一种精确的超声波定位系统

随着物联网等技术的不断发展,对于室内环境下目标的精确定位的需求越来越大,本文提出了一种基于超声波技术的定位方法,此方法利用了GPS三角测量定位原理,并基于此原理搭建了由四个超声波接收器和一个超声波发射器以及计算机等组成的定位系统,并在此基础上编写了程序,实现了对物体的实时定位以及位置的可视化显示,同时也构建了实验平台并以此验证了系统定位的准确度。     

利用神经网络的机器人超声波眼睛

智能机器人必须具有一种能觉察外部世界的方法。近年来,人们已相继开发了一些诸如利用光波、X射线、电磁波来识别物体的方法,然而,迄今还未有明确地选择并找到一种十分完美的机器人观察装置。 本文提出一种机器人超声波眼睛新系统。利用超声波观察至少有如下三方面的优点:第一,在光波难以观察的场合,如烟雾、黑暗或水下等能见度差的情况下,超声波便可大显身手;第二,利用超声波可检出被测物的相位信息,藉此,就能直接计算出该物体的三维结构,从而为再现被测物体的超声全息图奠定了基础;第三,与采用其它方法的机器人眼睛系统相比,超声波系统最为廉价和简单。     

声源定位实验——一个具有明确应用背景和前沿技术特点的综合性实验

研制开发了一种进行声源定位的实验装置.利用波的传播特性,可以推知物体的空间位置.文章介绍了声发射平面定位的原理,自制的实验装置和实验结果.     

基于双轴超声列阵驻波原理的固体颗粒悬浮操控实验

针对传统超声阵列悬浮技术悬浮稳定性较弱等问题,基于双轴超声列阵驻波原理,设计了平面-凹球面组合超声阵列悬浮装置.利用COMSOL Multiphysics软件进行仿真实验,利用FPGA、超声波换能器等搭建装置,实现对固体颗粒的束缚及定位移动的互动式操控,根据装置在运动过程中悬浮小球的抖动情况分析装置的稳定性.实验表明:该装置可以精确地控制粒子移动,提高了悬浮稳定性.     

带通红外比色滤波测温技术研究

提出可精确测量中低温物体温度的带通比色滤波测温理论,利用该理论,搭建了相应的实验装置。对装置所用的器件进行精确标定,并利用数值函数对测试得到的离散点数据拟合后,用面源黑体在５０℃～４００℃范围对该实验装置进行了测温实验验证,实验结果表明,该实验装置在不需知道目标发射率的情况下,能精确测量物体的真实温度,因此,验证了提出理论的正确性与所建立测温系统的可行性,对中低温物体真实温度的测量研究具有重要意义。     

S波段微波热致超声成像系统研究

微波热致超声成像技术通过向物体发射微波脉冲, 导致物体吸收电磁波温度迅速升高, 产生瞬时压力波, 从而激发产生超声波信号, 通过传感器对产生的超声波信号进行采集并成像, 最终还原了反映物体吸收电磁波能量特性的图像, 由于此方法兼具了微波成像的高对比性和超声成像的高分辨率特点, 理论上验证了热声成像技术对早期乳腺肿瘤检测的可行性. 本实验兼顾系统成像深度和分辨率, 采用S波段的微波脉冲信号源对物体进行辐射, 利用圆形扫描方式对待测物体进行检测, 同时为了更好的验证成像性能, 本实验同时使用了肿瘤仿体及实际生物组织进行成像实验. 通过实验分析, 验证了该系统对肿瘤仿体和生物组织检测的有效性, 以及系统的高分辨率和高对比度特性, 为早期乳房肿瘤检测提供了进一步的理论支撑.     

数字显微全息重建图像的景深扩展研究

显微物镜的景深问题限制数字显微全息在大纵深视场中的应用. 本文充分利用数值重建的特点, 采取低频和高频系数子图上的最大亮度梯度的局部方差作为聚焦判据, 在小波分解域内对显微全息重建图像的景深扩展问题进行了研究. 对倾斜的连续物体碳纤维进行三维重建, 分析了重建距离与直径测量误差的关系. 以超声波雾化器生成的微液滴颗粒场为例, 对离散颗粒场的重建图像进行了景深扩展. 利用基于广义洛伦兹-米散射理论的模型分别模拟1-15 μm 的非透明与透明离散颗粒的显微全息图, 分析了该方法重建的颗粒场的纵深定位误差与夫琅禾费系数的关系, 对比了非透明与透明颗粒纵深定位误差的异同点. 实验和模拟结果显示出该方法对于连续物体和离散颗粒场的显微全息重建图像的景深扩展能力, 且能由此准确重建物体信息.     

多光束数字全息的研究

提出了一种多光束数字全息技术来解决当利用菲涅耳数字全息对全息图进行再现时,物体的多个表面无法同时再现得明亮、清晰.该方法是记录时采用多光束照明同一物体的多个表面,增强CCD上接收到的物体侧表面散射光的强度.实验成功地同时再现了物体的多个表面.同时,为了减弱再现像的散斑噪声,采用双线性插值和中值滤波处理图像,获得了质量高的三维物体的再现图像.     

提高温度物性的磁致伸缩超声波位置检测器

磁致伸缩超声波检测器可用于检测直线移动物体的位置,这是通过超声波传播的时间来计量的.它具有非接触计量的优点.由于超声波传播速度随温度变     

基于磁性材料的中心力场演示实验仪

设计了演示中心力场作用下物体运动的实验装置,利用圆形磁铁产生的磁场模拟了中心力场,力心的位置和数量可以改变,利用可磁化的金属球模拟运动物体,采用高速摄像机拍摄并用视频分析软件提取物体运动轨迹和速度.基于该装置获得的单中心和双中心力场中物体的运动情况与数值计算得到的结果相吻合.     

Remote ultrasonic defectoscopy of sound radiating objects through the air

A method of obtaining ultrasonic images of objects radiating ultrasonic acoustic waves in the air is proposed. Object images are retrieved by spatially matched filtering of the amplitude-phase distribution of the ultrasonic field measured in a planar rectangular region at a distance from the radiating object under investigation. The field is measured at different frequencies in a wide band, which allows one to reduce the level of noise and artifacts in the retrieved images by processing in a wide frequency band.     

Design method of reusable reciprocal invisibility and phantom device

Reusable reciprocal invisibility and phantom device is proposed and designed based on multi-folded transformation optics and equivalent components. In comparison with the reported reciprocal invisibility cloaks, the material parameters of the device presented here are homogeneous, and the hiding of the target object does not require any "anti-object" at all, which dramatically breaks through the limitations of the "anti-object" design in previous reciprocal cloak design. Perfectly illusion effect is also found by reasonably setting the material parameters of the restored medium of the device, which can be used to confuse detection radars while hiding target objects. Last but not least, the proposed device has an open structure, which enables the target object enclosed by the device to perform material exchange and simplex transfer of information with the outside world through open channels. In other words, the proposed device has a reusable function, enabling stealth or phantom of new target objects without changing any parameters of the device.     

Particular features of acousto-optic visualization in scattering media upon detection of nonballistic light

Images of optically inhomogeneous objects immersed into a cell with a scattering liquid through which orthogonal laser and ultrasonic beams pass are obtained upon measuring the scattered light modulated at the ultrasonic frequency. The alternating current from a photodetector recording the optical radiation emerging from the cell was used as a parameter of the acousto-optic visualization. The quality of the visualization is analyzed in relation to the registration conditions and the scattering parameter magnitude, as well as the size and shape of three-dimensional and planar objects. Under the experimental conditions used, the positions of objects immersed into the scattering liquid are detected fairly precisely, with a satisfactory contrast and sharpness of images in the plane perpendicular to the laser beam axis, whereas, along this axis, the object positions are not determined. The experiment was performed under conditions of transition from a regime without scattering to a regime of multiple scattering.     

The ultrasonic probe for the investigating of internal object structure by ultrasound transmission tomography

The main component of every device used for investigating internal object structure by Ultrasound Transmission Tomography (UTT) is a special ultrasonic probe. This paper presents the structure of model multielement ring probe for examining objects using this method in divergent ray projection geometry. The probe is made up of 1024 rectangular separate piezoelectric transducers working at frequency f=1.7 MHz, placed inside a ring with diameter D=30 cm and height h=9 cm. Each element of the probe is equipped with a quarter-wave matching layer. All the transducers function as transmitters and receivers, and can be joined in groups both during transmitting and during receiving. Some examples of admittance characteristics of a single piezoelectric transducer and examples of shapes of pulses generated and received by particular transducers were presented. Important factors affecting the measurement resolution are the sizes of the active surface of the transducers.     

Noncontact transportation in water using ultrasonic traveling waves

A noncontact transport experiment in water using ultrasonic traveling waves was investigated. Acrylic, aluminum, and brass discs were used as test objects. Traveling waves were generated using two ultrasonic transducers attached at the ends of a vibrating plate. One side was used as the wave-source side and the other side was used as the wave-receiving side. Acrylic plates cemented to the sides of the vibrating plate formed a tank to hold water. Object transportation was accomplished by adding a small amount of water to the vibrating structure. The transport velocity of floating objects in water is faster than for floating transport in air because of buoyancy. The transport velocity of an object depends on water height. The minimum value of the velocity occurs when the disc thickness is equal to the water height. The transport velocity increases as the height of water increases. For very shallow depths, the largest velocity is obtained when cavitation-induced streaming occurs.     

C-mode ultrasonic imaging by an electronically scanned coaxial circular spherical receiving array

An underwater ultrasonic imaging system has been developed which can display the C-mode picture on a cathode ray tube in real time. The system contains a coaxial circular spherical array of 24 hydrophones and an analogue delay device developed for electronic scanning and focusing. The array has high directional sensitivity resulting from the additive, precision limiter and multiplicative processes. Experimental study on imaging an object located at 3 m from the array and irradiated with an ultrasonic wave of about 95 kHz has successfully been carried out in a water-filled tank.     

超声波多普勒实验仪

基于多普勒效应原理,分别测得波源的频率和发生相对运动时观测到的频率即可分析出物体相对运动的速度.实验仪以单片机为测控系统核心实现超声波多普勒效应演示实验及速度测量并提供了具体的设计方案与实验结果.同时单片机赋予了仪器以软件为核心的技术特点,具有重塑性与可扩展性.     

Ultrasonic imaging of solid surfaces using a focussed air-coupled capacitance transducer

A variety of small solid objects have been imaged in atmospheric air using a focussed, micromachined air-coupled capacitance transducer. The transducer, which was capable of generating and receiving ultrasound in air over a large frequency bandwidth (< 100 kHz 1.5 MHz) was employed in a pulse-echo arrangement such that generated waves reflected off the surface of the object before returning to the same transducer for detection. By raster scanning the transducer in a plane and recording the detected ultrasonic echo amplitude as a function of transducer position, images of object surfaces were obtained. As the transducer had been fitted with a micromachined Fresnel zone-plate, the ultrasonic waves could be focussed to a spot-size of 680 μm so as to provide images of high lateral resolution. One of the key factors in making the Fresnel zone-plate function effectively in these imaging applications involved the inclusion of a second aperture in front of the zone-plate. This additional aperture blocked the zone-plate's side-lobes and reduced the appearance of multiple (diffracted) images.     

Sound absorption coefficient measurements by phase-conjugate ultrasonic waves

Measurements of the sound absorption coefficient in test objects containing solid microparticles randomly distributed over the object volumes are carried out. Two methods are used for this purpose: the standard echo-pulse insert-substitution method and a modified method using phase conjugation of ultrasound. The test objects are made from gelatin, and the size of the particles introduced in it is chosen to allow measurements in both the long- and medium-wavelength scattering modes of the probing beam. It is shown that, in the first scattering mode, in which the presence of particles causes additional viscous and temperature losses, the two aforementioned methods give identical results. In the second scattering mode, in which the dominant mechanism of additional loss is elastic scattering, the use of phase conjugation allows an almost complete reconstruction of the scattered field and, hence, a more reliable upper estimate for the coefficient of ultrasonic absorption in the test objects.     

位相物体激光全息二次曝光法无损检测

为借助激光全息进行无损检测，获得位相物体的信息，对位相物体激光全息二次曝光法无损检测进行了研究，指出一般的二次曝光法测位相物体典型光路的缺点，提出了物光波2次通过样品的改进方案。利用此方案对一些位相物体(如普通玻璃和有机玻璃)作了无损检测实验，得到了较满意的实验结果。与普通检测方法相比，该方法具有精度高、结果直接可靠、不损伤物体等诸多优点。对改进方案稍作改动，即可用于塑料制品和玻璃制品生产线对加工产品进行在线产品质量监控。