羰基镍紫外光谱图测定

羰基镍Ｎｉ（ＣＯ）４系剧毒化合物，为研制羰基镍报警仪的需要，应用分光光度计测得了羰基镍蒸气的紫外光谱图，找到了羰基镍最大吸收峰位置在２０５ｎｍ处。     

被羰基镍污染的CO气体在Cu(111)表面的近常压吸附研究

本文利用近常压X射线光电子能谱和近常压扫描隧道显微镜研究了在超高真空(UHV)和近常压条件下,被羰基镍污染的CO气体在Cu(111)表面的吸附过程. 通过控制被污染CO的气体压力,可以在Cu(111)表面上形成Ni-Cu双金属催化剂. 此外,本文探索了CO在所形成的Ni-Cu双金属表面上的吸附和解离过程,并报道了几种CO的高压吸附相结构.     

被羰基镍污染的CO气体在Cu(111)表面的近常压吸附研究（英文）

本文利用近常压X射线光电子能谱和近常压扫描隧道显微镜研究了在超高真空(UHV)和近常压条件下,被羰基镍污染的CO气体在Cu(111)表面的吸附过程.通过控制被污染CO的气体压力,可以在Cu(111)表面上形成Ni-Cu双金属催化剂.此外,本文探索了CO在所形成的Ni-Cu双金属表面上的吸附和解离过程,并报道了几种CO的高压吸附相结构.     

轻质磁性材料的制备及在磁流变液中的应用

研究了使用化学镀的方法在轻质载体上包覆具有磁性的镍、钴等物质。该材料具有密度低的优点（有效密度为2-3g/cm^3）。对比于几种羰基镍粉制备的磁流变液的沉降稳定性,使用该轻质磁性材料制备的磁流变液不用加防沉剂,其稳定性类似于加入较多防沉剂的羟基镍粉磁流变液。其在磁场下表观粘度比零磁场下的粘度有几十倍的变化。因此,使用该轻质磁性材料有望解决磁流变液普遍存在的沉降问题,得到综合性能良好的产品。     

化学发光分析法应用新进展

评述了化学发光法在无机分析，有机分析，生物活性氧研究，免疫分析，核酸杂交分析和微全分析中的最新应用，引用文献44篇。     

在XRF多变元体系因素分析中应用交互有效法选择体系的…

本文报告了在Ｘ－射线荧光分析多元体系因素分析中，应用交互有效法选择体系主组份的研究。本方法地基本参数法的基础上，运用交互有效法，通过最小预报残差平方和（ＰＲＥＳＳ）的计算，对体系进行了主组份分析，确定了该体系中的最佳维数和主要影响因素。选择体系中的主组份进行回归分析，剔去了噪声，模型稳定性增强，ＸＲＦＡ的预报能力和分析结果准确度有了显著的提高。文中给出了分析地质样品中十三个主，次量元素的实验结果和     

扫描镜动态面形变化和模态分析

为了分析某热像仪帧扫描镜在工作状态下的面形变化和产生2000Hz共振的原因，并提供改进设计依据,根据帧扫描镜运动曲线计算了帧扫描镜的扫描角速度和角加速度，用有限元分析软件I DEAS计算了扫描镜在扫描、加速、减速过程中面型的变化和前10阶固有模态，分析了扫描镜在试验中产生2000Hz共振的原因，并对扫描镜结构进行了改进，重新计算了面型变化和前10阶模态，试验证明消除了共振现象。最后提出了扫描镜设计时应注意动态下的面型变化是否满足要求，以及固有模态要避开驱动力矩中的干扰频率等要点。     

光机系统分析方法

为了使光学仪器能在恶劣的环境下正常工作，需要对其进行详尽的工程分析。对光机系统的分析方法，包括传统分析方法、集成分析方法和统一分析方法进行了研究，说明了它们的工作原理及实现的具体步骤，分别列举了它们的优缺点。进一步指出在集成分析中热弹性分析需要解决的问题及Zernike多项式拟合中需要注意的问题，归纳了使用统一分析方法时需要特别注意的问题。在比较了3种方法优缺点的基础上，对光机分析方法进行了展望，得出集成分析方法在很长一段时间内将是光机系统分析的主要方法的结论。     

“金属物理性能分析”实验中的误差来源及消除途径

任何科学的、正确的结论都必须以足够准确、可靠的数据作基础．因此分析实验误差，了解消除误差的途径，力求提高实验数据的可靠性是极为重要的．本文通过对位同物理性能分析”中几个实验的误差来源进行分析，初步探讨了消除这些误差的途径．一、选择正确的实验方法在研究奥氏体’“等温分解的动力学问题时，可以用磁性分析法，也可以用膨胀法．选择的主要根据就是实验误差应足够小．一般我们常用磁性分析法，因为奥氏体具有顺磁性，而其分解产物不论是珠光体，还是贝氏体都是强铁磁性组织．因此当过冷奥氏体分解时，必然伴随着强烈的磁性变…     

分压器电路的性质综述

如图1所示电路，滑动变阻器R与负载RL(纯电阻)构成分压器，RL两端的电压(分压器的输出电压)Ux与变阻器并联在支路中的电阻Rx有关，调节R的大小，Ux随之变化，即若Rx增大，则R并增大，Ux增大．     

The characterization of nanostructured CVD Ni powders using transmission electron microscopy

Studies of Ni powders using a state-of-the-art transmission electron microscope with a field-emission electron source show that this instrument can be an invaluable tool for studying the morphology and character of nanostructured Ni powder manufactured by a commercial nickel carbonyl vapor deposition process. This study has revealed the presence of surface coatings, including NiO and turbostratic graphite on some powders, which can degrade the electrical conductivity of the powder. Due to the high curvature of hexagonal carbon (graphene) planes, and subsequent high density of defects, the turbostratic graphitic nanocarbon may exhibit new properties.     

SERS spectra of pyridine adsorbed on nickel film prepared by magnetron sputtering

As a repeating well and cheaper enhancement substrate, the nickel film was fabricated with magnetron sputtering coating instrument. Surface enhanced Raman spectra (SERS) of pyridine adsorbed on this nickel film are compared with the experimental values of gaseous pyridine, the theoretical value of pyridine solution listed in other literatures and our method is better than electro-chemical etching electrode method for large scale preparation. The enhancement factor of the nickel film is calculated and the result indicates that magnetron sputtering coating technology is feasible for obtaining good SERS active surface.     

镍基金属有机骨架催化制藻基生物航油

本文研制了镍基金属有机骨架催化剂,考察了其催化微藻生物质及其水热提取油脂进行脱氧断键制航油性能。当金属有机骨架负载镍金属后,碳氧钴元素含量降低而镍元素含量提升到22.25%。由于金属骨架中钴的电子部分转移给成功担载的镍金属,故催化微藻亚临界水热提取油脂制航油的转化率和选择性分别达到90.51%和37.83%,显著高于微藻生物质直接催化转化效果。以微藻油脂的典型成分十六烷酸为例,量子化学计算揭示了其脱氧断键的竞争反应机理:Ni-H加成到羰基碳原子使得羰基碳与α位碳的键长由0.08007 nm拉长为0.08132 nm,有助于十六烷酸脱羧;同时Ni-H加成到羰基碳原子上的反应焓变为-40.8 kJ/mol,低于Ni-H加成到羰基氧原子上的158.8 kJ/mol,故脱羧反应更倾向于沿Ni-H加成到羰基碳原子的路径进行。     

Nickel carbonyl adsorption on the Ni(111) surface

Overlayers formed by the adsorption of Ni(CO)₄ in CO on the Ni(111) surface at 100 K were characterized using high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy and thermal desorption spectroscopy. At temperatures below 135 K, molecular nickel carbonyl adsorbs on the CO saturated Ni(111) surface as suggested by several observations. Vibrational transitions characteristic of molecular Ni(CO)₄ are dominant. The energy dependence of both the elastic and inelastic electron scattering cross sections are dramatically altered by Ni(CO)₄ adsorption. All of the mass spectrometer ionization fragments typical of molecular Ni(CO)₄ are observed in the narrow thermal desorption peak at 150 K. The inelastic scattering cross sections for both adsorbed nickel carbonyl and adsorbed CO on the Ni(111) surface suggest that a nonresonant dipole scattering mechanism is dominant.     

Surface studies of 2,4-pentanedione on γ-Al2O3/NiAl (1 0 0) and NiAl (1 0 0)

The chemical compound 2,4-pentanedione (Hacac) has been shown to etch the oxidized metal surfaces metals such as copper and nickel, but not their unoxidized surfaces. Here it is shown that on the γ-Al₂O₃/NiAl (1 0 0) surface (oxidized NiAl (1 0 0)) etching of aluminum occurs at 170 K and 750 K. Reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) is used to show that Hacac binds to both the clean, metallic and oxidized surfaces, but decomposition and combustion products dominate on the metallic surface and no etching occurs. The binding process that involves a deprotonation reaction of the enol species was identified by redshift in the carbonyl peaks and the appearance of an Al-H peak observed in the IR spectrum. The implication of these results is that there is both an unusual low temperature and high temperature etching of the alumina by bound acac.     

Deposition of nickel from Ni(CO)4 on palladium and iron surfaces studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

The interaction of nickel carbonyl, Ni(CO)₄, with evaporated palladium and iron surfaces has been studied at 90 and 290 K by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The carbonyl is weakly adsorbed in molecular form at 90 K on the metals giving a $\text{Ni 2p}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>3</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}$ peak at 854.6 eV, a C 1s at 287.2 eV and an O 1s at 533.8 eV. Some fraction of the carbonyl decomposes even at 90 K on iron to give deposited nickel atoms. In the interaction with palladium at 290 K, deposited nickel atoms $\text{(Ni 2p}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>3</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}\text{= 852.9 eV)}$ and chemisorbed CO are observed. A satellite feature of the $\text{Ni 2p}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>3</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}$ peak varies depending on the quantity of the deposited nickel atoms; the main peak-satellite separation increases with increase in the quantity. The same variation is observed for evaporated nickel-palladium alloys. This can be ascribed to the difference in the electronic states of the nickel atoms. The difference is reflected in the reactivity of the atoms with O₂. With iron the deposited nickel atoms show an increase in binding energy of 0.4 eV in the $\text{Ni 2p}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>3</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}$ Peak and no satellite when the number of nickel atoms is small. The oxidation of the surface is also studied.     

Laws governing the combustion of the Ni + Al system under a low ambient gas pressure

The ambient pressure dependences of the combustion rate and combustion-induced elongation for an initial Ni + Al mixture and Ni + Al mixtures subjected to vacuum heat treatment (VHT), mechanical activation, and additional activation in water (dispersion) have been studied. Most of the studies have been conducted for mixtures based on PNK-brand nickel (carbonyl); a separate set of experiments has been conducted for PNE-brand nickel (electrolytic). These powder brands contain different amounts of impurity gases and have different particle sizes. It has been shown that VHT, the ambient gas pressure, and the type of the used nickel have a substantial effect on the combustion rate of these mixtures. For the mixtures based on PNK nickel, the increase in the combustion rate after VHT is more significant than that after mechanical activation despite a more thorough mixing of the precursors and changes in the mixture microstructure. The qualitative change in the behavior of the dependence of the combustion rate of the dispersed mixtures on the external gas pressure has been interpreted in terms of a convective–conductive combustion model. The studies have made it possible to prove the previously made conclusion about the gasless combustion of Ni + Al mixtures (PNK nickel) under high ambient gas pressures.     

A high resolution ESCA instrument with X-ray monochromator for gases and solids

A new ESCA instrument with a fine-focussing X-ray monochromator, a high power electron gun, a rotating anode and a computerized multi-detector system is described. The instrument is suitable for the study of both solids and gases. The improved performance of the instrument is illustrated by a number of new spectra. Thus, spectra of gold, neon, methane, air, trifluoroacetate, thiophene and carbonyl sulphide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen, benzene and trithiapentalene are reported.     

A high resolution ESCA instrument with X-ray monochromator for gases and solids

A new ESCA instrument with a fine-focussing X-ray monochromator, a high power electron gun, a rotating anode and a computerized multi-detector system is described. The instrument is suitable for the study of both solids and gases. The improved performance of the instrument is illustrated by a number of new spectra. Thus, spectra of gold, neon, methane, air, trifluoroacetate, thiophene and carbonyl sulphide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen, benzene and trithiapentalene are reported.