Estimate for interstage water injection in air compressor incorporated into gas-turbine cycles and combined power plants cycles

The objects of study are the gas turbine (GT) plant and combined cycle power plant (CCPP) with opportunity for injection between the stages of air compressor. The objective of this paper is technical and economy optimization calculations for these classes of plants with water interstage injection. The integrated development environment “System of machine building program” was a tool for creating the mathematic models for these classes of power plants. Optimization calculations with the criterion of minimum for specific capital investment as a function of the unit efficiency have been carried out. For a gas-turbine plant, the economic gain from water injection exists for entire range of power efficiency. For the combined cycle plant, the economic benefit was observed only for a certain range of plant’s power efficiency.     

An effective method for optimization of continuous and discrete parameters of heat and power plants

Modern thermal power plants are complex technological systems. Therefore, making informed decisions when studying them requires the use of mathematical modeling and nonlinear optimization methods for plant parameter. The most complex task is to solve a mixed optimization problem wherein a part of optimization parameters vary continuously, and the other can take only discrete (integer) values. An effective method is developed to solve a thermal power plant optimization problem with continuous and discrete parameters. The method suggests an iterative procedure for solving continuous nonlinear programming problems and discrete-continuous linear programming problems. For each iteration, we add new constraints obtained by linearizing nonlinear inequality constraints and the objective function of the initial problem to the system of inequality constraints of linear problem. The effectiveness of the proposed method is exemplified by the optimization of a combined cycle power plant with a mixture of working media (the STIG scheme). Design characteristics of heating surface of a waste heat recovery boiler represent the discrete parameters to be optimized. The research demonstrates a considerable reduction in computational effort compared to the branch and bound method.     

Optimizing parameters of GTU cycle and design values of air-gas channel in a gas turbine with cooled nozzle and rotor blades

The authors have formulated the problem of joint optimization of pressure and temperature of combustion products before gas turbine, profiles of nozzle and rotor blades of gas turbine, and cooling air flow rates through nozzle and rotor blades. The article offers an original approach to optimization of profiles of gas turbine blades where the optimized profiles are presented as linear combinations of preliminarily formed basic profiles. The given examples relate to optimization of the gas turbine unit on the criterion of power efficiency at preliminary heat removal from air flows supplied for the air-gas channel cooling and without such removal.     

Investigation of coal fired combined-cycle cogeneration plants for power, heat, syngas, and hydrogen

The methodology for determination of technical and economic efficiency of coal fired combined-cycle cogeneration plant (CCCP) with low-pressure steam-gas generator and continuous flow gasifier at combined production of power, heat, syngas, and hydrogen is considered. The results of investigation are presented. Such CCCP have higher technical and economic efficiency than the pulverized coal cogeneration plant modified by gas-turbine.     

环境温度对燃气轮机功热并供装置及联合循环变工况性能的影响

采用动力机械变工况性能解析分析方法,研究了大气温度变化对燃气轮机功热并供和联合循环装置性能影响．指出燃气轮机在带有余热利用的条件下,大气温度的影响明显减弱,并对不同燃气轮机设计参数和蒸汽设计参数影响做了分析比较。     

Optimization of steam-turbine power unit of a coal mini-HPP with variable schedule of heat and electric energy loads

The technique for optimization of parameters of a power unit of a gas-turbine small-size heat and power plant was developed with regard for seasonable nature of heat and electric energy loads; the approach uses linear versions of dependency of outlet parameters on the inlet parameters. A mathematical model of the energy unit of a mini-HPP was developed. Optimization calculations for a coal gas-turbine mini-HPP were carried out for several optimization criteria: minimal revenue from the produced heat and electric energy (at different levels of fuel price), minimum of fuel consumption during year, and minimal investment at a given internal return rate.     

Cycle of a closed gas-turbine plant with a gas-dynamic energy-separation device

The efficiency of closed gas-turbine space-based plants is analyzed. The weight–size characteristics of closed gas-turbine plants are shown in many respects as determined by the refrigerator?radiator parameters. The scheme of closed gas-turbine plants with a gas-dynamic temperature-stratification device is proposed, and a calculation model is developed. This model shows that the cycle efficiency decreases by 2% in comparison with that of the closed gas-turbine plants operating by the traditional scheme with increasing temperature at the output from the refrigerator?radiator by 28 K and decreasing its area by 13.7%.     

Coordinated scheduling of electricity and natural gas infrastructures with a transient model for natural gas flow

This paper focuses on transient characteristics of natural gas flow in the coordinated scheduling of security-constrained electricity and natural gas infrastructures. The paper takes into account the slow transient process in the natural gas transmission systems. Considering their transient characteristics, natural gas transmission systems are modeled as a set of partial differential equations (PDEs) and algebraic equations. An implicit finite difference method is applied to approximate PDEs by difference equations. The coordinated scheduling of electricity and natural gas systems is described as a bi-level programming formulation from the independent system operator's viewpoint. The objective of the upper-level problem is to minimize the operating cost of electric power systems while the natural gas scheduling optimization problem is nested within the lower-level problem. Numerical examples are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed solution and to compare the solutions for steady-state and transient models of natural gas transmission systems.     

Development of a wide range-operable,rich-lean low-NOx combustor for NH3 fuel gas-turbine power generation

Low-NOx NH₃-air combustion power generation technology was developed by using a 50-kWe class micro gas-turbine system at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan, for the first time. Based on the global demand for carbon-free power generation as well as recent advances involving gas-turbine technologies, such as heat-regenerative cycles, rapid fuel mixing using strong swirling flows, and two-stage combustion with equivalence ratio control, we developed a low-NOx NH₃-air non-premixed combustor for the gas-turbine system. Considering a previously performed numerical analysis, which proved that the NO reduction level depends on the equivalence ratio of the primary combustion zone in a NH₃-air swirl burner, an experimental study using a combustor test rig was carried out. Results showed that eliminating air flow through primary dilution holes moves the point of the lowest NO emissions to the lesser fuel flow rate. Based on findings derived by using a test rig, a rich-lean low NOx combustor was newly manufactured for actual gas-turbine operations. As a result, the NH₃ single fueled low-NOx combustion gas-turbine power generation using the rich-lean combustion concept succeeded over a wide range of power and rotational speeds, i.e., below 10–40 kWe and 75,000–80,000?rpm, respectively. The NO emissions were reduced to 337?ppm (16% O₂), which was about one-third of that of the base system. Simultaneously, unburnt NH₃ was reduced significantly, especially at the low electrical power output, which was indicative of the wider operating range with high combustion efficiency. In addition, N₂O emissions, which have a large Global Warming Potential (GWP) of 298, were reduced significantly, thus demonstrating the potential of NH₃ gas-turbine power generation with low environmental impacts.     

PG9351FA燃机建模及改烧合成气的通流调整分析

在透平冷却空气量估算的基础上,建立了透平逐级计算、考虑IGV角度对压气机特性曲线影响的PG9351FA燃机变工况模型.针对改烧合成气带来的压气机喘振、通流匹配等问题,分析了关小IGV角度、增大透平通流面积、降低燃气轮机T3温度等几种不同的通流调整措施对燃气轮机最大出力、压气机喘振裕度以及燃气轮机整体性能的影响,提出了一...     

燃用低热值煤气的联合循环仿真及热经济分析

本文基于Aspen plus软件对燃用低热值煤气的燃气蒸汽联合循环系统进行了模拟仿真。在该仿真平台上对系统设计工况进行了计算验证。在设计工况下,燃气透平进口温度为1000～1050℃,模拟计算结果为1016.2℃。燃气透平出口温度设计参数为517.2℃,模拟结果为519.2℃。结果表明仿真模型能够准确模拟系统稳态情况的各种工况。本文还运用矩阵模式热经济学的方法对系统设计工况下的（?）流成本进行了计算分析,对系统进行了技术经济评价。燃气轮机和蒸汽轮机电能耗费的能量成本分别为22.2,24.06和16.64$·GJ^-1。     

排气全燃型联合循环设计点性能简明估计公式

排气全燃型联合循环设计点性能简明估计公式蔡睿贤（中国科学院工程热物理研究所北京１０Ｏ０８０）关键词：排气全燃型联合循环，热力分析主要符号表Ｈｕ燃料热值Ｌ燃料理论空气量ｌ比功Ｐ单位能量价格Ｒ燃气轮机与蒸汽轮机的功率比α过量空气系数β摩尔燃料系数△增量η...     

第二代AFBC—CC热力性能初探

第二代ＡＦＢＣ—ＣＣ热力性能初探张娜，蔡睿贤，林汝谋（中国科学院工程热物理研究所）关键词常压流化床，燃煤联合循环，效率，功比符号表Ｄ总压恢复系数Ｔｅ余热锅炉排烟温度Ｂ燃烧室Ｇ流量△增量Ｃ压气机Ｈ焓η效率ｃｃ联合循环Ｈｕ煤气热值π压比ｄ燃气透平出口Ｎ功...     

给水加热型联合循环的变工况性能

在联合循环改造的各种方案中,给水加热型具有投资少、改动少、耗用优质燃料较少、尤其是简单易行及技术难度小等特点,因此在我国现有的技术经济水平、特别是以煤为主的国情下,有一定应用市场。本文分析比较了多种变工况运行方式的性能及可能出现的问题,并在此基础上提出综合性能较好的运行模式。     

联合循环中蒸汽底循环优化设计的方法与模型

1背景联合循环发电与联产系统已成为传统火电站强有力的竞争者，蒸汽底循环已成为联合循环的有机组成部分。高性能的燃气轮机要求高效率的底循环与之相匹配，以达到提高系统效率的最终目的。关于蒸汽底循环的设计，目前的方法可分为：案例分析【‘1、特定流程的特定方法［‘］、未实现梯级利用的压力匹配设计l’］。这些方法都未能对燃机排热实现有效的梯级利用，而且不能全面考虑底循环面对的限制。本文克服已有方法的局限性，提出底循环灵活、统一的模型，真实反映燃机排热最有效的梯级利用方式，适应不同联合循环对底循环的不同要求和实…     

燃煤发电CO2捕集系统协调预测控制

基于化学吸附的燃烧后CO2捕集技术是最具应用前景的燃煤电站脱碳方法。然而,捕集系统与电站之间存在强烈的相互干扰,增大了整体系统控制的难度。为此,本文提出一种燃煤发电CO2捕集整体系统协调预测控制策略。为燃煤电站机炉系统和捕集系统分别设计预测控制器,并将当前及未来估计的汽机抽汽流量和烟气流量作为前馈信号送入预测控制器,以此实现两套系统间的相互协调和深度结合。仿真结果验证了所提方法的优越性和有效性。     

400MW级IGCC机组变工况性能计算

1引言一个多世纪以来,煤一直是世界上主要的发电燃料,这一趋势将在较长的时间内一直保持下去。对于中国这样一个以煤作为一次能源的国家,这一现象尤为突出。特别是随着全球性能源危机的出现以及环境保护要求的提高,使得洁净煤技术（CCT）受到普遍关注。在众多的洁净煤发电技术中,IGCC技术以其特有的高效率、低污染等特点,被认为是下世纪最有发展前途的洁净煤发电技术之一。鉴于IGCC系统结构与组态非常复杂,涉及煤的气化、净化、燃气轮机、余热锅炉、蒸汽轮机、空气分离等关键技术,因此建立IGCC系统的性能模型,对IGCC机组的…     

微燃机稳压箱的计算分析

本文对自行设计的100 kW微型燃气轮机的稳压箱进行了数值模拟,并将结果与国外某75 kW微型燃气轮机的稳压箱的数值模拟结果进行了对比。然后对结果进行分析,从中发现,自行设计的微型燃气轮机的稳压箱与国外同功率级的稳压箱相比,总压恢复系数有所提高,流动损失较小,因此具有更优良的气动性能。计算表明,进口处流动方向变化较大,流动损失也较大,并且流动复杂,有漩涡产生,流场具有复杂的结构,必须在设计时引起足够的重视。     

燃气轮机机理建模与性能监测

燃气轮机电厂是电网调峰和分布式能源系统中的重要组成部分,其安全稳定运行和快速响应对燃气轮机性能要求较高,因此对燃气轮机进行性能监测有着重要意义。本文采用了模块化机理建模的方法,基于MATLAB平台,建立了简单循环单轴燃气轮机数学模型,并以某典型9E燃气轮机的实际运行数据进行了模型验证,结果表明本文所建模型可以较准确地反映燃气轮机性能。此外,本文所建数学模型具有一定的普适性,通过输入不同的设计参数,可以用于不同等级、不同型号燃气轮机的性能研究。     

单轴燃气轮机联合循环变工况[2mm］典型解析特性

摘　要～本文对余热锅炉型联合循环给出其变工况特性解析解并加以规律性的总结,它虽不能严格表达某一具体机组的准确特性,但可将其视为这类动力装置通用特性的典型表达。