays.     

二步法大景深反射全息图

以开拓反射全息图的景深表达能力为目的,从反射全息图的共轭物像关系出发,利用反射全息图的均匀介质耦合波理论和布拉格条件,对其白光再现像模糊作了具体的分析和讨论,得到色模糊和线模糊的表达式.指出反射全息图上不同各点对任意白光再现像点的色模糊和线迷糊的影响均存在差异,给出反射全息图白光再现像的景深表达式.实验利用二步法制作了一张景深为83 cm的反射全息图,与大景深彩虹全息图再现像相比,其再现像的立体感更加强烈.理论分析和实验结果表明,光源的再现角度和观察距离对反射全息图的再现像景深大小影响显著.在再现光垂直于反射全息图平面照明情况下,反射全息图具有最好的景深表达能力.     

体积全息图中光子禁带结构性质的分析

利用光子晶体的概念和方法，从理论上分析了一维全息图在再现光以不同角度入射情况下禁带结构的性质。分析表明，当再现光非正入射时，体积全息图的禁带结构是倾斜的，正入射时的非倾斜结构是倾斜结构的一个特例。     

ESR膜及在POLAR探测器中的应用

基于巨双折射光学的增强型镜面反射膜(ESR)具有高分子多层膜结构。在10~80°反射角范围内,利用623.8nm,532nm,441.6nm和413.1nm激光对ESR的反射率进行了测量,结果显示,在整个范围内有较均匀的反射率,平均反射率大于95%,平均透过率小于0.5%。XRD分析显示ESR在大尺度范围内有良好的晶化结构。在γ射线极化仪POLAR应用中,ESR作为BC448塑料闪烁体探测器反射层比用黑漆反射层的光子收集效率提高了近10倍。     

Spontaneous periodic structures induced in thin AgCl-Ag films by the continuum in the case of optical rotation of the plane of polarization

The formation of spontaneous periodic structures in thin AgCl-Ag films subject to the continuum (λ≈450–700 nm) in the case of rotation of the plane of polarization with the help of crystalline quartz is studied. The periodic structures are formed due to the excitation of waveguide TE₀ modes in spontaneous Rayleigh scattering of radiation with a wavelength λ incident on the film. The structure periods are smaller than λ and vary in proportion with λ. After special treatment of the irradiated sample (fixing and deposition of an Al layer), periodic structures form a thin reflection hologram capable of reproducing the direction of linear polarization, the angle of optical rotation, and the color of the spectrum recorded. The study of diffraction patterns and small-angle scattering from small portions of a hologram, which were exposed to light with various wavelengths in the recording process, with the help of a probing UV beam (λ_p=337 nm), made it possible to reveal special features of the manifestation of Rayleigh and Wood anomalies associated with the domain structure of PS.     

重铬酸盐明胶反射全息图的波长调节新技术研究

介绍了一种采用有机预膨胀剂调节李普曼反射全息图再现波长的新方法. 将水溶性的有机试剂丙稀酰胺作为预膨胀剂均匀加入亚甲基蓝敏化的重铬酸盐明胶（MBDCG）溶液中来制作全息干板,预膨胀剂在反射全息图的后处理阶段溶于水,明胶层发生均匀收缩,从而使再现波长向短波方向移动. 通过控制丙稀酰胺浓度,可在整个可见光区大范围定量控制再现波长.     

Hologram recording in glass and direct reconstruction using visible-wavelength laser beam

We propose a method of hologram recording in a glass plate by corona charging. The holographic recording materials used in this study are conventional soda-lime glass and azobenzene polymer film. A Fourier transform hologram on an azobenzene polymer film coated on the glass plate is recorded in the glass plate by corona charging. After removing the polymer film, the hologram recorded in the plate can be reconstructed using a visible-wavelength laser beam. The first-order diffraction efficiency of the hologram at a wavelength of 532 nm is 0.03%; the efficiency depends on the depth of the surface relief structure on the azobenzene polymer film and the corona-charging time. The hologram recorded in the glass plate has high environmental resistance.     

LiBaF3:Eu2+真空紫外光谱研究

在室温下，二价稀土离了 杂的LiBaF3:Eu^2 粉末样品中，Eu^2 的发射呈现双峰结构，有一峰值波长约为410nm的宽峰，对应于Eu^2 的5d-4f跃迁，以及另一峰值波长约为360nm的窄峰，对应于Eu^2 的4f-4f跃迁。在50－400nm波长范围，测量了样品的反射光谱，并利用Kramers-Kroenig关系，计算了吸收光谱。从吸收光谱中，可以看到在102nm处有明显的吸收边，得到LiBaF3材料的禁带宽度Eg约为12.1eV。在高能端有53.4,59.4,65.3,69.2和76.5nm的吸收峰，它们对应于Ba^2 的5p电子和F的2p电子芯能级之间的跃迁，在低能量的183.4nm处，有很明显的吸收峰，推测这对应于本征缺陷的吸收。更低能量的吸收峰，则对应于禁带中的一些杂质能级，在未经紫外光或X射线辐照之前，用长波长（＞450nm）光激发LiBaF3:Eu^2 粉末样品，可以观测到Eu^2 离子的360nm和410m发光，亦表现出光激励发光特性。     

Effect of optical activity and crystal symmetry on maximal diffraction efficiency of reflection holograms in cubic photorefractive piezocrystals

The dependence of the maximal diffraction efficiency of a volume reflection hologram recorded in a cubic optically active photorefractive piezocrystal on the crystal thickness is investigated. The theoretical analysis is fulfilled on the basis of the coupled wave equations in a static grating approximation taking into account the linear electro-optic, inverse piezoelectric, and photoelastic effects. The optimal cuts of the crystals with various thickness for which the maximal diffraction efficiency of the reflection hologram can be attained are determined. It is shown that the optical activity of the crystal is responsible for a variety of the optimal cuts corresponding to different crystal thicknesses. Effect of the crystal on the dependence of the maximal diffraction efficiency of the reflection hologram on a crystal cut is discussed.