“绿色”液体激光介质的非线性光学特性研究

利用氧化钕和盐酸为原料制得Nd(phen)2Cl3(三氯二邻菲罗啉合钕),测得其光谱特性并以稀土氧化钕、苯甲酸和邻菲罗啉为原料制得绿色液体激光介质钕离子的配合物——NdB3 phen(三苯甲酸-邻菲罗啉合钕).利用飞秒激光器,采用单光束Z-扫描法研究了NdB3 phen的三阶非线性光学特性.结果表明:当入射飞秒激光脉冲...     

“绿色”液体激光介质的非线性光学特性研究

 利用氧化钕和盐酸为原料制得Nd(phen)2Cl3(三氯二邻菲罗啉合钕),测得其光谱特性并以稀土氧化钕、苯甲酸和邻菲罗啉为原料制得绿色液体激光介质钕离子的配合物——NdB3phen（三苯甲酸—邻菲罗啉合钕）.利用飞秒激光器,采用单光束Z-扫描法研究了NdB3phen的三阶非线性光学特性.结果表明:当入射飞秒激光脉冲波长为400 nm,峰值功率密度为2.94×1014 W/m2,脉宽为117 fs时,测得样品NdB3phen的非线性折射率为－2.84×10－18 cm2/W|NdB3phen在开孔条件下呈现反饱和吸收现象,测出双光子吸收系数的值为9.11×10－12 m/W.实验结果表明,NdB3phen的双光子吸收系数和非线性折射率随着光强的增强而增大.     

TiO_2纳米管阵列电极的电荷转移特性研究

采用超声电化学阳极氧化法快速制得TiO_2纳米管阵列,在一定范围内提高阳极氧化电压可以有效增大样品的管内径、壁厚和管长。在空气中经500℃煅烧6 h后,以高压汞灯为光源,20 V氧化电压制得的TiO_2纳米管阵列电极表现出比10 V氧化电压电极更好的光电化学特性,其平均光电流密度可达5.6 mA/cm~2,光电压约为0.9 V/_(SCE)。10 V和20 V氧化电压制得的TiO_2纳米管阵列具有相近的平带电势,而后者具有相对较大的光电流和电荷载流子密度。     

氧化石墨烯负载金纳米颗粒SERS活性基底的制备与研究

本文采用湿化学方法制备具有表面增强拉曼散射活性的氧化石墨烯负载纳米金溶胶:通过以柠檬酸三钠为还原剂,在没有稳定剂、温和的液相反应条件下,同时还原氯金酸和深度氧化的石墨烯,原位制备氧化石墨烯负载金纳米颗粒复合物。利用紫外可见分光光度计、激光粒度分析仪、傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱仪、透射电子显微镜对所制得的氧化石墨烯负载金纳米颗粒复合物进行了表征和分析,并且采用拉曼光谱研究其作为增强试剂的性能。结果表明:所得溶胶在波长为540nm左右存在较强的吸收峰,粒径分布在50nm附近范围内;生成的金纳米粒子的大小及其分布受氯金酸用量的影响,并且粒径分布均匀,金纳米颗粒的平均尺寸为20nm,大量金纳米颗粒均匀地附着在氧化石墨烯的片层之间;氧化石墨烯的含氧官能团大幅降低,氧化石墨烯表面基团大部分被还原;以R6G为探针分子验证其拉曼增强效应,在浓度低至10nmol/L时依然具有较强的拉曼信号,增强因子达到2.4×10~5。所以高分散性、高稳定性的氧化石墨烯负载金颗粒溶胶,可作为SERS活性基底(增强试剂),用于快速检测。     

基于液体荧光法的钕元素测定

探讨了钕与丙氨酸、咪唑形成荧光配合物的各个因素,确定了用液体荧光法测定钕元素的最佳条件。实验表明,钕与丙氨酸和咪唑形成荧光配位化合物的最佳条件为:丙氨酸和咪唑的量的比为5∶1,pH=5.0;钕配位化合物荧光强度的最佳测量条件为:激发波长220 nm,发射波长350 nm,激发狭缝带宽5 nm,发射狭缝带宽10 nm;溶液钕含量的最低测量下限为0.5μg/mL。应用该方法测定了氧化钕和陶瓷产品中的钕含量。     

原料加入顺序对制备Cu/Ag纳米粒子的影响

以硫酸铜为原料制备纳米级铜粉,再用化学还原法沉积生长Ag包覆层,制备Cu/Ag复合纳米粒子,使用紫外吸收光谱法监测反应过程.结果表明.加料方式对Cu粒子的粒径会产生影响,向水合肼中滴加聚乙烯吡咯烷铜与硫酸铜的混合液能制得粒径均匀的铜纳米粒子.同时,使用向聚乙烯吡咯烷铜与硫酸铜的混合液中滴加水合肼方法制得Cu2O继而得到...     

非晶Ni_(88)P_(12)合金薄膜的表面形貌特征与晶化行为的研究

采用化学镀的方法在３６３Ｋ和ｐ型Ｓｉ（１００）衬底上制得非晶Ｎｉ８８Ｐ１２合金薄膜．利用Ｘ射线衍射、Ｘ射线光电子能谱、扫描隧道显微镜和原子力显微镜对非晶合金薄膜及其经处理后形成的氧化态、还原态和晶态的结构、组分和表面的形貌特征作了研究，并对它的晶化行为作了初步探讨．结果表明，非晶合金薄膜是由纳米级微粒聚集成微米级颗粒组成；在低于晶化温度条件下经氧化和还原处理后的薄膜表面晶化；在晶化过程中，合金薄膜的非晶纳米微粒转变为微晶后长大成晶粒，其表面结构光滑平坦，几何边界清晰     

Bi_(3.15)Nd_(0.15)Ti_3O_(12)纳米棒的拉曼和紫外吸收光谱研究

以Bi(NO3)3.5H2O,Nd(NO3)3.6H2O和Ti(OC4H9)4为原料,加入聚乙烯醇(PVA-124),采用水热法在200℃经48 h合成了铋层状钙钛矿结构掺钕钛酸铋(Bi3.15Nd0.85Ti3O12,BNdT)纳米棒,纳米棒直径约10~200 nm,长度达十几微米。利用Raman散射研究了掺钕对钛酸铋晶格结构的影响。掺钕钛酸铋和钛酸铋的Raman光谱表明,Nd取代了类钙钛矿层中A位的Bi,掺Nd改善了BTO的对称性和减小了TiO6八面体的畸变。利用UV-vis光谱研究了BNdT纳米棒的光吸收特性,BNdT纳米棒存在A(400 nm),B(275 nm),C(210 nm),D(196 nm)四个吸收带,分别对应于电子从Bi3+的基态1S0到激发态3P1,3P2,1P1的跃迁和电子从阴离子团TiO6八面体到带正电的Bi3+离子的跃迁。BNdT的带隙为4.3 eV,大的带隙归因于纳米结构的量子尺寸效应。     

纳米SiO_2/环氧树脂复合材料介电性与纳米粒子分散性关系

利用硅烷偶联剂改性纳米SiO_2,制得改性纳米SiO_2分散液和改性纳米SiO_2颗粒.分别利用"机械法"和"气泡法"制备纳米SiO_2含量为2 wt%,3 wt%,4 wt%,5 wt%和6 wt%的未改性纳米SiO_2复合环氧树脂和改性纳米SiO_2复合环氧树脂,测试了复合环氧树脂的击穿特性和耐电晕特性.测试结果表明,复合环氧树脂的击穿场强和耐电晕性随纳米SiO_2含量的增加而增加,击穿场强在5 wt%纳米SiO_2含量时达到最大值,"气泡法"制备的改性纳米SiO_2复合环氧树脂的击穿场强和耐电晕性优于所制备的其他复合环氧树脂.以5 wt%纳米SiO_2含量复合环氧树脂为例,通过森下氏分散指数(Morisita’s index)方法对复合环氧树脂中纳米SiO_2的分散性进行定量表征,得出"气泡法"制得的纳米SiO_2/环氧树脂复合材料的分散性优于"机械法"制备的复合材料.研究发现纳米SiO_2在环氧树脂基体中分散性越好,复合材料的击穿特性和耐电晕性越好.     

非晶Ni88P12合金薄膜的表面形貌特征与晶化行为的研究

采用化学镀的方法在363K和p型Si（100）衬底上制得非晶Ni₈₈P₁₂合金薄膜．利用X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱、扫描隧道显微镜和原子力显微镜对非晶合金薄膜及其经处理后形成的氧化态、还原态和晶态的结构、组分和表面的形貌特征作了研究，并对它的晶化行为作了初步探讨．结果表明，非晶合金薄膜是由纳米级微粒聚集成微米级颗粒组成；在低于晶化温度条件下经氧化和还原处理后的薄膜表面晶化；在晶化过程中，合金薄膜的非晶纳米微粒转变为微晶后长大成晶粒，其表面结构光滑平坦，几何边界 关键词：     

Luminescence properties of Nd<Superscript>3+</Superscript>-doped Y<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> nanoparticles in organic media

Nd³⁺-doped yttrium oxide nanoparticles (Y₂O₃:Nd) with cubic phase were obtained successfully by a glycine-nitrate solution combustion method. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) showed that the –OH groups residing on the nanoparticles surfaces were reduced effectively by modifying with capping agent. The modified Y₂O₃:Nd nanoparticles displayed good monodispersity and excellent luminescence in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent. Some optical parameters were calculated by Judd–Ofelt analysis based on absorption and fluorescence spectra. A relative large stimulated emission cross section, 1.7×10⁻²⁰ cm², of the ⁴F_3/2→⁴I_11/2 transition was calculated. Theses results show that the modified Y₂O₃:Nd nanoparticles display good luminescence behavior in organic media.     

Synthesis and nonlinear light scattering of microemulsions and nanoparticle suspensions

Microemulsions composed of normal or inverse micellar solutions and aqueous suspensions of pristine (uncoated) or silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticles, mainly γ-Fe₂O₃, were synthesised and their optical limiting properties investigated. The microemulsions are colorless solutions with high transparency for visible wavelengths while the aqueous suspensions of iron oxide are of pale yellow colour. Optical limiting experiments performed in 2 mm cells using a f/5 optical system with a frequency doubled Nd:YAG laser delivering 5 ns pulses with 10 Hz repetition rate, showed clamping levels of ∼3 μJ for the suspensions of both pristine and silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticles. A strong photoinduced nonlinear light scattering was observed for the water-in-oil microemulsion and the aqueous suspensions of nanoparticles while oil-in-water microemulsions did not show a significant nonlinear effect. Measurements carried out using an integrating sphere further verified that the photoinduced nonlinear light scattering is the dominating nonlinear mechanism while the nonlinear absorption of iron oxide nanoparticles is negligible at 532 nm.     

Structure and magnetic properties of nanoparticles encapsulated in carbon shells

Ni₂Y and Nd–Fe–Nb–B catalysts were used for the processing of nanoparticles by arc discharge between graphite electrodes. The products were collected from the cathode (deposit and collar) and reactor walls (soot). The ferromagnetic nanoparticles have size in the range of 10–50 nm and are encapsulated in carbon shells. The chemical composition, structure and magnetic properties of the nanoparticles have been studied. For the Ni₂Y catalyst we found that the arc discharge results in decomposition of the intermetallic Ni₂Y phase and formation of Ni nanoparticles encapsulated in carbon shells in the collar and soot, whereas yttrium oxide was found in the deposit. For the Nd–Fe–Nb–B catalysts the magnetic properties depend on the collection place and erosion rate. Fe and Fe–Nd–Nb nanoparticles were found in the soot and deposit, respectively.     

Study on thulium oxide nanoparticles modulating electro-optics characteristics of polymer dispersed liquid crystals

By adding the thulium oxide nanoparticles (NP) of Gd2 O3 and Eu2O3 and Nd2O3 to polymer dispersed liquid crystals (PDLC), and the transmittances of PDLC and NP-PDLC changing with voltage in visible light was tested, and the thulium oxide modulation for PDLC was studied. The results show that transmittance of Gd2O3-NP-PDLC decreases with increasing voltage when the voltage is less than 10 V. The relaxation phenomenon of the sample appears at 15 V, and its transmittance curve fluctuates slightly around that at 10 V. The transmittance of Gd2O3-NP-PDLC increases rapidly at 20 V, and its filter phenomenon emerges. And the transmittance of Eu2O3-NP-PDLC decreases with increasing voltage, but the decrease is only slight. And the transmittance of Nd2O3-NP-PDLC changes with voltage insignificantly.     

Synthesis of nanoparticles and suspensions by pulsed laser ablation of microparticles in liquid

Recent studies demonstrated that the process to produce metal and oxide nanoparticles by laser ablation of consolidated microparticles is a convenient and energy-efficient way to prepare nanoparticles. In this work, the novel process is applied to nanoparticle synthesis in the liquid environment and the results are compared with those by the gas-phase process. Metal and oxide nanoparticles are synthesized by pulsed laser ablation of the compacted metal microparticles using a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser in water. It is shown that the process is effective for preparing nanoparticle suspensions having relatively uniform size distributions. While the laser fluence and the degree of compaction strongly influence the size of the produced nanoparticle in air, the sedimentation time is shown to be the most critical factor to determine the mean size of the suspended particles.     

Photoluminescence of ZnO nanoparticles generated by laser ablation in deionized water

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were synthesized using pulsed laser ablation of a Zn metal plate in deionized water without using surfactant. The beam of a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser of 1064-nm and 532-nm wavelengths at 6-ns pulse width and different fluences is employed to irradiate the solid target in water. Transmission electron microscopy images revealed that the size of the ZnO nanoparticles formed by the 532-nm wavelength laser beam is smaller than that of the nanoparticles generated by the 1064-nm wavelength laser beam. The room-temperature photoluminescence spectra of the ZnO nanoparticles show intense violet emission along with emission in blue and green bands. The excellent ultraviolet emission indicates that the ZnO nanostructures have a low defect concentration.     

Size,composition and optical properties of copper nanoparticles prepared by laser ablation in liquids

Colloidal copper nanoparticles were prepared by pulsed Nd:YAG laser ablation in water and acetone. Size and optical properties of the nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and UV–visible spectrophotometry, respectively. The copper particles were rather spherical and their mean diameter in water was 30 nm, whereas in acetone much smaller particles were produced with an average diameter of 3 nm. Optical extinction immediately after the ablation showed surface plasmon resonance peaks at 626 and 575 nm for the colloidal copper in water and acetone, respectively. Time evaluation showed a blue shift of the optical extinction maximum, which is related to the change of the particle size distribution. Copper nanoparticles in acetone are yellowish and stable even after 10 months. In water, the color of the blue-green solution was changed to brown-black and the nanoparticles precipitated completely after two weeks, which is assigned to oxidation of copper nanoparticles into copper oxide (II) as was confirmed by the electron diffraction pattern and optical absorption measurements. We conclude that the ablation of bulk copper in water and acetone is a physical and flexible method for synthesis of stable colloidal copper and oxidized copper nanoparticles. PACS 42.62.-b; 81.07.-b; 61.46.+w     

Pd2+ reduction and gasochromic properties of colloidal tungsten oxide nanoparticles synthesized by pulsed laser ablation

Tungsten oxide nanoparticles were fabricated by a pulsed laser ablation method in deionized water using the first harmonic of a Nd:YAG laser (λ=1064 nm) at three different laser pulse energies (E1 =160, E2 =370 and E3 =500 mJ/pulse), respectively. The aim is to investigate the effect of laser pulse energy on the size distribution and gasochromic property of colloidal nanoparticles. The products were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The results indicated that WO₃ nanoparticles were formed. After ablation, a 0.2 g/l PdCl₂ solution was added to activate the solution against hydrogen gas. In this process Pd²⁺ ions were reduced to deposit fine metallic Pd particles on the surface of tungsten oxide nanoparticles. The gasochromic response was measured by H₂ and O₂ gases bubbling into the produced colloidal Pd–WO₃. The results indicate that the number of unreduced ions (Pd²⁺) decreases with increasing laser pulse energy; therefore, for colloidal nanoparticles synthesized at the highest laser pulse energy approximately all Pd²⁺ ions have been reduced. Hence, the gasochromic response for this sample is nearly reversible in all cycles, whereas those due to other samples are not reversible in the first cycle.     

Properties of pulsed laser deposited nanocomposite NiO:Au thin films for gas sensing applications

Nanocomposite thin films formed by gold nanoparticles embedded in a nickel oxide matrix have been synthesized by a new variation of the pulsed laser deposition technique. Two actively synchronized laser sources, a KrF excimer laser at 248 nm and an Nd:YAG laser at 355 nm, were used for the simultaneous ablation of nickel and gold targets in oxygen ambient. The structural, morphological, and electrical properties of the obtained nanocomposite films were investigated in relation to the fluence of the laser irradiating the gold target. The nanocomposite thin films were tested as electrochemical hydrogen sensors. It was found that the addition of the gold nanoparticles increased the sensor sensitivity significantly.     

Physical properties of magnetic alloy (Nd–Fe–B–C) nanoparticles generated in distilled water using Nd:YAG LASER

In this work, (Nd?CFe?CB?CC) magnetic nanoparticles are generated by pulses of Nd:YAG laser irradiation on the (Nd?CFe?CB?CC) magnetic target in distilled water. Exposure times were 1, 5, and 10 min. Percentages of elements in a bulk sample and nanoparticles are investigated by energy-dispersive X rays (EDX). Mean particle sizes of the nanosamples are analyzed by a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The average size of the nanoparticles is 6.23 nm. A typical selected-area electron-diffraction (SAED) ring pattern from the nanocrystals shows a tetragonal structure in (Nd?CFe?CB?CC) nanoparticles similar to the bulk sample. In order to investigate the nanoparticle stability, in two weeks after nanoparticle generation, the size distribution of nanoparticles is measured using dynamic light scattering (DLS). Using an atomic force microscope (AFM) and a magnetic force microscope (MFM), we show different aspects of generated nanoparticles.