偏光全息研究历程与展望

全息是目前一项极具前景的科学技术,即通过信号光和参考光的干涉,在小小的全息图上记录丰富的信息。相比于传统全息仅记录光波的相位、振幅信息,偏光全息可以将额外的偏振信息记录于偏振态敏感材料中。本文从偏光全息材料入手,详细介绍了偏光全息生产过程;同时介绍基于琼斯理论和张量理论的偏光全息原理和研究进展;最后描述了偏光全息在全息存储和纳米光学领域的发展前景。     

共轭读出法消除光致变色材料全息记录中的相位畸变

采用有机光致变色材料-吲哚俘精酰胺/PMMA薄膜作为可擦写全息记录介质,建立了一种能消除全息光存储中相位畸变的光路.此光路采用参考光的相位共轭光再现全息图,能有效消除物光路中由于光学元件失调和记录材料缺陷引起的相位畸变,是全息光存储中提高再现像像质的一种有用光路.     

利用全息法在偶氮聚合物薄膜中记录涡旋光场

利用全息技术在偶氮聚合物薄膜中记录了拓扑荷数q=–1,1,2,4的涡旋光场,并将记录的原始叉形光栅与计算全息光栅进行对比,对不同拓扑荷数涡旋光的记录速率和偶氮材料的可重复擦写性能进行了测试;记录完成后,将复现涡旋光与高斯光束干涉,并与原始涡旋光和原始叉形光栅对比,分析了记录质量.实验结果表明:高阶涡旋光场的全息叉形光栅会在记录过程中发生劈裂,轻微劈裂的涡旋光束仍维持一个稳定的环状结构;全息记录过程中不同拓扑荷数的涡旋光束记录速率较为统一,偶氮材料可经过上百次的擦写而不出现疲劳;再现涡旋光与原始涡旋光在光强分布结构上保持高度一致,再现涡旋光的干涉条纹与原始涡旋全息光栅保持高度一致,涡旋光及其携带的拓扑荷信息可被有效记录和读取.     

一种核黄素敏化的宽带全息记录材料

制备了一种核黄素敏化的以聚乙烯醇为基质的新型全息存储材料,并研究了材料的全息特性.用Ar+激光器激发的488 nm的蓝光对材料曝光,结果表明该材料具有较高的衍射效率和曝光灵敏度,衍射效率高达53%,灵敏度为3.3 cm2/J,折射率调制度为4.5×10－4.研究了材料的透过率与随时间和入射角度变化的关系,说明在曝光记录过程中有噪音光栅生成.在存储介质膜中存储了全息图像,再现图像较为清晰,说明该材料适合用作高密度全息存储介质.     

利用偏振全息记录可重复擦写的偶氮相位光栅

利用偏振全息技术在偶氮苯侧链聚合物薄膜上进行了记录全息相位光栅的研究.从理论和实验两方面分析了不同的偏振全息模式、偶氮高分子聚合物材料和全息曝光时间对相位光栅生成的影响.通过实验比较,确定了最佳的实验条件,在形成折射率相位光栅的同时,最大限度的避免了由于大分子运动而导致的表面起伏对相位光栅的破坏,并在此基础上,记录了可重复擦写的全息相位光栅.这种全息光栅制作比较方便,光栅系数可以方便的调整,在室温下非常稳定并且能用圆偏振光完全擦除后重复写入.     

全息记录新材料：重铬酸盐—三醋酸纤维素酯

本文报道一种新的全息记录材料：重铬酸盐－三醋酸纤维素酯组成的感光介质。这种全息材料具有较强的实时效应，较高的衍射效率，良好的抗潮能力和环境稳定性等特点。文中分析了这种材料的感光成象机理，通过实验研究了其全息记录特性，给出了实验结果。     

红敏光聚合物干板的使用特性

光聚合物是一种新的光全息记录材料.本文介绍了红敏光聚合物干板在学生全息实验中的使用情况,实验测定了该干板的曝光均匀性、全息图的稳定性以及异丙醇溶液和热风吹干的作用.     

抗水性光致聚合物的体全息存储研究

提出了基于酞菁染料的全息记录材料,与目前已报道的基于丙烯酞胺基单体光聚合型全息记录介质相比,该聚合体系显示了优良的全息特性：全“干”热后处理,良好的抗水性和环境稳定性,制备过程简单和低毒性,并可制备成较厚的感光膜层。针对存储过程的页间和页内串扰做了理论分析和MTALAB仿真,采用自主研制的抗水性光致聚合物材料记录多幅不同图像的实验方案,分析了本抗水性全息材料的角度复用性能。     

双波长敏感的非水溶性光致聚合物存储特性研究

研究了一种新型的对红光和蓝光敏感的非水溶性光致聚合物材料的全息存储特性。该聚合材料由复合单体、复合光敏剂、复合引发剂、链转移剂及成膜物等成分组成,它具有防潮、后处理简单、分辨率高及耐高温等特点,对红、蓝光2种衍射效率均不低于75%,灵敏度为(45～65)mJ/cm2。对该材料先后进行了双波长复用存储实验和角度复用存储实验,当用红光或蓝光再现时再现图像清晰可见,相邻2副图像之间无明显干扰,说明该材料具有良好的存储性能,适合作高密度数字全息存储的记录材料,可用作光通信中的波分复用器及其他光学元件。     

绿敏光致聚合物的制备及其光全息存储性能研究

报导了一种新型的对绿光敏感的光致聚合物材料。该材料以丙烯酰胺为单体，由光引发剂，共引发剂，成膜物等组成。本材料记录的全息图衍射效率可达55％。在光聚物上采用角度复用技术存储了10幅图像，得到的再现像信噪比较高。说明该材料适合于大容量体全息存储。     

Design of a Reflective Aspherical Surface of a Compact Beam-Shaping Device

A compact beam-shaping device with a reflective aspherical surface is proposed. The device converts a circular symmetric Gaussian beam from a laser into a uniform distribution on a target plane. The device consists of a laser, a reflective aspherical surface formed on the base plane inclined by 45° against the optical axis, and a spacer. The surface is designed for an optical device used as a transmitter of indoor wireless optical communication, which is one of the promising applications. The designed surface is obtained by approximation using polynomial. Beam shaping of a simulated surface and a uniform intensity distribution on the target plane is obtained. The intensity distribution generated by the surface is numerically simulated and evaluated if the surface is misaligned. It is clarified that the generated distribution is tolerable for the misalignment.     

Detailed field model for DH stripe lasers

The field problem for DH stripe lasers is solved, using a two-dimensional model; the field variation perpendicular to the junction plane is found from a slab model, whereas the transverse variation is calculated using a method applicable to any complex permittivity profile. The origin of transverse variations in the permittivity is described by including current spreading, temperature variations and the carrier profile. The permittivity is used directly and not fitted by a parabola or a step. The fact that a large fraction of the intensity may be propagating in then-andp-layers, is taken into account by introduction of an effective permittivity. The model is applied to a practical example, and the threshold current is found as a function of active-layer thickness and stripe width. It is described how the model can be used both below and above the threshold.     

飞秒电子衍射系统的设计

研发的超快电子衍射系统由超快电子枪、样品室、超快读出系统、电源系统,以及真空系统等组成,该超快电子衍射系统具有较高的时间分辩能力和较强的探测能力.光电阴极是蒸镀于MgFB2窗上的35 nm的银膜,该阴极对266 nm的紫外光比较敏感,有较高的量子效率,又具有很好的化学稳定性.用短磁聚焦系统来实现对光电子的聚焦,有两对偏转板,其中的一对在测量时间脉宽时用作扫描板.用双MCP探测器来增强电子图像的强度,其增益在104以上,具有单电子探测能力.系统的总时间脉宽设计为358 fs.     

Enhancement of an Instability by Internal Feedbacks in a Plasma

The electron-ion instability is excited in counterstreaming ion beams and plasma system. The instability is a new type of standing oscillations whose wavelength is given by D/n, where D is the distance between boundaries and n is an integer. The amplitude is controlled by a difference between the velocities of the beams, which changes the phase of a feedback loop. The internal feedback is caused by a reflected wave and by a coupling between the boundaries. Temporal evolution of the instability is measured and is found to agree with numerical solutions of the Van der Pol equation including a feedback term. A measured growth rate is proportional to the square of the oscillation amplitude.     

光纤激光器反馈耦合损耗分析

将双包层光纤基模LP01模近似表示为拉盖尔-高斯光束的线性叠加,前六阶的拉盖尔-高斯光束包含了LP01模能量的99.99％.利用拉盖尔-高斯光束的传输特性计算了腔镜分别为球面镜和透镜加平面反射镜时的反馈耦合损耗.结果表明,腔镜为球面镜时,只有当球面镜和到达球面镜光束的曲率半径匹配时才能获得最小的耦合损耗,特别是当平面镜紧贴光纤端面时,耦合损耗为0;当腔镜为透镜加平面反射镜时,将平面镜放置在透镜焦平面时获得最小反馈耦合损耗为0.25％.     

Canonical quantisation in non-Abelian background fields

The canonical quantisation of Yang-Mills theory in a local background gauge is presented. The theory is shown to possess a BRS-supersymmetry, and the associated conserved charge is used to define a subsidiary condition on physical states. The Furry approximation is introduced, and an explicit example of the method in the case of a uniform external field strength is presented. The particle production rate is calculated, and the connection with the proper time formalism established. The results do not agree with those obtained by symmation of the corresponding perturbation series.     

On reflection from a suddenly created plasma half-space: transientsolution

The reflection by a suddenly created plasma half-space of a time-harmonic plane electromagnetic wave propagating in free space is considered. The problem involves a temporal discontinuity, a spatial discontinuity, and a dispersive medium. The steady-state solution is obtained by considering the basic features of the scattering processes due to each of the discontinuities in terms of analogous transmission-line models. The electric field of the reflected wave consists of two components. One component (called component A) is of the same frequency as the incident wave frequency and is due to the spatial discontinuity. The other component (called component B) is of a different frequency and arises because of the temporal discontinuity. The B component is damped out even if the plasma is only slightly lossy. The damping rate of the B component is calculated. The transient solution is obtained through the use of Laplace transforms. The solution is given in terms of Bessel-like functions. The limiting value of this solution is shown to agree with the steady-state solution. Numerical results illustrating the transient effects are for two typical cases     

基于少数层石墨烯可饱和吸收的锁模光纤激光器

本文利用化学气相沉积法高温分解甲烷在铜箔上制得单层石墨烯薄膜, 测量了石墨烯的拉曼光谱. 将石墨烯薄膜逐层转移到光纤跳线的氧化锆插芯端面上做成可饱和吸收材料, 实验研究了环形腔掺铒光纤脉冲激光器的输出特性, 获得了峰值波长为1560.1 nm, 3 dB带宽为0.27 nm, 重复频率为7.69 MHz, 脉冲宽度为58.8 ps 的锁模脉冲序列. 时间带宽积为1.98, 表明脉冲出现了啁啾. 最后, 通过改变两个光纤活动接头之间的空气腔的长度, 激光波长实现了4 nm的调谐. 关键词： 光纤激光器 石墨烯 锁模     

Nucleus excitation and deexcitation following at rest

The evolution of a nucleus after at rest is studied. The process is divided into two successive phases: a rapid phase, described by an intranuclear cascade model and a slow phase, akin to an evaporation process. The distribution of the residue masses after the second phase is calculated and compared to the recent radiochemical measurements for ⁹⁸Mo. The evolution of the number of pions, and the distribution of the number of fast ejected nucleons and of participants is studied. The latter two are fitted by negative binomials. The meaning of this observation is discussed. The mass dependence of several quantities, like the maximum excitation energy and the average mass loss is also investigated. Finally, the possibility of a multifragmentation is discussed.     

Critical dynamics and fluctuations for a mean-field model of cooperative behavior

The main objective of this paper is to examine in some detail the dynamics and fluctuations in the critical situation for a simple model exhibiting bistable macroscopic behavior. The model under consideration is a dynamic model of a collection of anharmonic oscillators in a two-well potential together with an attractive mean-field interaction. The system is studied in the limit as the number of oscillators goes to infinity. The limit is described by a nonlinear partial differential equation and the existence of a phase transition for this limiting system is established. The main result deals with the fluctuations at the critical point in the limit as the number of oscillators goes to infinity. It is established that these fluctuations are non-Gaussian and occur at a time scale slower than the noncritical fluctuations. The method used is based on the perturbation theory for Markov processes developed by Papanicolaou, Stroock, and Varadhan adapted to the context of probability-measure-valued processes.