强脉冲磁场冲击处理对铝基复合材料塑性的影响机制

铝基复合材料在加入颗粒相之后, 延伸率和塑性变形能力明显降低. 为改善其塑性变形能力, 通过对比强脉冲磁场冲击处理前后试样内部组织和残余应力的变化特征, 研究了磁致塑性效应对铝基复合材料塑性变形能力的影响机理. 结果表明: 当磁感应强度从2 T变化到4 T时, 铝基复合材料中位错密度显著增加, 4 T时的位错密度是未加磁场时的3.1倍; 3 T, 30个脉冲处理后的复合材料中残余应力值从未加磁场时的41 MPa减小为-1 MPa. 从原子尺度来看, 强磁场导致了磁致塑性效应, 从而引起了位错的运动, 并促进了位错的退钉扎和可移动位错数量的增加; 从材料内部整体结构变化来看, 磁场加速了材料内应力的释放速率, 降低了材料内部的残余应力, 从而改善了铝基复合材料的塑性变形能力.     

磁致塑性效应下的位错动力学机制

基于磁致塑性效应探讨了磁场作用下位错受力和运动机制, 对磁场下的位错动力学机制进行了定性和定量分析. 选择氧化铝纳米颗粒强化铝基复合材料为实验对象, 在不同磁感应强度下(0–3 T范围)对试样进行磁场处理. 结果表明, 随着磁感应强度增加, 位错密度提高, 表现出塑性变形特征. 分析认为, 磁场力不足以驱动位错运动, 位错增殖诱因在于磁致塑性效应, 即磁场改变了顺磁性位错芯与障碍间自由基对中的电子自旋状态, 促使自由基对从强键结合单线态向弱键结合三重态转化, 位错穿越障碍时所需能量减小, 退钉扎趋势明显; 位错运动中的限速环节是位错在障碍处的停留, 磁场诱发的电子激发和原子重排速度很快, 表现出磁场作用的高效性. 磁场起作用的临界磁感应强度约为3 T, 低于3 T时磁场作用随磁场强度增加而变得明显, 高于3 T 后磁场效果会减小. 计算得到3 T 时位错运动速度是10^-3 m/s, 位错线长度比未加磁场时增加两个数量级, 位移与磁感应强度平方和磁场作用时间成正比. 实验和理论研究表明磁场具有改善材料塑性变形能力的显著作用.     

强磁场条件下Mn-Sb梯度复合材料的制备

研究了Mn-898wt%Sb合金在无磁场以及磁场为B=88 T、不同强度的磁场梯度作用下的凝固组织变化,并分析了上述不同强磁场条件对合金凝固组织影响的作用机理.研究表明,在较大梯度磁场作用时,试样中出现了初生MnSb相与Sb相以及共晶组织共存的现象,而且初生MnSb相与Sb相产生了明显的分层现象.此外,磁场梯度作用下初生MnSb相和Sb相的含量随着磁场梯度的增大而增加.论文对初生MnSb相和Sb相的分离机理进行了探讨,发现在梯度磁场作用下,熔融金属中不同磁化率的合金组元团簇受力不同,造成 关键词： 强磁场 Mn-Sb合金 磁化力 梯度功能材料     

强磁场对Al-Si合金凝固组织中硅分布的影响

为了揭示强磁场对金属凝固组织的影响规律，本文研究了Al-14.98%Si(质量分数)和Al-9.2%Si(质量分数)合金在强磁场作用下凝固组织的变化趋势，分析了强磁场对合金凝固组织中Si分布的影响.研究发现，均恒磁场和梯度磁场分别通过洛伦兹力和磁化力的作用对合金的凝固组织产生影响，强磁场可以显著改变初晶硅在合金中的分布状况.在均恒磁场作用条件下初晶硅在合金中均匀分布；在梯度磁场条件下，由于磁化力和浮力的共同作用，初晶硅在试样的上部或下部聚集.同时，磁化力也改变了共晶体在合金中的组织形态，使试样上部和下部共晶体的层片间距明显不同.理论和实验分析表明，Al-Si合金在强磁场中凝固时，磁场能作用于凝固过程，使共晶体中的Al含量增大，共晶点向左偏移. 关键词： 强磁场 凝固过程 共晶组织 Al-Si合金     

强磁场对Mn-Sb包晶合金相变及凝固组织的影响

以Mn-56.5 wt%Sb包晶合金为研究对象, 进行了不同磁场、不同冷速条件下的凝固实验. 通过对液相线温度、包晶温度的考察, 发现强磁场可以提高Mn-56.5 wt%Sb合金的液相线温度, 且该上升值随磁感应强度的增加而增加, 当所施加的磁感应强度为11.5 T时, 液相线温度升高大约3 ℃, 但施加磁场后包晶反应温度没有明显改变. 对该合金的凝固组织进行定量金相分析发现, 施加磁场后MnSb相明显减少, 该结果与磁场对相变温度的影响相一致. 另外通过X射线衍射分析发现, 强磁场诱发包晶反应生成相MnSb的c轴垂直于磁场方向取向, 而Mn₂Sb相的(311)面平行于磁场方向取向. 对不同冷速凝固的Mn-56.5 wt%Sb合金组织进行定量金相分析结果显示, 强磁场对合金凝固过程的作用效果受到冷却速度的影响. 随着冷却速度的增加, 强磁场对该合金凝固组织中MnSb相的相对含量变化影响效果减弱. 关键词： 强磁场 包晶合金 凝固 相变温度     

微观组织结构对铂钴永磁合金磁性能的影响

系统研究了Pt-Co合金磁性能与其微观组织结构间的关系.合金铸锭的X射线衍射结果表明：熔炼后的Pt-Co合金铸锭沿冷却方向存在明显的织构;扫描电镜照片显示合金的组织结构为柱状晶结构,柱状晶的生长方向平行于冷却方向;合金铸锭经塑性变形和再结晶处理后柱状晶组织消失,电镜照片显示处理后的合金晶粒尺寸变小且均匀;对不同组织结构的Pt-Co合金磁性能的测试结果表明,经塑性变形及再结晶处理后合金的磁性能有了明显提高,说明该合金中晶粒尺寸和取向是影响其矫顽力的重要因素. 关键词： 铂钴永磁合金 磁性能 织构     

强流脉冲电子束诱发纯钛表面的微观结构及应力状态

利用强流脉冲电子束(HCPEB)装置对金属纯钛进行轰击,采用X射线衍射,扫描电子显微镜及透射电子显微镜技术详细分析了轰击样品表层的结构和缺陷. X射线衍射分析表明, HCPEB能够在材料表层诱发幅值为 GPa量级的压应力,并在(100), (102)和(103)晶面出现择优取向.表层微观结构的观察表明: HCPEB轰击后材料表层发生了马氏体相变,形成了大量的片状马氏体组织; 此外, HCPEB轰击还在辐照表面诱发了强烈的塑性变形,一次轰击后,晶粒内部的塑性变形以(100)晶面的位错滑移为主,位错密度显著提高;多次轰击后,样品变形结构发生变化,变形孪晶的数量明显增多. 这些变形微结构不仅影响表层的织构演化行为,而且还能细化晶粒,进而提高材料表面硬度, 为HCPEB技术进行纯钛表面强化提供了一条有效的途径.     

3 T强磁场对真空蒸发Zn薄膜晶体结构的影响

在3 T强磁场下采用真空蒸发沉积在玻璃基片上制备了三种厚度分别为1,2,3 μm的Zn薄膜,并和无磁场下制备的薄膜进行了对比研究.对施加磁场和无磁场环境下制备的试样分别进行了X射线衍射研究.研究表明,3 T磁场下制备的Zn薄膜都是沿（002）面取向,而0 T磁场下制备的薄膜随着厚度的增加c轴取向逐渐减弱. 3 T磁场的取向作用可以维持Zn晶粒沿着c轴取向.利用扫描电子显微镜对薄膜表面形貌的研究发现,施加磁场制备的Zn薄膜表面晶粒要比无磁场条件下制备的薄膜有明显的细化.对磁场下Zn原子团形成进行了热力学分析,推导了磁场作用下的临界形核半径r^*_M和临界形核自由能ΔG^*_M.初步分析表明,r^*_M和ΔG^*_M减小从而增加临界形核浓度是Zn晶粒细化的原因. 关键词： 强磁场 晶体结构 真空蒸发沉积 薄膜     

非晶Ti3Al合金的变形晶化机理的原子模拟

利用分子动力学方法研究了非晶Ti3Al合金拉伸过程中的晶化行为,模拟结果表明局部塑性变形导致非晶合金晶化.从微观结构演化的角度分析了拉伸过程中的晶化机理,局部剪切导致拉伸过程中晶粒发生成核与合并,最终生成的晶粒具有面心立方结构.晶核的生长过程伴随着应力强化现象,非晶相中的纳米晶粒能提高非晶合金材料的强度.     

纳米单晶与多晶铜薄膜力学行为的数值模拟研究

通过对不同温度下单晶薄膜的拉伸性能的分子动力学模拟，从微观角度揭示了温度效应对材料性能的影响. 结果表明温度效应对材料的变形机理影响很大.0K温度下由于缺乏热激活软化的影响, 粒子运动所受到的阻碍较大, 薄膜的强度较高, 塑性变形主要来自于粒子的短程滑移.温度升高，粒子的热运动加剧，屈服强度降低, 塑性变形将主要来自于大范围的位错长程扩展.多晶薄膜的模拟结果表明, 虽然其晶粒形状较为特殊, 但是它仍然遵循反Hall-Petch关系.在模拟过程中，侧向应力最大值比拉伸方向应力的最大值滞后出现.位错只会从晶界产生并向晶粒内部传播，晶粒间界滑移是多晶薄膜塑性变形的主要来源. 关键词： 纳米薄膜 变形机理 温度效应 分子动力学     

Tensile properties and microstructure of 2024 aluminum alloy subjected to the high magnetic field and external stress

In order to explore the dependence of plasticity of metallic material on a high magnetic held,the effects of the different magnetic induction intensities(H = 0 T,0.5 T,1 T,3 T,and 5 T) and pulses number(N = 0,10,20,30,40,and 50) on tensile strength(σ_b) and elongation(δ) of 2024 aluminum alloy are investigated in the synchronous presences of a high magnetic held and external stress.The results show that the magnetic held exerts apparent and positive effects on the tensile properties of the alloy.Especially under the optimized condition of H~*=1 T and N~*=30,the σ_b and 8 are 410 MPa and 17% that are enhanced by 9.3% and 30.8% respectively in comparison to those of the untreated sample.The synchronous increases of tensile properties are attributed to the magneto-plasticity effect on a quantum scale.That is,the magnetic held will accelerate the state conversion of radical pair generated between the dislocation and obstacles from singlet to the triplet state.The bonding energy between them is meanwhile lowered and the moving flexibility of dislocations will be enhanced.At H~* = 1 T and N~* = 30,the dislocation density is enhanced by 1.28 times.The relevant minimum grain size is 266.1 nm,which is reduced by 35.2%.The grain rehning is attributed to the dislocation accumulation and subsequent dynamic recrystallization.The(211) and(220) peak intensities are weakened.It is deduced that together with the recrystallization,the hne grains will transfer towards the slip plane and contribute to the slipping deformation.     

Prediction of flow stress and textures of AZ31 magnesium alloy at elevated temperature

The viscoplastic behaviour of magnesium alloys at high temperatures leads to highly temperature-dependent mechanical properties. While at high strain rates a notable strain hardening response is observed, at low strain rates the material shows a smooth plastic response with negligible amount of hardening. This complicated behaviour is due to different deformation mechanisms that are active at different strain rate regimes, resulting in different strain rate sensitivity parameters. In this study we show, by utilizing both numerical simulations and experiments, that this behaviour can be predicted by a model that combines two deformation mechanisms, grain boundary sliding mechanism and dislocation glide mechanism. We discuss the importance of each deformation mechanism at different strain rate regimes based on the findings of modelling and experimental results for AZ3 magnesium alloy. By developing a model that includes the above-mentioned two deformation mechanism, the prediction of flow properties is expanded to a wide range of strain rate regimes compared to previous study. The obtained numerical findings for the stress–strain behaviour as well as texture evolution show good agreement with the experimental results.     

Dry sliding tribological behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloy irradiated by high-intensity pulsed ion beam

The dry sliding tribological behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloy irradiated by high-intensity pulsed ion beam (HIPIB) at energy density of 3.4 J/cm² with 10 shots is investigated by dry sliding wear tests in order to explore the effect of HIPIB irradiation on tribological property of magnesium alloy. Surface morphologies, composition and structure of the irradiated AZ31 magnesium alloys are examined by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results indicated that HIPIB irradiation led to the increase in surface microhardness and the reduction in friction coefficient and wear rate. Wear rate for both the original and the irradiated samples increased with increasing sliding load from 0.1 to 0.5 N. The transition from severe metallic wear to mild oxidative wear induced by HIPIB irradiation was observed by a combined analysis in surface morphology and chemical composition of wear tracks, mechanically mixed materials and wear debris, which is mainly attributed to the significant increase in microhardness resulting from grain refinement on the irradiated surface. In addition, defects induced by HIPIB irradiation promoted the diffusion of oxygen during sliding wear and therefore led to the formation of compact mixed materials and protective films on the wear tracks surface, which also contributes to the transition in wear mechanism of AZ31 magnesium alloy induced by HIPIB irradiation.     

Mg-Al系工业合金牌号的成分式解析

Mg-Al系牌号是应用最广的镁基工业合金,但其牌号背后的成分根源一直未知,构成研发新合金的主要障碍.本文应用描述固溶体短程序结构特征的团簇共振模型,得到了Mg-Al二元固溶体的最理想化学结构单元[Al-Mg_(12)]Mg_1,然后对《the American Society for Testing Materials》手册中所有Mg-Al系工业合金牌号进行成分解析,得到相应团簇成分式,如AZ63A合金解析后的团簇成分式为[Al_(0.78)Zn_(0.16)-Mg_(12)]Mg_(1.04)Mn_(0.02),AZ81A合金解析后的团簇成分式为[Al_(0.97)Zn_(0.03)-Mg_(12)]Mg_(0.98)Mn_(0.02).再根据成分式与化学结构单元之间的误差,对比该牌号合金的力学性能,验证了该化学结构单元在Mg-Al体系中的准确性,揭示出看似复杂的工业合金牌号后面隐藏的简单成分规律,为发展Mg-Al体系合金指出了一个全新的途径.     

Lüders deformation and superplastic flow of metals extruded by KOBO method

The work brings the results of the study on mechanical properties of some metallic materials subjected to very large plastic deformation by KOBO extrusion. The unexpected features of the KOBO products like Lüders deformation in pure metals and superplastic flow in coarse grain materials are discussed in terms of micro- and nano-scale elements of their structure. The choice to the experiment materials having different crystallographic and phase structure (commercial purity aluminium, multiphase aluminium 7075 alloy, pure zinc and multiphase magnesium AZ91 alloy) and different history (extrusion, casting) allowed to identify the common nano-size elements of the structure generated during the KOBO deformation which seems to be responsible for the mechanical behaviour of these materials. In particular, clusters of point defects (self-interstitials) formed under the KOBO extrusion conditions (cyclic change in the deformation path, high hydrostatic pressure) were found in these materials regardless of grain size and material early history. They correlate with appearance of unstable Lüders-like or even Portevin–LeChatelier deformation at ambient and superplastic flow at elevated temperatures.     

Evolution of defects and deformation mechanisms in different tensile directions of solidified lamellar Ti-Al alloy

Two-phase γ-TiAl/α₂-Ti₃Al lamellar intermetallics have attracted considerable attention because of their excellent strength and plasticity. However, the exact deformation mechanisms remain to be investigated. In this paper, a solidified lamellar Ti-Al alloy with lamellar orientation at 0°, 17°, and 73° with respect to the loading direction was stretched by utilizing molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results show that the mechanical properties of the sample are considerably influenced by solidified defects and tensile directions. The structure deformation and fracture were primarily attributed to an intrinsic stacking fault (ISF) accompanied by the nucleated Shockley dislocation, and the adjacent extrinsic stacking fault (ESF) and ISF formed by solidification tend to form large HCP structures during the tensile process loading at 73°. Moreover, cleavage cracking easily occurs on the γ/α₂ interface under tensile deformation. The fracture loading mechanism at 17° is grain boundary slide whereas, at 73° and 0°, the dislocation piles up to form a dislocation junction.     

界面旋转角对双晶镁力学性质影响的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学模拟方法,研究了在拉伸载荷下晶界对双晶镁变形机制的影响,对不同旋转角度的模型以及对称与非对称结构的模型进行了研究.模拟结果表明:应变加载方向与晶向所成角度对双晶镁塑形变形阶段的流动应力能够产生明显的影响;对称结构的双晶镁模型的塑性性质明显优于非对称结构模型.研究结果还发现,由于晶界区域不同的位错成核及发射等运动,大角度双晶模型的塑性响应明显优于对应小角度模型的塑性响应.     

Microstructural evolution of AZ31 magnesium alloy subjected to sliding friction treatment

Microstructural evolution and grain refinement mechanism in AZ31 magnesium alloy subjected to sliding friction treatment were investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy. The process of grain refinement was found to involve the following stages: (I) coarse grains were divided into fine twin plates through mechanical twinning; then the twin plates were transformed to lamellae with the accumulation of residual dislocations at the twin boundaries; (II) the lamellae were separated into subgrains with increasing grain boundary misorientation and evolution of high angle boundaries into random boundaries by continuous dynamic recrystallisation (cDRX); (III) the formation of nanograins. The mechanisms for the final stage, the formation of nanograins, can be classified into three types: (i) cDRX; (ii) discontinuous dynamic recrystallisation (dDRX); (iii) a combined mechanism of prior shear-band and subsequent dDRX. Stored strain energy plays an important role in determining deformation mechanisms during plastic deformation.