转动传能中干涉相位角的时间特性

不同碰撞系统在碰撞过程中转动传能的量子干涉角度并不相同.而对干涉角的计算需采取最符合系统的相互作用势.从含时微扰的一级波恩近似出发,利用各向异性相互作用势,进一步研究了CO单三混合态在和He做碰撞伴时其跃迁振幅和干涉相位角的时间特性,计算显示跃迁振幅随时间显现衰减的震荡;对于给定的碰撞参数和碰撞速度,跃迁振幅变化非常明显并与跃迁前后的状态、能级差相关.     

转动传能中干涉相位角的时间特性

不同碰撞系统在碰撞过程中转动传能的量子干涉角度并不相同。而对干涉角的计算需采取最符合系统的相互作用势。从含时微扰的一级波恩近似出发,利用各向异性相互作用势,进一步研究了CO单三混合态在和He做碰撞伴时其跃迁振幅和干涉相位角的时间特性,计算显示跃迁振幅随时间显现衰减的震荡;对于给定的碰撞参数和碰撞速度,跃迁振幅变化非常明显并与跃迁前后的状态、能级差相关。     

实验观测液滴撞击倾斜表面液膜的特殊现象

采用高速摄像仪以10000帧/s 的拍摄速度对液滴撞击倾斜表面液膜的过程进行了实验观测, 分析了液滴撞击倾斜表面液膜后的铺展、水花形成以及飞溅等现象, 考察了撞击角对液滴震荡变形过程的影响; 在此基础上, 定量讨论了液滴铺展速度随时间的变化规律, 揭示了液滴撞击速度和撞击角对前、后铺展因子及初始铺展速度的影响.观测发现, 在撞击角为28.0°–74.7°范围内, 随着撞击角的减小, 液滴在液膜表面的震荡变形程度增大; 前铺展因子随撞击速度的增大而增大, 随撞击角的减小而增大; 后铺展因子随撞击速度的增大几乎不发生变化, 但是随撞击角的增大而增大; 液滴初始铺展速度随撞击速度和撞击角的升高而增大. 关键词： 液滴撞击 倾斜液膜 铺展因子 铺展速度     

一种微细通道内甲烷/湿空气滞止流厚度确定方法

本文针对微细通道内流体的流动和燃烧提出了近壁面处存在滞止流的新观点,通过一定的理论分析证明了滞止流存在的可能性,并基于燃烧特性,采用理论方法提出了一种滞止流厚度的定义方法。基于近壁面处滞止流可能的速度特性,存在燃烧时,提出了可采用基于沿y方向扩散速度u_d和沿x方向流动速度u_f变化特性定义滞止流厚度,当u_d=1000uf时所获得流体转折高度y_c即为滞止流的厚度。     

变工况非定常叶栅绕流数值仿真

采用离散涡方法数值仿真了不同来流攻角下,固定与动边界叶栅绕流。在设计工况时流动接近定常流动。而变 工况时流动具有明显的非定常特征。特别是当攻角较大时,流场中存在着激烈分离,流动具有不稳定性。分离流动与旋涡 的分布息息相关。当来流角从20°到60°逐渐增大时,前驻点从背面经前缘点向腹面移动。固定叶栅与振动叶栅时的绕流 有明显的不同。振动叶栅绕流,流体决不是简单地随叶栅作同样的振动。     

回转体流噪声──边界层转捩区的声辐射

基于Liepmann涡声理论,通过引入Lauchle的随机指示器函数,对考虑了声波沿回转体头部曲面传播的声绕射损失的回转体边界层转捩区辐射到头部驻点处的声功率谱进行了分析和估算。结果表明：转捩区的声辐射为单极子声辐射;转捩区的辐射声功率谱的谱峰将随着转捩区长度的减小而向高频迁移;同时,来流速度对其声辐射也有较大的影响．用此方法所得的理论值与实测值之间的一致性较好。     

有分离流的亚声速圆锥扩压器内紊流可压缩粘性流的数值计算

本文应用涡量-流函数作为主要变量对圆锥扩压器内分离流动进行了数值解。计算是针对扩张角为23°(长561mm,进口半径 267mm)的有分离流的圆锥扩压器进行的,紊流粘性系数的计算是采用 Harlow-Nakayama 的k-ε双方程模型,计算中采用的进口不均匀速度分布取自文献[1],出口边界条件基本是根据其实测速度确定的,这个计算明显地示出了无分离区和分离区,与实验结果相比,吻合程度较好。这就说明应用本文提出的数值求解方法,当给定正确的边界条件时,通过计算可以获得比较正确的内部流场分布,包括无分离区和分离区。     

二维直通道内气固两相流动的实验研究

本文利用频闪激光片光源摄像和图象处理技术，对二维直通道内气固两相流动进行了实验研究，定量测定了固体粒子的运动参数、运动速度、方向．测得了粒子的运动轨迹．并得出一些有价值的结论：在本实验范围内粒子基本上沿直线运动，并处于不断加速的状态；粒子与壁面碰撞的时间极短，反弹角小于碰撞角，反弹速率小于碰撞速率．从而获得了在不同的进口气流速度及不同的通道倾角下固体粒子与固体壁面碰撞的某些规律．得到了粒子与壁面相互作用的关系表达式．为理论计算打下了基础．     

装药方式对铜/钢爆炸焊接界面波的影响及波形成机理

为了改善爆炸焊接质量,解决高噪低效的问题,选取Cu为复板、Q235钢为基板,采用LS-DYNA软件和光滑粒子流体动力学方法分别设计了均匀布药和梯形布药方案,研究了硝铵炸药对爆炸焊接界面波的影响。均匀布药结果显示:沿着爆轰方向碰撞压力逐渐增大;炸药量越多,碰撞压力越大,界面波波形越大。梯形布药方案中,通过改变炸药起爆端和末端的高度,设计了4种方案,结果显示:梯形布药可以消除爆炸焊接界面波不均匀现象,使界面波形尺寸基本保持一致,而且节省了炸药用量;当起爆端和末端的高度分别为67.2 mm和42.0 mm时,波形效果最好。通过研究界面波的形成过程可知,SPH法模拟的界面波形成过程与复板流侵彻机理的一致性较好,证明了复板流侵彻机理解释界面波形成过程的有效性。     

转动传能中的量子干涉: 干涉角和相对速度的关系

考虑一级含时波恩近似和长程相互作用势 ,Sun提出了转动传能中的量子干涉模型 .在静态池中COA1Π～e3Σ- 和He碰撞的实验已经成功模拟 .为了从实验中直接获得碰撞速度和干涉角的关系 ,Sha提出了利用分子束和离子速度成像技术的实验 .作为理论研究干涉角和碰撞速度的关系 ,计算了不同速度下的干涉角 ,同时获得了变化的趋势 .对在分子束条件下 (通过控制碰撞速度来控制干涉角 )实验具有指导意义     

用于大型建筑物的二维小角度测量方法

为了对大型建筑物变形角度进行测量,提出一种新的二维小角度测量方法,并根据该方法研制了一种光电二维倾斜仪。采用位敏传感器对激光光斑进行测量,根据光斑的移动推导出小角度的变化值。设计中采用到固液两相的特殊液体,可通过外加磁场的方法调整液体黏度,以消除测量现场环境振动的影响。多次的角度反射放大了最终的反射角,提高了测量精度。该设计结构简单,成本低,精度高并且环境适应力强。实验测试结果分辨率可达0.1角秒,重复精度能达到1角秒以内。     

Two-dimensional Euler flows in slowly deforming domains

We consider the evolution of an incompressible two-dimensional perfect fluid as the boundary of its domain is deformed in a prescribed fashion. The flow is taken to be initially steady, and the boundary deformation is assumed to be slow compared to the fluid motion. The Eulerian flow is found to remain approximately steady throughout the evolution. At leading order, the velocity field depends instantaneously on the shape of the domain boundary, and it is determined by the steadiness and vorticity-preservation conditions. This is made explicit by reformulating the problem in terms of an area-preserving diffeomorphism g_Λ which transports the vorticity. The first-order correction to the velocity field is linear in the boundary velocity, and we show how it can be computed from the time derivative of g_Λ.The evolution of the Lagrangian position of fluid particles is also examined. Thanks to vorticity conservation, this position can be specified by an angle-like coordinate along vorticity contours. An evolution equation for this angle is derived, and the net change in angle resulting from a cyclic deformation of the domain boundary is calculated. This includes a geometric contribution which can be expressed as the integral of a certain curvature over the interior of the circuit that is traced by the parameters defining the deforming boundary.A perturbation approach using Lie series is developed for the computation of both the Eulerian flow and geometric angle for small deformations of the boundary. Explicit results are presented for the evolution of nearly axisymmetric flows in slightly deformed discs.     

Unstable combustion induced by oblique shock waves at the non-attaching condition of the oblique detonation wave

The instability of oblique shock wave (OSW) induced combustion is examined for a wedge with a flow turning angle greater than the maximum attach angle of the oblique detonation wave (ODW), where archival results rarely exist for this case in previous literatures. Numerical simulations were carried out for wedges of different length scales to account for the ratio of the chemical and fluid dynamic time scales. The results reveal three different regimes of combustion. (1) No ignition or decoupled combustion was observed if a fluid dynamic time is shorter than a chemical time behind an OSW. (2) Oscillatory combustion was observed behind an OSW if a fluid dynamic time is longer than a chemical time behind an OSW and the fluid dynamic time is shorter than the chemical time behind a normal shock wave (NSW) at the same Mach number. (3) Detached bow shock-induced combustion (or detached overdriven detonation wave) was observed if a fluid dynamic time is longer than a chemical time behind a NSW. Since no ignition or decoupled combustion occurs as a very slow reaction and the detached wave occurs as an infinitely fast reaction, the finite rate chemistry is considered to be the key for the oscillating combustion induced by an OSW over a wedge of a finite length with a flow turning angle greater than the maximum attach angle for an ODW. Since this case has not been previously reported, grid independency was tested intensively to account for the interaction between the shock and reaction waves and to determine the critical time scale where the oscillating combustion can be observed.     

Deformation and motion by gravity and magnetic field of a droplet of water-based magnetic fluid on a hydrophobic surface

Motion and deformation of a water-based magnetic fluid on a hydrophobic surface were investigated under gravity and a magnetic field. Surface energy and the resultant contact angle of the magnetic fluid depend on the surfactant concentration. The fluid viscosity is governed mainly by magnetite concentration. The front edge of the droplet moved under a weak external field. The rear edge required a higher external field for movement. The forces of gravity and the magnetic field for moving of the front edge are almost equal. However, those of the rear edge are different. The motion of magnetic fluids by an external field depends on concentrations of surfactants and magnetic particles, the external field, and experimental assembly.     

Numerical modeling of the thermal lensing effect in a grazing-incidence laser

The numerical modeling of thermal lensing effect is investigated in a grazing-incidence laser. The deformation of the bounce face is introduced into the modeling for the first time, and the Gaussian distribution of the pump light and the anisotropic heat conduction are considered. The results indicate that the proportion of the deformation on the bounce face to the thermal lensing effect is as high as 80% for small grazing-incident angle of 5°. The thermal lensing effect sensitively depends on the pump power, grazing-incident angle and the pump distribution in a grazing-incidence bounce geometry laser.     

真空光学系统窗玻璃的设计与分析

根据红外望远镜的工作状态,望远镜窗玻璃主要受到大气压力和重力的影响,由于要求得到高空间分辨率的太阳像,所以对窗玻璃的变形要求很高。用有限元法对处于工作状态下的窗玻璃进行计算,得到不同厚度和不同工作角度窗玻璃的变形数据,然后对变形数据进行比较分析。可看出对应于相同的口径,不同厚度的窗玻璃,在此工作状态下的变形有较大的不同,但在对于厚度不变而只改变观测角度即受力状态的情况下,重力对窗玻璃的影响相对是较小的,通过分析比较得到了比较适合此系统的窗玻璃的口径和厚度。     

Mechanical behavior of pathological and normal red blood cells in microvascular flow based on modified level-set method

The research of the motion and deformation of the RBCs is important to reveal the mechanism of blood diseases. A numerical method has been developed with level set formulation for elastic membrane immersed in incompressible fluid. The numerical model satisfies mass and energy conservation without the leaking problems in classical Immersed Boundary Method(IBM), at the same time, computing grid we used can be much smaller than the general literatures. The motion and deformation of a red blood cell(including pathological normal status) in microvascular flow are simulated. It is found that the Reynolds number and membrane's stiffness play an important role in the transmutation and oscillation of the elastic membrane. The normal biconcave shape of the RBC is propitious to create high deformation than other pathological shapes. With reduced viscosity of the interior fluid both the velocity of the blood and the deformability of the cell reduced. With increased viscosity of the plasma both the velocity of the blood and the deformability of the cell reduced. The tank treading of the RBC membrane is observed at low enough viscosity contrast in shear flow. The tank tread fixed inclination angle of the cell depends on the shear ratio and viscosity contrast, which can be compared with the experimental observation well.     

Fluid membranes in hydrodynamic flow fields: Formalism and an application to fluctuating quasispherical vesicles in shear flow

The dynamics of a single fluid bilayer membrane in an external hydrodynamic flow field is considered. The deterministic equation of motion for the configuration is derived taking into account both viscous dissipation in the surrounding liquid and local incompressibility of the membrane. For quasi-spherical vesicles in shear flow, thermal fluctuations can be incorporated in a Langevin-type equation of motion for the deformation amplitudes. The solution to this equation shows an overdamped oscillatory approach to a stationary tanktreading shape. Inclination angle and ellipticity of the contour are determined as a function of excess area and shear rate. Comparisons to numerical results and experiments are discussed. Received 20 August 1998     

Crystallographic nature of deformation bands shown in Zn and Mg-based long-period stacking ordered (LPSO) phase

Formation of curious deformation bands has been reported as one of the deformation mechanisms occurring in an Mg-based long-period stacking ordered (LPSO) phase. The origin of the deformation band is still unknown, and the possibility of the deformation kink band and/or the deformation twin has been discussed. To clarify this, the crystallographic nature of deformation bands formed in the LPSO phase was examined by scanning electron microscope–electron backscatter diffraction (SEM-EBSD) pattern analysis. The results were compared to those of the deformation kink bands formed in hcp-Zn and deformation twins formed in hcp-Mg polycrystals. The deformation bands in the LPSO phase was confirmed not to exhibit a fixed crystal orientation relationship with respect to the matrix, different from the case shown in the deformation twin. Instead, the deformation band in the LPSO phase showed three arbitrariness on its crystallographic nature: an ambiguous crystal rotation axis that varied on the [0 0 0 1] zone axis from band to band; an arbitral crystal rotation angle that was not fixed and showed relatively wide distributions; and a variation in crystal rotation angle depending on the position even within a deformation band boundary itself. These features were coincident with those observed in the deformation bands formed in Zn polycrystals, suggesting that the formed deformation bands in LPSO phase crystals are predominantly deformation kink bands.