一种基于全息术的光学系统闭环像差补偿方法

提出了一种基于21单元变形镜与全息波前传感器的全息自适应光学系统, 并对其像差校正能力进行了分析. 首先描述了全息波前传感器基本原理, 并在薄全息图近似下给出基于快速傅里叶变换算法的全息波前传感器数值模型; 然后基于21单元变形镜的数值模型, 分析了该变形镜的波前校正能力; 在此基础上, 数值模拟并实验验证了全息自适应光学系统对静态像差的闭环校正能力.     

哈特曼波前探测及波前校正的仿真与误差分析

报道了以３７单元自适应光学系统为原型的波前校正计算机仿真模型，讨论了系统波前哈特曼探测误差，拟合误差以及变形镜波前复原误差，提出了自适应光学系统在校正大气湍流引直怕波前位相畸变时存在最佳有效孔径的设想。     

Comparison of several stochastic parallel optimization algorithms for adaptive optics system without a wavefront sensor

Optimizing the system performance metric directly is an important method for correcting wavefront aberrations in an adaptive optics (AO) system where wavefront sensing methods are unavailable or ineffective. An appropriate “Deformable Mirror” control algorithm is the key to successful wavefront correction. Based on several stochastic parallel optimization control algorithms, an adaptive optics system with a 61-element Deformable Mirror (DM) is simulated. Genetic Algorithm (GA), Stochastic Parallel Gradient Descent (SPGD), Simulated Annealing (SA) and Algorithm Of Pattern Extraction (Alopex) are compared in convergence speed and correction capability. The results show that all these algorithms have the ability to correct for atmospheric turbulence. Compared with least squares fitting, they almost obtain the best correction achievable for the 61-element DM. SA is the fastest and GA is the slowest in these algorithms. The number of perturbation by GA is almost 20 times larger than that of SA, 15 times larger than SPGD and 9 times larger than Alopex.     

基于线性相位反演技术的自适应光学闭环实验研究

利用成像光学系统、变形镜、装有图像采集卡和D/A卡的PC机等建立了一套基于线性相位反演技术的自适应光学闭环实验系统.在Windows操作系统下用VC完成图像处理和控制算法.利用一台高测量精度的哈特曼传感器测量波前信息并评价自适应光学系统的校正效果.在不同像差大小状态下研究了这种基于线性相位反演技术的自适应光学系统的像差校正能力.收敛速度,稳定性等.实验结果表明,基于线性相位反演技术的自适应光学系统对静态小像差有较好的校正效果.     

一种结合图像复原技术的自适应光学系统控制方法

在天文高分辨成像领域,自适应光学校正和事后图像复原都必不可少,但传统的自适应光学系统控制方法以提升光学成像质量为目的,并未考虑图像复原环节,因此,研究一种结合两者以获得高质量复原图像为目标的控制方法具有重要意义.本文对传统自适应光学技术结合事后图像解卷积的方法进行了分析,阐述了其存在的缺陷.首次提出了将自适应光学技术和图像复原技术相结合进行系统分析的思想,并提出了变形镜校正度(变形镜控制电压相对于传统方法控制电压的缩放比例)的概念,通过改变校正度可实现变形镜校正残差和波前传感器探测误差的调整,同时证明了复原图像质量在校正度下降的方向存在一个最优值,用最优校正度来修正变形镜控制电压,就得到了一种新的控制方法.针对点源目标成像,仿真表明该方法相比于传统方法,能够得到质量更好的复原图像.     

交连值对斜率响应矩阵和迭代矩阵稀疏度的影响

基于529单元自适应光学(AO)系统,分析了变形镜到哈特曼波前传感器的斜率响应矩阵的稀疏特性、波前复原中迭代矩阵的稀疏特性.在变形镜驱动器间距不变的条件下,研究了驱动器交连值对斜率响应矩阵稀疏度、迭代矩阵稀疏度以及AO系统校正能力的影响.研究表明,斜率响应矩阵和迭代矩阵的稀疏度随交连值的增大而减小;交连值过大或者过小都会影响AO系统的稳定性和校正能力.最后,综合斜率响应矩阵和迭代矩阵的稀疏度、系统稳定性和校正能力,给出了交连值的合理取值范围.     

MEMS-based adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy

We have developed a compact, robust adaptive optics (AO) scanning laser ophthalmoscope using a microelectromechanical (MEMS) deformable mirror (DM). Facilitated with a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor, the MEMS-DM-based AO operates a closed-loop modal wave aberration correction for the human eye and reduces wave aberrations in most eyes to below 0.1 microm rms. Lateral resolution is enhanced, and images reveal a clear cone mosaic near the foveal center. The significant increase in throughput allows for a confocal pinhole whose diameter is less than the Airy disc of the collection lens, thereby fully exploiting the axial resolution capabilities of the system.     

Adaptive aberration correction based on ant colony algorithm for solid-state lasers: numerical simulations

We describe an adaptive aberration correction technique based on an ant colony algorithm for solid-state lasers and a general class of other adaptive optics systems. We show that it is possible to compensate phase aberrations without wavefront sensing in this approach, which iteratively adjusts the control voltages of a deformable mirror to maximize certain system performance metrics of the far-field intensity distribution of the laser beam. The effectiveness of this approach is analyzed numerically by use of a 37-element piezoelectric deformable mirror and a variation of the Strehl ratio as the metric. Results demonstrate that this approach can effectively compensate the phase distortions of laser beams and significantly improve beam quality. A comparison indicates that this approach is much faster than a genetic algorithm while achieving almost the same beam quality.     

基于近红外光谱的人眼像差校正系统中变形镜性能对比研究

对比分析了基于近红外光谱的人眼像差校正系统中两种微机械薄膜变形镜(OKO37单元和BMC140单元)的结构特征和空间特性,着重对变形镜的影响函数进行了主成分研究,建立了变形镜电压控制模型,并通过调整参数d确定变形镜最优控制模式。最后对Zernike单位模式波前像差和Thibos模式人眼波前像差进行拟合仿真实验,结果表明BMC140单元变形镜对Zernike各阶模式的拟合能力均为OKO37单元变形镜的2倍以上。对RMS均值为0.683λ(λ=0.785 μm)的Thibos模式人眼像差,BMC变形镜校正后残余像差RMS值为0.063λ,达到了光学系统的衍射极限(λ/14)。而OKO变形镜由于受相邻电极交连值大、电极分布密度小等因素的影响,其校正能力不及BMC变形镜,残余像差RMS值为0.168λ。本方法也可用于其他种类变形镜的性能评估。     

用于活体人眼视网膜观察的自适应光学成像系统

利用自适应光学技术,研制了两套活体人眼视网膜高分辨力成像系统,在实时校正人眼波前误差的基础上,实现活体人眼视网膜细胞尺度的高分辨力成像。这两套系统分别采用19和37单元小型压电变形反射镜作为波前校正元件,哈特曼-夏克(Hartmann-Shack)波前传感器测量波前误差,用眼底反射的半导体激光作为波前探测的信标。在用计算机控制自适应光学系统实现人眼波前误差校正后,触发闪光灯照明视网膜,用CCD相机记录视网膜的高分辨力图像。校正后的残余波前误差的均方根值已分别小于1／6和1／10波长,相当于视网膜上成像分辨力分别为3．4μm和2．6μm,接近衍射极限。试验表明37单元系统的成像质量更好。     

自适应光学系统随机并行梯度下降控制算法实验研究

随机并行梯度下降算法是一种极具应用潜力的自适应光学系统控制算法,具有不依赖波前传感器直接对系统性能指标进行优化的特点。基于32单元变形镜、CCD成像器件等建立自适应光学系统随机并行梯度下降控制算法实验平台。考察算法增益系数和扰动幅度对校正效果和收敛速度的影响,验证随机并行梯度下降算法的基本原理。实验结果表明参量选取合适的情况下,随机并行梯度下降控制算法对静态或慢变化的畸变波前具有较好的校正能力。根据实验结果分析了影响随机并行梯度下降算法校正速度的主要因素。     

固体板条MOPA激光光束质量主动控制

详细介绍了固体板条MOPA激光系统输出光束特性,包括光束近场强度分布、波前畸变空间特性和时间频率特性等,并以此为设计输入,研制了大动态范围高空间分辨率变形镜。研制的自适应光学闭环校正系统在强光条件下,实现了全程闭环控制,光束质量因子平均值从开环7.4提高到4.06。根据当前波前闭环校正残差,提出了进一步提高MOPA系统输出光束质量的方法。     

Adaptive-optics ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography

Merging of ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography (UHR OCT) and adaptive optics (AO), resulting in high axial (3 microm) and improved transverse resolution (5-10 microm) is demonstrated for the first time to our knowledge in in vivo retinal imaging. A compact (300 mm x 300 mm) closed-loop AO system, based on a real-time Hartmann-Shack wave-front sensor operating at 30 Hz and a 37-actuator membrane deformable mirror, is interfaced to an UHR OCT system, based on a commercial OCT instrument, employing a compact Ti:sapphire laser with 130-nm bandwidth. Closed-loop correction of both ocular and system aberrations results in a residual uncorrected wave-front rms of 0.1 microm for a 3.68-mm pupil diameter. When this level of correction is achieved, OCT images are obtained under a static mirror configuration. By use of AO, an improvement of the transverse resolution of two to three times, compared with UHR OCT systems used so far, is obtained. A significant signal-to-noise ratio improvement of up to 9 dB in corrected compared with uncorrected OCT tomograms is also achieved.     

动态波前误差的自适应光学实时校正

本文报道了在实验室里用由21元面阵变形反射镜、横向剪切干涉仪和平行控制系统构成的自适应光学系统实时校正动态波前误差的原理和实验结果.     

37单元双压电片变形镜板条激光光束净化

为了校正板条激光器输出光束波前像差,改善输出光束质量,提出了基于37单元双压电片变形镜的板条激光光束净化系统。采用柱面反射式单向扩束器使主振荡功率放大结构板条激光器输出光束尺寸与37单元双压电片变形镜有效口径相匹配,利用随机并行梯度下降算法控制双压电片变形镜面形,进行波前像差闭环校正,校正后光束远场归一化桶中功率提高到净化前的2~3倍。     

随机并行梯度下降光束净化实验研究

利用自适应光学技术进行光束净化是高能激光系统中一项重要的研究内容.为实现光束净化系统的小型化和低成本,基于系统性能评价函数无模型最优化的波前畸变校正方法是适合的技术方案.就随机并行梯度下降(SPGD)最优化算法在光束净化系统中的应用展开研究.针对高能激光束常见的像差分布进行了SPGD波前校正的数值模拟,在此基础上构建了37单元自适应光学光束净化实验平台,讨论了双边扰动梯度估计和迭代增益系数自适应变化对算法收敛特性的影响.数值模拟与实验结果验证了SPGD算法对不同程度波前畸变的校正能力,表明了SPGD光束净化方案的可行性.     

Roughness measurement of metals using a modified binary speckle image and adaptive optics

This paper proposes an integrated roughness measurement system that is based on adaptive optics (AO) and binary analysis of speckle pattern images. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the necessity for AO compensation in regions containing both heat and fluid flow turbulences. A speckle image was obtained by projecting a laser beam onto the specimen surface, and the laser pattern image reflected from the surface was binarized to experimentally correlate the intensity with the surface roughness. In the absence of the AO correction scheme, induced turbulences can severely increase the residual rms error from 0.14 to 1.4 μm. After a real-time closed-loop AO correction, we can reduce the wavefront root mean square (rms) error to 0.12 μm, which not only compensates for the aberration error from induced disturbances but also improves the overall performance of the optical system. In addition, an AO system having different gains was investigated, and a threshold gain value was found to be able to steadily compensate for the wavefront errors in less than 2 s. Measurement results of five steel samples having roughness ranging from 0.2 to 3.125 μm (0.3λ and 5λ, where λ is the diode laser wavelength) demonstrate an excellent correlation between the intensity distribution of binary images and average roughness with a correlation coefficient of 0.9982. Furthermore, the proposed AO-assisted system is in good agreement with the stylus method and less than 9.73% error values can be consistently obtained.     

Combinational-deformable-mirror adaptive optics system for compensation of high-order modes of wavefront

A new kind of adaptive optics (AO) system, in which several low spatial frequency deformable mirrors(DMs) with optical conjugation relationship are combined to correct high-order aberrations, is proposed.The phase compensation principle and the control method of the combinational AO system are introduced.The numerical simulations for the AO system with two 60-element DMs are presented. The results indicate that the combinational DM in the AO system can correct different aberrations effectively as one single DM with more actuators, and there is no change of control method. This technique can be applied to a large telescope AO system to improve the spatial compensation capability for wavefront by using current DM.     

高功率固体激光装置哈特曼传感器参考波前标定方法

 在高功率固体激光驱动器中,参考波前标定是自适应光学系统应用过程中的关键技术之一。基于国内某大型激光原型装置光路特点,对比研究了两种不同的参考波前标定方法,详细分析了两种方法的标定过程和影响标定结果准确性的主要因素,选取了较为准确的参考波前标定结果。基于该参考波前,对AO系统闭环和开环条件下的远场进行了对比测试,实验证明了标定结果的有效性。该研究结果成功应用于该激光原型装置的AO系统波前补偿实验。     

A wavefront sensor-less adaptive optical system for a solid-state laser

A wavefront sensor-less adaptive optical system has been set up. It consists of a deformable mirror, a high-voltage amplifier, a set of solid-state laser system, a CCD camera, control software and a genetic algorithm. This adaptive optical system does not employ a wavefront sensor to detect the wavefront information, but optimizes the light intensity within a fixed aperture in the focal plane by a 19-element piezoelectricity deformable mirror. A genetic algorithm is introduced to search the optimum surface profile of the deformable mirror for correcting the phase aberrations in a solid-state laser system. The far-field light intensity signal, which is measured by a CCD, is taken as the fitness function of the genetic algorithm. In this paper, the performance and the efficiency of this wavefront sensor-less adaptive optical system are presented. Both simulative results and experimental results are given and discussed.