高k栅介质应变Si SOI MOSFET的阈值电压解析模型

在结合应变Si,高k栅和SOI结构三者的优点的基础上,提出了一种新型的高k栅介质应变Si全耗尽SOI MOSFET结构.通过求解二维泊松方程建立了该新结构的二维阈值电压模型,在该模型中考虑了影响阈值电压的主要参数.分析了阈值电压与弛豫层中的Ge组分、应变Si层厚度的关系.研究结果表明阈值电压随弛豫层中Ge组分的提高和应变Si层的厚度增加而降低.此外,还分析了阈值电压与高k栅介质的介电常数和应变Si层的掺杂浓度的关系.研究结果表明阈值电压随高k介质的介 关键词： 应变Si k栅')" href="#">高k栅 短沟道效应 漏致势垒降低     

电压控制不连续导电模式DC-DC变换器的熵特性研究

结合DC-DC变换器非线性特性随反馈增益k变化的关系,以及熵能够反映序列总体统计特征的特点,提出一种基于熵估计DC-DC变换器非线性行为的新方法. 以一阶电压反馈不连续导电模式 DCM Buck和Boost变换器为例,详细分析了不同反馈增益k和初值x₀形成的数值序列及熵的分布情况. 研究结果表明：DC-DC变换器的熵由反馈增益k决定,与初值x₀无关,最终小于理论极大值log₂N （N为统计区间个数）;熵能够准确区分DC-DC变换器的倍周期分岔和混沌行为,从而得到一种新的可量化的DC-DC变换器非线性动力学行为指标;完善了该类变换器非线性动力学分析的理论和方法. 关键词： DC-DC变换器 熵 混沌 k')" href="#">反馈增益k     

同时反演材料热传导系数和比热的算法

讨论同时反演随温度变化的热传导系数和比热的算法.首先将材料的热传导系数和比热表示成随位置和时间变化的函数,利用伴随方程法获得目标函数对k(x,t),C(x,t)的梯度;然后将材料的热传导系数和比热直接按温度区间分段离散,建立目标函数对k(T),C(T)梯度与目标函数对k(x,t),C(x,t)的梯度的关系;随后利用这种关系进行反演计算.算例表明,这样建立的将热传导系数和比热表示为温度的分段函数进行反演的方法是可靠有效的,并且具有良好的抗噪性能.     

k光子Jaynes-Cummings模型光场的熵压缩

研究了k光子Jaynes-Cummings模型光场的熵压缩,讨论了光子数k和原子的初始状态对光场熵压缩的影响.结果表明,随光子数k的增大,光场的位置熵压缩愈趋明显,动量熵压缩量减小;当k≥3时,位置熵始终是被压缩的.原子的初态对光场的熵压缩也有一定的影响. 关键词： Jaynes-Cummings模型 熵压缩     

颗粒尺寸分散度对颗粒体系力学和几何结构特性的影响

利用颗粒离散元方法, 研究了由2048个光滑颗粒组成的体系在各向同性压缩条件下, 颗粒尺寸分散度s对颗粒体系力学和几何结构特性的影响. 结果表明: 配位数、剪切模量、静态结构因子以及取向序关联函数等都随分散度的变化而变化, 而力的累积分布不受分散度的影响. 其中, 单分散体系(亦即s=0)的静态结构因子在低波数区域(亦即低k)遵从幂律标度S(k)∝0.2k^-4/3, 各分散度下取向序关联函数峰值符合e指数变化规律g₆(r)∝ae^-r/ξ₆, 其中序关联长度ξ₆随分散度s增大而减小. 关键词： 颗粒物质 尺寸分散度 结构因子 取向序关联     

多光子激发相干态的Wigner函数

Wigner函数的负性是非经典量子态的重要判据之一.利用Fock态表象下Wigner函数的一般表达式,重构了相干态｜z〉的k光子激发态｜+k,z〉～a^－k｜z〉（k≥1）的Wigner函数,并根据其数值结果讨论了该量子态的非经典特性（这里a^－1为Bose湮没算符的逆算符,其作用相当于Bose产生算符）.结果表明,不论k取奇数还是偶数,相干态的这些k光子激发态都具有非经典特性;而且k的取值越大,这些量子态的非经典特性越明显. 关键词： 非经典量子态 激发相干态 Wigner函数 非经典特性     

稀土元素掺杂的Hf基栅介质材料研究进展

随着金属氧化物半导体场效应管(MOSFETs)等比缩小到45 nm技术节点,具有高介电常数的栅介质材料(高k材料)取代传统的SiO₂已经成为必然,然而Hf基高k材料在实际应用中仍然存在许多不足,而稀土元素掺杂在提高Hf基栅介质材料的k值、降低缺陷密度、调整MOSFETs器件的阈值电压等方面表现出明显的优势.本文综述了Hf基高k材料的发展历程,面临的挑战,稀土掺杂对Hf基高k材料性能的调节以及未来研究的趋势. 关键词： k栅介质')" href="#">Hf基高k栅介质 稀土掺杂 氧空位缺陷 有效功函数     

气候变化中高温破纪录事件的蒙特卡罗模拟研究

采用蒙特卡罗方法,分析了南京市1961年—2000年40?a日观测温度资料中的高温破纪录事件的统计规律,并比较了20世纪全球变暖和南京市近40年来区域变暖背景对其统计规律的影响. 理论分析和蒙特卡罗模拟结果均表明：近40年来南京市第ｋ个高温破纪录事件的最概然发生强度与k（k=1,2,3,\:）呈线性增长,而年发生高温破纪录事件的频率随时间t呈1/（t+1）的衰减趋势,且平均温度高的年份,发生高温破纪录事件的概率较大,反之,概率较小. 结果还表明：20世纪的全球变暖速率（ｖ=0.006?℃/a）和南京市区域的变暖速率（ｖ=0.017?℃/a）在短期内还不至于引起高温破纪录事件的发生强度和发生频率有明显变化,但持续变暖最终将会使年发生高温破纪录事件的频率渐渐地收敛于一个常数,近似等于变暖速率的值. 此外,还研究了日温度之间的自相关和方差变化对高温破纪录事件的影响,研究发现异方差和弱的自相关对高温破纪录事件的发生强度和概率的影响基本可以忽略. 关键词： 高温破纪录事件 蒙特卡罗模拟 全球变暖     

热质双扩散与流固共轭传热及吸附的LBM模拟

采用格子Boltzmann方法,基于孔隙尺度,对填有均匀介质的复合方腔顶盖驱动双扩散混合对流及流固共轭传热、吸附进行数值模拟.在孔隙率ε=0.79,普朗特数Pr=0.7,格拉晓夫数Gr=10⁴和路易斯数Le=1.0时,就不同浮升力比（-100≤Br≤100）和吸附率常数（0.001≤k₁≤0.005）对方腔内部热质传输的影响进行比较.给出流线、等温线、等浓度线、平均努赛尔数Nu_av、舍伍德数Sh_av和吸附量等.结果表明Br通过改变介质所处流场的浓度分布影响吸附,而k₁的增加显著地提高吸附效率和吸附能力.     

一类演化方程的高稳定性的差分格式

考虑一类演化方程u_t=au∂_2k+1(其中a是常数,u∂_2k+1=∂^2k+1u/∂x^2k+1,k=1,2……)的有限差分解法。构造了两类具有高稳定性的显式差分格式。并用引入耗散项的方法建立了两类半显式差分格式,它们是无条件稳定的且可显式地进行计算。     

Optical polariton properties in ZnSe-based planar and pillar structured microcavities

Strong coupling is demonstrated in monolithic ZnSe-based microcavities. Under nonresonant excitation the polariton dispersion has been investigated in dependence on the photon-exciton detuning for different excitation densities at low temperatures. For zero detuning indications of a polariton lasing threshold are observed like a k-space and energy dispersion narrowing of the lower polariton branch with increasing excitation density. Furthermore, it is observed that this effect is hampered for measurements at negative detunings as a result of the less effective polariton relaxation to the ground state. Latter results in the formation of a discrete polariton distribution at finite k values as known for the polariton bottleneck. In order to investigate the influence of a three-dimensional optical confinement on the polariton relaxation, pillar structured microcavities were fabricated. The formation of discrete polariton states in the k-space distribution is observed. Furthermore, indications for a softening of the k-conservation arising from the structural confinement are found leading to a more effective polariton relaxation. This process would be beneficial for the realization of efficient polariton lasing processes.     

The Self-avoiding Walk Spanning a Strip

Populations of unicellular organisms that grow under constant environmental conditions are considered theoretically. The size distribution of these cells is calculated analytically, both for the usual process of binary division, in which one mother cell produces always two daughter cells, and for the more complex process of multiple division, in which one mother cell can produce 2 ⁿ daughter cells with n=1,2,3,… . The latter mode of division is inspired by the unicellular algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The uniform response of the whole population to different environmental conditions is encoded in the individual rates of growth and division of the cells. The analytical treatment of the problem is based on size-dependent rules for cell growth and stochastic transition processes for cell division. The comparison between binary and multiple division shows that these different division processes lead to qualitatively different results for the size distribution and the population growth rates.     

Key role of molecular kinetic energy in early stages of pentacene island growth

Organic molecular beam deposition is studied systematically at thermal and hyperthermal regimes aiming at investigating the role of molecular kinetic energy on the growth mechanism of pentacene submonolayers on SiO _x /Si. We show that the kinetic energy of the impinging molecule (E _k ) plays a crucial role in determining island structure and shape, distribution of island sizes, the crystalline quality of the first monolayer, and even the growth mode of subsequent layers. With increasing E _k , the island structure changes from fractal to nonfractal, the shape becomes more anisotropic and the island size more uniform, pointing to correlated island growth. Moreover, while 3D island growth is observed for thermal organic molecular beam deposition, supersonic molecular beam deposition gives rise to layer-by-layer growth, at least for the first two layers. When E _k ≥5.0 eV, the first monolayer is composed of large single crystalline domains which can extend over up to 10 μm, inferred from comparing atomic force micrographs of height and net transverse shear force. In these growth conditions both the high surface diffusivity and energy redistribution play a major role. We propose a mechanism where the energy dissipation occurring during the molecule–surface collision leads to the reorientation of whole islands during island coalescence, resulting in the elimination of grain boundaries.     

Guessing probability distributions from small samples

We propose a new method for the calculation of the statistical properties, e.g., the entropy, of unknown generators of symbolic sequences. The probability distributionp(k) of the elementsk of a population can be approximated by the frequenciesf(k) of a sample provided the sample is long enough so that each elementk occurs many times. Our method yields an approximation if this precondition does not hold. For a givenf(k) we recalculate the Zipf-ordered probability distribution by optimization of the parameters of a guessed distribution. We demonstrate that our method yields reliable results.     

Phase separation in a three-dimensional,two-phase,hydrodynamic lattice gas

The dynamics of phase separation is explored using an immiscible 3D lattice-gas model. Scaling laws for the growth rate and power spectraS(k) of the growth patterns are computed. For small wavenumbersS(k) shows a crossover fromk ² tok ⁴ behavior. The theoretical prediction for the asymptotic domain growthRt ^2/3 is supported by our results. We discuss the possibility to observe an intermediatet scaling. We show the influence of hydrodynamic forces in symmetric and asymmetric mixtures by comparing simulations with and without momentum conservation. The structure functionS(k) is not significantly modified by hydrodynamics, but the growth rate changes clearly. As a general result, it is shown that, in spite of the unusual thermodynamics of this model, many characteristics of the growth dynamics are surprisingly in agreement with the classical theoretical and experimental results.     

Variations of water’s local-structure induced by solvation of NaCl

The researches on the structure of water and its changes induced by solutes are of enduring interests. The changes of the local structure of liquid water induced by NaCl solute under ambient conditions are studied and presented quantitatively with some order parameters and visualized with 2-body and 3-body correlation functions. The results show that, after the NaCl are solvated, the translational order t of water is decreased for the suppression of the second hydration shells around H₂O molecules; the tetrahedral order ｜q｜ of water is also decreased and its favorite distribution peak moves from 0.76 to 0.5. In addition, the orientational freedom k and the diffusion coefficient D of water molecules are reduced because of new formed hydrogen-bonding structures between water and solvated ions.     

Reduction of Poincaré Normal Forms

The Poincaré algorithm for reducing a system of ODEs to normal form (near an equilibrium point) is based on considering near-identity changes of coordinates generated by homogeneous polynomial functions h _k. These are chosen in such a way as to eliminate the nonresonant terms of a corresponding order. We show that careful consideration of the higher-order terms generated in the transformation, and use of the arbitrarity in the choice of h _k, permit us to obtain a significant simplification of the normal form. Our results are illustrated by a relevant example.     

Segregation during crystal growth from melt and absorption cross section determination by optical absorption method

Segregation during crystal growth from melt under two conditions is studied by using crystal mass, which can be measured easily, as an independent variable, and a method to determine the effective segregation coefficient and absorption cross section of optical dopant is given. When the segregated solute disperses into the whole or just a part of melt homogenously, the concentration C _s in solid interface will change by different formulas. If the crystal growth interface is conical and segregated solute disperses into melt in total or part, the solute concentration at r = 2/3R, where r is the distance from the growth cross section center and R the crystal radius, is independent on the shape of the crystal growth interface, and its variation at r = 2/3R can be regarded as the result from crystal growth in flat interface. With C _s variation formula in solid and absorption cross section σ for optical dopant, the absorption coefficients along the crystal growth direction can be calculated, and the corresponding experimental value can be obtained through the crystal optical absorption spectra. By minimizing the half sum, whose independent variables are k, ΔW or σ, of the difference square between the calculated and experimental absorption coefficients from one or more absorption peaks along the crystal growth direction, k and σ, or k and ΔW, can be determined at the same time through the Levenberg-Marquardt iteration method. Finally, the effective segregation coefficient k, ΔW and absorption cross sections of Nd:GGG were determined, the results fitted by two formula gave more closed effective segregation coefficient, and the value ΔW also indicates that the segregated dopant had nearly dispersed into the whole melt. Experimental results show that the method to determine effective segregation coefficient k, ΔW and absorption cross sections σ is convenient and reliable, and the two segregation formulas can describe the segregation during the crystal growth from melt relatively commendably. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50772112)     

Collisionless Currents for Cylindric Probes in a Plasma with non-Maxwellian Distribution of the Electron Energy

The radial model developed by Allen, Boyd, Reynolds and Chen [1, 2] for the ion collection of Langmuir probes is extended to describe the case of a non-Maxwellian distribution of the electron energy. Assuming standard distributions, showing with respect to the Maxwell distribution an increasing deficite of fast electrons as the parameter k of the distribution increases, the electron-retarded current characteristic, the potential distribution and the density profiles for electrons and ions in the probe sheath, ion-current characteristics as well as graphs for the ion-density determination are calculated for different k. It is shown, that the application of the Chen model (k = 1) in plasma with k > 1 leads only to a small error in the ion-density measurement.