平场输入/输出蚀刻衍射光栅的设计

光通信中波分复用技术是解决通信网络瓶颈的有效手段，近年来得到很大发展。以平面波导波分复用器件为核心的密集波分复用技术已经得到成功商用。蚀刻衍射光栅是平面波导密集波分复用器件中很有发展潜力的一种。原有蚀刻衍射光栅采用罗兰圆设计，输入输出在圆弧曲线上由条形波导引出；而平场输入／输出的蚀刻衍射光栅在很多应用中可以省去制作输入输出波导，大大简化制作工艺，同时能够保持良好的线性色散和聚集效果。给出了平场输入和输出蚀刻衍射光栅的设计方法，并利用标量衍射理论对设计的结果进行模拟，验证了平场输出蚀刻衍射光栅具有很好的分波效果。     

基于光纤光栅的光子器件及其在波分复用系统中的应用

本文报道了光纤光栅外腔激光器、光纤光栅解复用器、光纤光栅滤波器、解复用滤波器和分/插复用器(OADM)等在全光通信网中有应用潜力的新型光子学器件的实验结果,并演示了这些器件的功能和基于这些器件的4路符合ITU波长标准,间隔约为1.6nm,速率为4×155Mbit/s的密集波分复用传输。     

大角度蚀刻衍射光栅的模拟

研究了平面波导密集波分复用器件中很有发展潜力的蚀刻衍射光栅(EDG).小角度范围光栅的模拟通常采用高斯近似的输入光场,由于近轴的高斯光场接近实际光场,所以模拟结果很准确.但这种方法应用于大角度范围的光栅则有偏差.本文提出了大角度蚀刻衍射光栅的模拟方法,分析了这种偏差并给出了模拟结果.事实上这种方法也适合于实际任意输入光场的模拟.     

体相位全息光栅式波分复用器的研究

利用体相位全息光栅的优良特性,研制光栅式密集型波分复用器(DWDM)。准直后的信道波长通过体相位全息光栅两次衍射,在焦面上实现信道波长的分复用。阐述了体相位全息光栅的独特结构特点,给出了体相位全息光栅式密集型光波分复用器件的原理图,计算出各个信道的位置及间隔,用Zemax仿真出设计模型。相比于薄膜滤光片式器件而言,具有许多独特的优良特性,能够实现更密集更多信道数量的分复用。     

刻蚀衍射光栅色散特性分析

对作为波分复用关键器件之一的刻蚀衍射光栅(EDG)的色散特性提出了一种完整的计算方案,分析了器件强度响应和相位响应之间的内在关系.同时通过模拟计算提出并验证了平坦化的同时加剧了色散,以及适当改善频谱响应带通纹波大小可以在一定程度上降低器件的色散.最终指出了使用渐变的抛物线结构多模干涉更有利于得到综合性能最优的平坦频谱.     

两点法设计平场型EDG波分复用器件

利用两点法(two stigmatic points method)对平场型蚀刻衍射光栅(EDG)波分复用器件进行了优化设计.与传统EDG相比,该方法以较小的性能损失为代价,极大简化了制作工艺.通过标量波动衍射理论对16通道的该型器件进行了数值模拟,结果表明:在用光探测器陈列接收的情况下,额外的功率损耗约为1dB,信道间的不均匀性小于0.3dB,串绕小于-30dB.     

一种改善频谱性能的蚀刻衍射光栅输出结构新设计

对波分复用系统中一种重要的解复用器-衍射蚀刻光栅(EDG)的输出结构进行了研究,并提出一种新的采用渐变波导和空气槽相结合的结构设计,在保持器件原有的紧凑结构的前提下极大的提高了器件的频谱特性.该结构设计不需要额外的工艺过程,并且具有很好的工艺容差性.结构的有效性通过波束传播方法(BPM)和模式传播分析(MPA)得到了验证.在所给的数值模型中,-1 dB带宽和品质因素分别比传统设计提高了1.474和1.383倍.同时,相邻信道间的串扰降低了15 dB以上,而整个结构引入的功率损耗仅仅为0.65 dB.     

低偏振相关损耗全息光栅波分复用器的设计

对基于掺杂铌酸锂材料的体光栅波分复用器主要结构和光栅记录参量提出了一种优化设计方法.采用严格耦合波理论,对两种偏振不同入射角和不同记录晶体厚度下的器件关键性能参量,如插入损耗和偏振相关损耗等进行了优化.数值结果证明采用优化设计的晶体厚度和光栅记录时的入射角,在获得相当低的偏振相关损耗的同时,也能够获得较低的插入损耗,实现了综合性能优化的波分复用器设计.实验结果证明用优化设计的参量能有效降低波分复用器件的插入损耗和偏振相关损耗.     

基于非均匀取样布拉格光纤光栅Interleaver的设计

对于光纤通信领域有限的带宽资源,波分复用与解复用器件Interleaver是未来密集型波分复用(DWDM)光纤通信网中的关键器件。为此结合非均匀取样光栅Interleaver的基本设计原理,运用耦合模理论和矩阵传输方法对非均匀取样光纤布拉格光栅的传输特性进行了数值模拟计算,并设计了信道间隔为0.8nm的设计实例,反射谱峰值均匀达到80％～95％,传输通道间隔稳定均匀,时延和色散均匀,时延抖动小于200ps。     

自由空间微闪耀光栅解复用器

波分复用/解复用器件在光纤通信中具有重要的应用。设计了一种自由空间的微闪耀光栅解复用器,通过对其衍射光场的复振幅分布的研究,得到了满足1级闪耀输出的光栅方程,实现了复合波长信号光在空间上的解复用。通过对微闪耀光栅解复用器的衍射效率和串扰进行分析后表明,微闪耀光栅解复用器具有很高的衍射效率,信号间串扰非常小,而且元件尺寸小,结构紧凑,集成度高,在光通信和光信息处理中具有一定的应用价值。     

Performance comparison of various modulation schemes over free space optical (FSO) link employing Gamma–Gamma fading model

Free Space Optics (FSO) is an emerging line-of-sight technology intending to provide last-mile solution to the network problem where fiber technology is not feasible. The use of Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technology for FSO is inspired due to the demand for broadband communication. This technique has brought a revolution because the system data capacity is enhanced by simply adding more number of channels and reducing the channel spacing without having the need of more than one FSO link. By reducing the channel spacing to an appropriate level, Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) based FSO systems are also be attained and are reported by various research works. FSO finds applications in vast areas like backhaul networks for cellular communication, disaster recovery, LAN–LAN connectivity, high-definition TV, MAN-extension, video transmission, medicine industry and surveillance. However, its usage is limited due to the serious challenges of link vulnerability to weather and atmospheric turbulence-induced fading. This paper is based on a WDM-FSO system. An 8-channel WDM based FSO system is proposed and performance is evaluated on widely accepted modulation schemes under weak, moderate and strong turbulence conditions. Gamma–Gamma fading model is employed for atmospheric turbulence modelling. The system is simulated on OptiSystem 14.0.     

Machine Learning Algorithms for Prediction of the Quality of Transmission in Optical Networks

Increasing demand in the backbone Dense Wavelength Division (DWDM) Multiplexing network traffic prompts an introduction of new solutions that allow increasing the transmission speed without significant increase of the service cost. In order to achieve this objective simpler and faster, DWDM network reconfiguration procedures are needed. A key problem that is intrinsically related to network reconfiguration is that of the quality of transmission assessment. Thus, in this contribution a Machine Learning (ML) based method for an assessment of the quality of transmission is proposed. The proposed ML methods use a database, which was created only on the basis of information that is available to a DWDM network operator via the DWDM network control plane. Several types of ML classifiers are proposed and their performance is tested and compared for two real DWDM network topologies. The results obtained are promising and motivate further research.     

Low crosstalk monolithic wavelength demultiplexing switch arrays

Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) is a key enabling technology for increasing the transmission capacity of optical fiber communication systems. Recently, a new family of optoelectronic devices, including detectors, switches, and emitters, that is based on resonant cavity enhancement, has emerged. Wavelength selective optoelectronic switching is achieved by placing a photothyristor in an asymmetric Fabry-Perot cavity, which provides a highly selective response at a wavelength determined during device fabrication. These WDM optoelectronic devices haue promising applications in optical COmmunications and optical logic circuits. Results on a N-p-n-p optoelectronic switch with a ten wavelength channel capability are presented.     

基于三波导耦合的聚合物电光可调光衰减器

可调光衰减器(VOA)是密集波分复用(DWDM)网络中的重要器件之一,它的一个重要应用是实现多通道间的功率均衡。提出了一种基于三波导耦合结构的聚合物电光可调光衰减器的设计方案,即利用两个旁侧波导耦合掉主通道波导中的光,从而达到衰减的目的。并运用束传播法(BPM)对该器件进行了相关性能的模拟、分析及优化,使得该结构衰减达到60 dB,驱动电压为11.3 V,插入损耗为0.48 dB。该结构有效的降低了驱动电压,并使该结构的高衰减可调光衰减器得以实现。     

Fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) woodpile structure photonic crystal with layer by layer e-beam lithography

Photonic crystal based superprism offers a way to design new optical components for beam steering and DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) application. Three-dimensional (3D) photonic crystals are especially attractive as they could offer more control of the light beam. A FCT (Face-Centered-Tetragonal) woodpile structure has been fabricated using layer by layer stacking techniques with E-Beam lithography. Special planarizations and processes have been introduced to ensure the survivability and good alignment of the fabricated nanostructures. Scanning electron microscopy results proved the structure uniformity. With the proper design, the structure exhibits superprism effects around 1550 nm, and such effects have been observed in the experiments.     

A novel proposal for DWDM demultiplexer design using modified-T photonic crystal structure

We propose an ultra compact structure to realize demultiplexing operation for Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) communication systems using resonant cavity in modified-T Photonic Crystal (PC) structure. To the best of our knowledge, this is for the first time that a PC-based demultiplexer has been achieved with 1 nm channel spacing and 0.45 nm mean value of bandwidth without using either specific materials or complexities in fabrication process. Designs offering improvement of channel spacing and bandwidth of the proposed demultiplexer is our aim in this work. The attained characteristics are approximately in the range of the DWDM communication systems. Accurate resonant cavities have been used in terms of location and size of holes in the proposed structure in order for them to capture desired wavelengths in optical telecommunication range. Our simulations indicate the average amount of crosstalk (Xt) and the average quality factor (Q) to be ?21.1 dB and 3488, respectively. Two-dimensional (2D) Finite-Difference-Time-Domain (FDTD) is chosen for simulation of the proposed structure. The footprint of the structure is approximately 536 μm² and can be fabricated and integrated densely and easily.     

基于渐变折射率光量子阱的密集波分复用研究

提出了利用渐变折射率光量子阱设计密集波分复用器件的构想,用时域有限差分法验证了该构想的可行性,分析了这种器件工作的物理机理.计算表明,折射率分布曲线不同的光子阱能局域不同的量子态,应用不同局域态的光量子阱对光波进行合成和分离,能够有效减小信道间隔,实现密集波分复用功能,使有限的频带能容纳更多的信道,提高频谱利用率.该器件信道中心波长精确稳定,信道隔离度较大,插入损耗小而均匀,信道间信号串扰小.     

一种适用于多级光交换节点的模块化可重构光交叉连接器

为了更经济和更灵活地传送通信业务,在设计用于未来主干传送网的分级光交换节点设备时,必须密切结合业务的特点。本文介绍了一种可用于分级光交换切点的新型的、结合了空分、波分和时分技术的多级可重构光交叉连接器的原理,并给出了第一和第二级的具体结构。这种光交叉连接设备是完全模块化的,可以很容易扩展为n×n大规模光交叉连接设备。     

Generation of excellent self-similar pulses in a dispersion-decreasing fiber

Pulses compression has been widely studied for a long time. In order to generate excellent self-similar pulses in a dispersion-decreasing optical fiber with normal group-velocity dispersion, the influence of initial pulse parameters on the properties of the self-similar parabolic pulses interaction are firstly investigated in the paper. We find that the phase of sinusoidal fit and asymptotic dark soliton change according to the changing of initial phase difference. Meanwhile, increasing the full-width at half-maximum and input energy or decreasing time-delay properly, the interaction between self-similar pulses enhances accordingly, which makes the interaction length shorter and reduce the lose of energy, resulting in high energy output. The results are beneficial in experimental studies by adjusting the initial parameters of pulses to generate high-quality self-similar pulse. It is important for Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) transmission system which is in heavy demands of light source in wide-range wavelength.