非谐射频阱中离子云系统的精确周期解

射频阱中离子云与检测场的相互作用由周期驱动的Duffing方程描述.本文报道了该方程的一个精确的周期解,它描述了阱参数和外场对离子云周期运动的影响.结果表明,在各参变量满足周期解条件时,离子的运动频率为外场频率的三分之一,运动振幅分别与外场频率、振幅以及阱频正相关,与离子阱的非谐参数反相关.     

Paul阱中离子云囚禁时间的分析

结合缓冲气体Ｈｅ对囚禁离子云Ｎ＾＋２的冷却实验结果，给出了在综合考虑射频加热和缓冲气体冷却效应情形下，阱中囚禁离子数随时间变化的理论模型。讨论了Ｐａｕｌ阱中的加热数，γ，离子云温度Ｔ，随机为力涨落Ｄ等参数对囚禁时间的影响。     

Paul阱中共振吸收信号的劈裂现象研究

在扫描附加囚禁直流偏压的检测方式中，实验上系统地观察到共振吸收信号劈裂现象随扫描速率，检测场幅度和离子数的变化，该劈裂现象是离子非线性运动的一种表现形式，其特征可由陆结构偏差和离子云空间电荷分布所致的离子云非谐振动加以描述。     

Paul阱中离子运动及稳定性分析

Paul离子阱由于没有外加磁场所引起的塞曼效应的影响,已成为离子存储及研究离子的重要装置.根据在实验中所采用的Paul离子阱结构及电场分布特点,列出阱内离子运动方程并进行求解,对其中各种运动进行分析,同时还分析了离子存储稳定性.最后对所作的研究进行总结,得到如下结论:阱中离子的运动为谐振运动、基频微运动和高阶微振动.     

激光脉冲作用下囚禁离子的规则与混沌运动

研究驻波型激光脉冲作用下，失谐量足够大时，囚禁于Paul阱中的单离子系统的久期运动.通过分析和数值计算相结合的方法，导出系统的精确解及其描述的时间演化性质，得到系统的规则和混沌运动轨道以及阱频很小时系统进入整体混沌的临界条件,并提出了控制系统共振失稳的方法. 关键词： 激光脉冲 囚禁离子 规则与混沌运动 精确解 稳定性     

两种电场结构下离子运动轨迹模拟与实验对比研究

结合最新的离子与分子碰撞模型,编写在Simon 7.0平台下的离子运动模拟程序,实现了在漂移管电场中离子运动轨迹的模拟,开展在两种漂移管电极结构即均匀电场和周期性聚焦电场下离子的运动轨迹模拟与质子转移反应质谱(PTR-MS)实验检测对比研究,得到了常见有机物的可探测灵敏度,发现周期性聚焦电场PTR-MS的性能总体上要比均匀电场PTR-MS好,可探测灵敏度增加了5～9倍,显示了通过对离子运动轨迹的理论模拟在仪器性能优化与改进上的优势,同时该方法具有用于提高其他质谱检测仪器灵敏度的巨大潜力.     

两种电场结构下离子运动轨迹模拟与实验对比研究

结合最新的离子与分子碰撞模型,编写在Simon 7.0平台下的离子运动模拟程序,实现了在漂移管电场中离子运动轨迹的模拟,开展在两种漂移管电极结构即均匀电场和周期性聚焦电场下离子的运动轨迹模拟与质子转移反应质谱(PTR-MS)实验检测对比研究,得到了常见有机物的可探测灵敏度,发现周期性聚焦电场PTR-MS的性能总体上要比均匀电场PTR-MS好,可探测灵敏度增加了5~9倍,显示了通过对离子运动轨迹的理论模拟在仪器性能优化与改进上的优势,同时该方法具有用于提高其他质谱检测仪器灵敏度的巨大潜力.     

深空核爆电磁脉冲壳模型下的电子运动规律

 采用壳模型分析了深空核爆的电子运动规律,对深空核爆电磁脉冲的形成机理进行了初步研究。考虑MeV量级出射电子的相对论效应,在相对论框架下进行了电子运动过程的推导。计算了空间电荷层限制的形成时间,并提出一旦形成空间电荷限制,后续状态满足准静态近似条件。在此基础上,推导了空间电荷振荡的频率,并与半数值计算的结果进行比对,二者符合得较好。计算表明,远场达到峰值的时间与爆炸当量、电子初始动能和弹体半径等参数密切相关,电场峰值总是出现在核反应极大值之前,并且在空间电荷层限制的形成时间附近。     

电子束离子阱中高价态离子演化过程的数值模拟

讨论了电子束离子阱(EBIT)中决定高价态离子演化过程的主要物理机制.对EBIT中高价态离 子的演化过程进行了详细的数值计算并与实验进行了比较.讨论了EBIT各种不同的运行参数 对平衡时高价态离子相对丰度和温度的影响. 关键词： 电子束离子阱 高价态离子 数值模拟     

Paul阱中存储离子的研究

根据Paul离子阱结构及电场分布特点,列出阱内离子运动方程并求解,对其中离子运动、硅团簇离子碰撞解离反应进行了分析.     

Coulomb expansion of laser-excited ion plasmas

We determine the electric field in mm-sized clouds of cold Rb+ ions, produced by photoionization of laser-cooled 87Rb atoms in a magneto-optical trap, using the Stark effect of embedded Rydberg atoms. The dependence of the electric field on the time delay between the ion plasma production and the probe of the electric field reflects the Coulomb expansion of the plasma. Our experiments and models show expansion times <1micros.     

Modelling of ions for seeding technique to electrify the atmosphere

There are number of ways in which weak electrification can affect the microphysics of clouds, with consequences for cloud lifetime, radiative properties, and precipitation efficiency. Kauffman [2011] suggested ions produced by direct current generators will add to and enhance the catalysing effects that cosmic ray ions are now known to produce in among other things, lowering nucleation barriers, stimulating charged particle growth and stability and increasing the scavenging rate in clouds. Thus to electrify the atmosphere ions can be generated artificially in abundance along with large electric field.Ions can be generated by the corona effect using Atmospheric electrifiers (a device used to generate negative ions) which makes use of corona discharge phenomenon to charge the air particles. Exact assessment of electric field and charge density distributions and the flow dynamics inside the electrifiers is essential to understand the particle behaviour inside the electrifiers.In this paper, a novel model of governing equations to evaluate the space charge density, electric field intensity and velocity of ionized airflow is suggested as a function of applied voltage. The Poisson and charge conservation equations are derived and hence can be used to estimate the electric field and charge density distributions. Navier stokes equation can be used to get the velocity of ionized airflow because of electric force on the air. Simulation is carried out to validate the proposed model and verify that velocity is function of input voltage and is proportional to it.     

电场和温度对聚合物空间电荷陷阱性能的影响

模拟分子的结构和行为有助于更深刻地分析空间电荷陷阱性能变化的微观机理.利用Materials studio软件建立聚乙烯模型,通过分子链段运动产生的能量和自由体积变化对微观结构和电荷陷阱进行分析.结果表明:温度由298 K逐渐升高至363 K的过程中,聚合物分子热运动加剧导致的滑移扩散现象,使自由体积和陷阱能级在363 K处分别出现1542.07 ~3和0.66 eV的最大值和最小值.然而在Z轴方向施加0.0007 Hartree/Bohr(1 Hartree/Bohr=5.2×10~(11)V/m)电场作用时,由于电致伸缩产生Maxwell应力,使分子链段出现局部有序排列,增大范德瓦耳斯能至-360.18 kcal/mol(1 kcal/mol=4.18 kJ/mol),而自由体积降低了279.77 ~3,导致陷阱能级减小0.45 eV.当363 K和0.0007 Hartree/Bohr联合作用时,聚乙烯的陷阱能级相比同温无电场作用降低0.17 eV.分子模拟结果与实测结果相符.利用分子热运动和电致伸缩效应,初步探讨了材料自由体积和范德瓦耳斯相互作用能变化的微观机理,证实分子链段运动改变了微观结构,从而影响电荷陷阱特性.并且与温度相比,电场作用会使材料产生更低能级的空间电荷陷阱.     

An EBIS/T with integrated Penning trap

A special problem in atomic physics research with highly charged ions is to prepare ions with a unique charge state inside of EBIS or EBIT devices. On the other hand, there are great losses resulting from the transport of the ions from the source to an external trap. Therefore we are setting up an EBIS/T with internal Penning trap. This new set-up will be able to study electron–ion interaction with well-defined initial and final charge states, distinguishing between single step successive ionisation and multiple step ionisation of charge states similar to the crossed beams method but for much higher charge states. Another feature of this system is to determine with high precision the ion charge state distribution in the EBIS/T by application of Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance (FT-ICR). This method allows the on-line monitoring of the ion distribution and the evolution of the charge state population together with its dependence on the degree of space charge compensation of the electron beam in the EBIS/T. It will be possible to study ion dynamics in compensated space charge potentials. In case of high homogeneity of the magnetic field in the trap region, experiments may be considered to measure directly binding energies of highly-charged ions and other topics of high resolution mass spectroscopy. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Linear Paul trap design for an optical clock with Coulomb crystals

We report on the design of a segmented linear Paul trap for optical clock applications using trapped ion Coulomb crystals. For an optical clock with an improved short-term stability and a fractional frequency uncertainty of 10^?18, we propose ¹¹⁵In⁺ ions sympathetically cooled by ¹⁷²Yb⁺. We discuss the systematic frequency shifts of such a frequency standard. In particular, we elaborate on high-precision calculations of the electric radiofrequency field of the ion trap using the finite element method. These calculations are used to find a scalable design with minimized excess micromotion of the ions at a level at which the corresponding second-order Doppler shift contributes less than 10^?18 to the relative uncertainty of the frequency standard.     

Effect of beam-plasma interaction on ion transport through a cyclotron injector

The influence of collective effects associated with transverse plasma oscillations excited by a beam of negative ions on the neutralization of the space charge due to fast ions is studied. Conditions for the dynamic deneutralization of an unstable ion beam are refined. Analytic expressions for the plasma ion density distribution and for the stationary electric field in a partially neutralized beam are obtained. The equation of motion of a beam in the self-electric field and in an external magnetic field is used to determine the effect of secondary charged particles on the transport of negative ions through the injector of a cyclotron.     

聚乙烯空间电荷包行为的形成机理与仿真方法研究

聚乙烯中的空间电荷包行为是空间电荷的一种特殊的输运行为.研究表明,空间电荷包行为由于受材料本身特性、外加电场大小以及环境温度等的影响,导致其产生过程及传输特性上存在较大差异,这些因素给空间电荷包行为产生机理研究带来了较大困难.通过对电荷的电极注入过程、载流子的体内迁移规律及空间电荷与体内陷阱的相互作用机制进行分析,探讨了不同外加电场及不同深度陷阱能级对电荷包行为造成的相关影响,在此基础上建立物理模型来描述电荷包的产生和迁移过程.模型中提出了在高于阈值电场时,载流子迁移速度与电场关系存在负微分迁移率的假设.基于此模型对空间包行为的模拟结果与实验结果取得较好的一致. 关键词： 空间电荷包 数值模拟 负微分迁移率     

离子推力器加速栅极离子运动规律的数值研究

 以离子推力器栅极组件为研究对象,建立了3维数值模型,应用网格质点法研究了束流离子和电荷交换离子在栅极组件间的运动规律。根据给定的几何和物理参数,模拟得到了栅极组件附近的电势分布、束流离子和电荷交换离子的运动轨迹、速度相空间分布以及加速极电流等。模拟结果表明：加速栅极下游产生的电荷交换离子在电场的作用下会加速撞击加速栅极下游面,是造成加速栅极腐蚀的主要因素;栅极间产生的电荷交换离子会撞击到加速栅极孔壁面,使加速栅极孔逐渐增大。     

Space-Charge Effects with REXTRAP

The beam quality of radioactive ion beams produced by present target ion source technology is often not sufficient for direct post-acceleration. Furthermore, pulsed beams insure a more efficient use of an accelerator. In the case of REX-ISOLDE, the post accelerator at the CERN ISOLDE facility, a gas-filled Penning trap (REXTRAP) has been chosen for accumulation of the radioactive ions and conversion into cooled bunches. Radial centering of the ions is achieved by applying an rf field with a frequency equal to the cyclotron frequency of the desired ion species. The efficiency achieved in the first tests with different isotopes covering nearly the entire mass range was already >20%. Going to total numbers of >10⁵ stored ions in the trap a shift of the centering frequency could be observed, which is most likely due to space charge effects. Despite this, it was possible to accumulate up to 10⁷ ions and deliver them as cooled bunches. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.