热法磷酸塔内传热与燃烧的数值模拟

本文对热法磷酸塔内的燃烧过程及辐射传热进行了数值模拟研究,针对云南省磷化工中试基地所提供的燃磷塔的设计结构,探讨了燃磷塔壁面温度、磷火焰辐射吸收系数和壁面黑度对燃烧温度、燃磷塔山口平均温度和壁面热流的影响。数值模拟结果表明,磷火焰辐射吸收系数对塔内的传热及燃烧特性的影响最大。壁面黑度对燃烧温度、燃磷塔出口平均温度和壁面热流的影响近似呈线性规律,对燃烧温度影响作用较弱。壁面温度仅对出口平均温度的影响较大,对火焰最高温度的影响较小。上述三种因素对壁面平均热流的影响作用基本相同。所预报的壁面热流平均值与现场试验结果符合较好。     

余热驱动热耦合多级自由活塞斯特林热电联供系统研究

我国工业余热资源丰富,尤其是中低温余热具有巨大的回收利用潜力。本文提出采用热耦合多级自由活塞斯特林发电机来构建余热回收利用系统,可有效拓宽余热利用温度范围,减小余热热源传热损失。首先基于热声理论,从声阻抗角度计算考察了单级自由活塞斯特林热电联供系统在变温和变充气压力等工况下的性能;然后对一台三级自由活塞斯特林热电联供系统进行解耦计算,分别考察了供水温度、单级加热量、工作压力等因素对系统性能的影响;最后开展了实验研究,在420/350/300℃热端温度及22/22/18 kW加热量下获得自由活塞斯特林热电联产系统净输出电功10.09 kW,供热量45.29 kW,对应总热电效率为16.27%,综合热利用率为89.32%,各级相对卡诺效率分别为30.90%、32.10%、36.08%,展现出重要的应用前景。     

热法磷酸生产过程推动力和节能改造的分析

本文以有余热回收的两步法热法磷酸生产系统为研究对象,提出了热法磷酸生产过程推动力及其节能潜力的概念和计算方法,通过对实际生产系统进行的能量分析,说明了考虑过程推动力的能量分析的科学性和实用性。并在分析导致内部(火用)损失主要因素的基础上,提出了两个节能再改造构想,通过对再改造前后生产系统的能量利用、经济效果和环境影响的对比分析,证明了再改造构想具有可行性。     

交变热流下燃烧室外对流传热特性数值研究

采用数值计算对水对流换热边界下天然气燃烧及外部对流传热特性进行了研究。研究了相同燃烧功率不同水入口流速下燃烧及传热特性,得到各个区域交界面温度分布及燃烧室内辐射换热与对流换热占总换热量比例。对天然气高温空气燃烧技术在工业锅炉等设备上的应用具有很好的指导意义。     

机械式冷藏车蒸发器结霜特性的研究

机械冷藏车蒸发器结霜会增加传热热阻和减小换热量,必须对结霜过程进行深入了解。建立了一个机械冷藏车蒸发器结霜的数学模型,并计算了结霜量、蒸发器换热量随时间的变化过程。获得了各个入口空气参数对蒸发器结霜厚度和换热量的影响规律。研究发现结霜严重地影响了蒸发器换热性能。     

两相闭式热虹吸管的强化传热试验

一、前言 两相闭式热虹吸管作为传热元件的余热回收装置已经在工业生产中使用。随着余热回收量的增大和对于低品位的余热利用,以及低温差新能源的开发利用,坑口电站采用大功率风冷凝结器等情况下,需要采用高传输功率的长热虹吸管。这时,采用强化传热措施降低两相闭式热虹吸管蒸发段和凝结段的传热热阻有着十分重要的意义。     

高温热泵回收油气生产低温余热室内模拟试验及应用研究

油田生产过程中产生大量低温污水,目前这些污水多用于回注或排放。如能将这些余热资源充分利用,油气生产过程能耗可降低20%以上,同时又可减少热"污染"。针对热泵系统冷凝过程和蒸发过程特点,提出了新的冷凝过程传热和蒸发过程传热计算模型;结合油田低温余热情况,研制成功了HTHPE(High-temperature heat pump Experiment)模拟试验装置。利用HTHPE模拟试验装置进行相关试验,回归出3个经验关联式,据此分析了参数变化对系统指标的影响。利用引进的工业用热泵,对大庆某采油厂进行流程改造,进行了工程试验。研究结果表明,以热泵装置回收油气生产过程中的低温余热,节能效果显著;由于投资、运行成本和能源定价等因素限制了热泵的推广应用。     

发动机排气余热换热器传热窄点研究

本文以发动机排气余热回收有机朗肯循环系统排气换热器窄点为研究对象,针对亚临界有机朗肯循环系统中排气换热器窄点位置确定方法的不足之处,提出了一种简单快捷的确定窄点位置的新方法-平衡点法。选取R123为工质,对不同窄点温差下的各循环参数进行计算,得到了各参数值。结果表明:随着窄点温差取值的增大,换热面积与换热量等循环参数都呈减小趋势,并且在较小窄点温差值变动时对上述参数影响更加显著。传热窄点温差的取值要综合考虑传热效果、系统性能与经济性因素。     

新型三元氯化物熔盐材料的设计及热稳定性研究

为了满足规模化太阳能热发电高温传热蓄热和工业余热回收利用的要求,分析并设计了NaCl-CaCl_2-MgCl_2三元熔盐体系作为传热蓄热介质。在已有的二元相图的基础上通过共形离子溶液(conformal ionic solution,CIS)模型模拟计算获得计算相图,根据计算相图所预测的低共熔点配比制样,采用热重差热联用分析仪(TG-DSC)对样品的熔点、相变潜热进行了表征,采用高温静态法对熔盐的稳定性进行了初步分析。结果表明:计算相图预测的低共熔点(424℃)与测试结果(428.5℃)基本一致,该熔盐相变潜热高达到191.7 J/g,熔盐在低于600℃下较稳定,适合作为高温潜热蓄热材料。研究为氯化物熔盐相图和热物性提供了宝贵的数据。     

椭圆筒壁传热模型的研究

本文从椭圆的特性出发,导出了椭圆筒壁的传热方程以及温度分布,给出了椭圆筒壁的传热特性与椭圆几何参数及换热系数之间的关系;探讨了椭圆几何参数对最大换热量及临界热绝缘厚度的影响;查明了椭圆筒壁传热按圆筒壁处理的条件。     

混合模拟方法分析三维封闭腔内辐射换热

１引言工程上对炉内三维辐射换热的计算已越来越重视,较为精确的计算方法是Ｈｏｔｔｅｌ的区域法［１,２］和ＭｏｎｔｅＣａｒｌｏ方法［３］,但两者都有一定的局限性而得不到广泛应用,原因如下：对区域法,由于计算区域间直接辐射交换面积时需求解多重积分,在计算时...     

超大拓展表面三维微肋管换热器的对流换热及抗积灰特性研究

工业烟气含尘的特点易导致换热器积灰,进而制约烟气余热的高效回收。本文针对一种具有超大拓展表面的三维微肋管换热器的对流换热与积灰特性进行了研究。首先,对比研究了光管与三维微肋管的对流换热特性;接着,基于所建立的积灰数值模型,探究了三维微肋管的积灰特性,并揭示了烟气流速与飞灰粒径对其积灰特性的影响规律。结果表明,相对于传统光管,三维微肋管的换热面积可增大约2.9倍;换热性能平均能提高16%;积灰后渐进污垢热阻最大能减小70%;同时,清灰周期更长,运行经济性更佳。综合而言,三维微肋管相比传统光管,在增强换热的同时,还能有效减轻积灰,因此可作为高效的抗积灰传热元件,应用于含尘烟气的余热回收场合。     

振荡流共轭换热格子——Boltzmann模拟

振荡流共轭换热现象广泛存在于热声热机等工程应用中.基于双分布格子-Boltzmann模型,对平行平板间振荡流共轭换热进行了数值模拟.通过假定共轭界面处流体和固体的未知内能分布函数均为对应的平衡态滑移修正格式,提出了一种处理共轭换热边界的新方法.模拟结果表明,该方法可以保证共轭界面上温度连续和热流连续.分析了不同流体与固体导热系数比情况下振荡流共轭换热的速度场、温度场以及热流分布的特点.     

高炉冲渣水余热回收的可行性研究

根据高炉冲渣水的余热特点,提出了一个采用分离式热管换热器的余热回收的方案。文中对余热回收方案中换热设备的结构特点进行了描述。     

Evaluation of Heat Transfer Coefficient During Drying of Typical Municipal Solid Waste Matrices with Significant Shrinkage at Medium Temperature

High-moisture municipal solid waste leads to lower heat value, lower combustion efficiency, and frequent and serious erosion during incinerating. Municipal solid waste should be dried before being efficiently incinerated. The purpose of this work is to carry out experimental study and simulation on characteristics of moisture migration of municipal solid waste matrices at medium temperature (100°C–200°C) in a muffle furnace. Obvious shrinkage during moisture migration of biological waste matrices with high initial moisture content was observed. The results showed the initial moisture content and framework mobility of waste matrices and the rate of moisture migration influence on shrinkage; and linear relationships between shrinkage and moisture content ratio of waste matrices during the first falling-rate period at certain drying temperature were established. Certain experimental results of drying characteristics of moisture migration of biological waste matrices, such as potato slices and watermelon peels, under medium temperature were simulated using the shrinkage model with introducing a shrinkage term in the governing equations. The model was numerically solved by applying the finite-differences method. The results show good agreement with experiment data. The shrinkage of biological waste matrices can enhance surface heat transfer of matrices. Thus, shrinkage plays an important role in the drying behavior of high-moisture biological municipal solid waste matrices.     

吸附式制冷系统回热过程对系统性能的影响

在吸附式制冷系统中,回热过程起到了重要作用。理论上可回收的热量很多,实际上,由于吸附床传热系数的限制,使得回热量大大减少。同时长时间回热也减慢了吸附床的升降温速率,影响了系统运行的制冷量和能效比。本文通过对计算数据和实验数据的分析,确定了回热过程及回热时间对系统性能的影响。     

乳品行业低温余热回收系统性能分析

针对乳品行业排风风量大但品位低的特点,本文提出利用排风余热代替蒸汽来预热干燥空气的余热回收系统.在构建预热器、回热器和主加热器等部件热量流模型的基础上,建立了不包含中间节点参数的系统整体热量流模型.结合某奶粉厂运行数据对模型进行求解,结果表明,该系统将排风温度由90℃降低到42.58℃.在给定热负荷下,通过匹配中间回路...     

Transfert de chaleur par rayonnement dans un four d'incinération industriel: application de la méthode des zones

In the context of resource conservation, incineration of domestic wastes is a technique allowing an interesting potential in energy valorization. However, because of the variability (annual, monthly) in quality and quantity of raw material, one of the characteristics of waste incineration cogeneration power plants is their frequent partial or excess loading. In order to describe their behaviour at these non-nominal loads, there is a need for simulation tools which predict with accuracy the behaviour of the principal components of the plant at these loads. This paper presents an original approach for predicting the heat transfer in a waste incinerator. In particular, the model developed is applied to and validated with measurements from a waste incinerator located at the Cottendart waste incineration cogeneration power plant in Switzerland. The part of the incinerator studied is characterized by high gas temperatures (1 000-500 °C) for which radiative heat transfer represents the most important part of the global heat exchange. A three-dimensional model using nodal analysis is proposed. The radiative heat exchange is treated using the zone method. With a fine enough mesh, the behaviour of the system in regions far from the nominal point can be predicted with very high accuracy. This paper describes the model and the simulation results.     

管内耦合换热的辐射热流特征及抽样模式比较

通过数值模拟,研究了圆管层流入口段辐射与对流祸合换热中的辐射热流分布特征,提出并比较了采用蒙特卡罗法计算辐射换热的两种抽样模式。结果表明,在圆管入口段的耦合换热中,同一截面的径向辐射热流密度与轴向辐射热流密度数量级相当,世分布形态差别很大。用蒙特卡罗方法计算辐射换热时,采取等权能束的抽样模式,可消除因抽样能束的能量不同而造成的计算误差、降低计算量、提高计算精度。     

Experimental Heat Transfer Coefficients of Waste Heat Recovery Unit in Detergent Manufacturing Process

The waste heat recovery unit is one of the most important units in the chemical process. It recovers waste heat from the exhaust gas of the process resulting in the reduction of heat loss. In the detergent manufacturing process, the particulate air leaving the spray dryer is the exhaust gas containing the large amount of heat. Therefore, a waste heat recovery unit can significantly reduce heat loss. In this work, heat transfer coefficients of a waste heat recovery unit in the detergent manufacturing process were studied. Waste heat from the particulate air is recovered in the shell and coiled tube heat exchanger. The particulate air flows in the shell side, and water flows in the tube side. Four coiled tubes with different coil pitches were investigated. The results show that the tube-side heat transfer coefficient increases as the coil pitch decreases. Loading ratio also has an important effect on heat transfer coefficients. The increase of loading ratio leads to a lower value of the overall heat transfer coefficient. From 100 experiments, empirical correlations for the prediction of tube-side and shell-side heat transfer coefficients were proposed. The results indicate that the predicted heat transfer coefficients agree well with the experimental values.