Induced soap-film flow by non-uniform alternating electric field

Fluid flows generated on soap films by non-uniform alternating electric fields are studied. Two parallel metal rods subjected to an AC voltage are placed perpendicular to the soap film, which is anchored in a dielectric frame. The fluid flow is generated by electrohydrodynamic induction. At very low signal frequencies there is induced surface charge, but there is no tangential electric field at the surface, so there is no force and no flow. Fluid flow is observed increasing the frequency, when there are both surface charge and tangential electric field. The flow velocity increases with decreasing thickness of the soap film.     

Planar hall effect in ferromagnets

The planar Hall effect in a ferromagnetic conductor is considered within a simple two-liquid hydro-dynamic model. It is shown that, even in the simple case of an isotropic Fermi surface in the absence of thermal spread, the magnitude of the Hall effect is comparable to that in semiconductors because of the presence of two groups of conduction electrons with their spins parallel and perpendicular to the quantization axis, respectively. In addition to the planar Hall field, a spin flux parallel to this field arises, with the consequence that the extent of spin polarization of the conduction electrons varies along the Hall field direction (planar spin Hall effect).     

Effect of magnetic fields on out-of-plane orientations of nematic liquid crystalline polymers under simple shear flow

The effect of magnetic fields on out-of-plane orientations of liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs) under simple shear flows is numerically analyzed using the Doi–Hess equation. The evolution equation for the probability distribution function of the LCP molecules is directly solved without any approximation closure. The initial director is parallel to the vorticity direction. Two cases of the magnetic fields are considered (1) the magnetic field parallel to the flow direction, and (2) the magnetic field parallel to the velocity gradient direction. For both cases a log-rolling orientation state is detected at low shear rates. However, the director is quickly aligned along the direction of magnetic fields because of the deformation of molecules. The field affects on the scalar order parameter rather than the major orientation direction for the magnetic field parallel to the flow direction. On the other hand regarding the magnetic field along the vorticity gradient direction, the effect of the magnetic field is more remarkable on the major orientation in comparison with the effect on the scalar order parameter. Also it is be found that the order parameter is increased obviously with increasing the magnetic fields. It is an efficient way to improve the performance of LCP materials.     

Nonambipolar magnetic-fluctuation-induced particle transport and plasma flow in the MST reversed-field pinch

First direct measurements of nonambipolar magnetic fluctuation-induced charge transport in the interior of a high-temperature plasma are reported. Global resistive tearing modes drive the charge transport which is measured in the vicinity of the resonant surface for the dominant core resonant mode. Finite charge transport has two important consequences. First, it generates a potential well along with locally strong electric field and electric field shear at the resonant surface. Second, this electric field induces a spontaneous E x B driven zonal flow.     

Electrostatic Instabilities at High Frequency in a Plasma Shock Front

New electrostatic instabilities in the plasma shock front are reported. These instabilities are driven by the electro- static field which is caused by charge separation and the parameter gradients in a plasma shock front. The linear analysis to the high frequency branch of electrostatic instabilities has been carried out and the dispersion relations are obtained numerically. There are unstable disturbing waves in both the parallel and perpendicular directions of shock propagation. The real frequencies of both unstable waves are similar to the electron electrostatic wave, and the unstable growth rate in the parallel direction is much greater than the one in the perpendicular direction. The dependence of growth rates on the electric field and parameter gradients is also presented.     

非相对论下均匀斜交电磁场中正电荷的运动状况分析

文章对非相对论下均匀斜交电磁场中的正电荷+q进行了动力学矢量分析,将其运动分解为沿磁场方向的匀加速直线运动、垂直于电、磁场方向的匀速直线运动和垂直于磁场方向的匀速率圆周运动,进而推理出电荷完整的运动学方程;然后将运动学方程进行“约化”和简化,作出不同初速度下电荷在xy平面内的投影运动轨迹并加以分析,指出轨迹的若干特点及其内在的原因;举例作出电荷的空间轨迹图并指出其中蕴含的共性;对均匀正交电磁场情形下的3种特殊情况进行了讨论.此外,文末还指出本文解法的核心思想是参考系的切换.     

高度取向的半导体聚合物薄膜的溶液浸涂法生长及其电荷传输特性研究

有效地控制有机半导体分子取向和堆积特性对实现高性能电子器件具有非常重要的意义,而发展简便高效的溶液相成膜技术是实现这一目的的重要途径.本文采用改进的溶液浸涂法,成功地成长出大面积宏观取向的半导体聚合物P(NDI2OD-T2)和PTHBDTP薄膜.偏光显微镜和极化的紫外-可见光吸收谱测量显示,薄膜中聚合物分子主链骨架沿成膜时液面下移方向择优取向.原子力显微镜观察到聚合物薄膜由纳米尺度的取向有序晶畴构成,畴的取向与分子链的取向一致.采用衬底-溶液界面处表面张力和溶剂蒸发诱导的分子自组织过程来解释浸涂法生长聚合物取向薄膜的微观机理.使用取向的P(NDI2OD-T2)薄膜制备场效应晶体管,显著地提高了电子迁移率(可达4倍),并实现高达19的迁移率各向异性度.这可归因于共轭的聚合物主链骨架择优取向引起电荷传导通路的变化.     

Single-sided mobile NMR apparatus using the transverse flux of a single permanent magnet

This study presents a simple design for a mobile, single-sided nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) apparatus which uses the magnetic flux parallel to the magnetization direction of a single, disc-shaped permanent magnet polarized in radial direction. The stray magnetic field above the magnet is approximately parallel to the magnetization direction of the magnet and is utilized as the B₀ magnetic field of the apparatus. The apparatus weighs 1.8 kg, has a compact structure and can be held in one's palm. The apparatus generates a B₀ field strength of about 0.279 T at the center of apparatus surface and can acquire a clear Hahn echo signal of a pencil eraser block lying on the RF coil in one shot. Moreover, a strong static magnetic field gradient exists in the direction perpendicular to the apparatus surface. The strength of the static magnetic field gradient near the center of the apparatus surface is about 10.2 T/m; one-dimensional imaging of thin objects and liquid self-diffusion coefficient measurements can be performed therein. The available spatial resolution of the one-dimensional imaging experiments using a 5×5 mm horizontal sample area is about 200 μm. Several nondestructive inspection applications of the apparatus, including distinguishing between polyethylene grains of different densities, characterizing epoxy putties of distinct set times and evaluating the fat content percentages of milk powders, are also demonstrated. Compared with many previously published designs, the proposed design bears a simple structure and generates a B₀ magnetic field parallel to the apparatus surface, simplifying apparatus construction and simultaneously rendering the selection of the radiofrequency coil relatively flexible.     

Lattice Boltzmann Study on Seawall-Break Flows under the Influence of Breach and Buildings

In the process of storm surge, the seawater often overflows and even destroys the seawall. The buildings near the shore are usually inundated by the seawater through the breach. However, at present, there is little study focusing on the effects of buildings and breach on the seawall-break flows. In this paper, the lattice Boltzmann(LB) model with nine velocities in two dimensions(D2Q9) for the shallow water equations is adopted to simulate the seawall-break flows.The flow patterns and water depth distributions for the seawall-break flows under various densities, layouts and shapes of buildings and different breach discharges, sizes and locations are investigated. It is found that when buildings with a high enough density are perpendicular to the main flow direction, an obvious backwater phenomenon appears near buildings while this phenomenon does not occur when buildings with the same density are parallel to the main flow direction. Moreover, it is observed that the occurrence of backwater phenomenon is independent of the building shape.As to the effects of breach on the seawall-break flows, it is found that only when the breach discharge is large enough or the breach size is small enough, the effects of asymmetric distribution of buildings on the seawall-break flows become important. The breach location only changes the flow pattern in the upstream area of the first building that seawater meets, but has little impact on the global water depth distribution.     

Finite-temperature density instability at high landau level occupancy

We study here the onset of charge density wave instabilities in quantum Hall systems at finite temperature for Landau level filling nu>4. Specific emphasis is placed on the role of disorder as well as on an in-plane magnetic field. Beyond some critical value, disorder is observed to suppress the charge density wave melting temperature to zero. In addition, we find that a transition from perpendicular to parallel stripes (relative to the in-plane magnetic field) exists when the electron gas thickness exceeds approximately 60 A. The perpendicular alignment of the stripes is in agreement with the experimental finding that the easy conduction direction is perpendicular to the in-plane field.