飞秒激光脉冲作用下光学玻璃的色心和折射率变化

实验研究了近红外飞秒激光脉冲诱导重钡火石玻璃产生的色心、紫外透明和折射率变化,测量了样品在激光辐照前后的吸收光谱和折射率的变化.实验发现色心的产生伴随着折射率的改变,但色心漂白后,折射率的改变依然存在,表明色心与折射率改变的热稳定性不一致,意味着飞秒激光脉冲诱导玻璃折射率变化的机理与色心产生的机理不同.实验还观察到色心区域在紫外产生透明;色心漂白后,紫外透明消失的现象,并阐述了可能的机理和应用.     

具有几个光振荡周期的飞秒激光脉冲

从麦克斯韦方程组出发 ,推导出了具有几个光振荡周期的飞秒激光脉冲在非线性光纤中传输的方程和非线性光纤的折射率。给出了描述具有几个光振荡周期的飞秒激光脉冲在非线性光纤中传输方程的解。研究了在非线性光纤中自相位调制导致具有几个光振荡周期的飞秒激光脉冲频谱展宽 (脉宽压缩 )的详细物理过程。研究了非线性光纤中飞秒光孤子产生的条件     

飞秒激光诱导材料内部三维光功能微结构新进展

飞秒激光是近年来获得迅速发展的一种超快激光．超短脉冲和超高电场强度是它的两个特征．飞秒激光已广泛用于物理化学反应的动力学过程分析和热效应可忽略的超精细加工．利用飞秒激光与材料的非线性相互作用，还可以实现透明材料内部有空间选择性的三维调控光功能微结构．文章重点介绍了在可擦重写三维超高密度光存储、立体彩色内雕、可集成超快光开关等方面的应用和国内外相关领域的最新进展，并展望了应用前景。     

单次飞秒激光脉冲在玻璃内部产生多次微爆的研究

在入射能量不同的情况下，用近红外飞秒激光脉冲在重钡火石玻璃（ZBaF15）内部产生了色心和微爆，在熔融石英的内部产生了多次微爆现象.实验表明：入射能量较高时，色心的中间会产生微爆；在松聚焦条件下，一个飞秒激光脉冲在透明介质内会激发多次微爆.基于飞秒激光脉冲在透明介质内的自聚焦效应和自由电子等离子体的自散焦效应，理论分析了多次微爆产生的原因；也讨论了飞秒激光脉冲诱导玻璃折射率改变的机理.     

超快激光的光电应用

超快激光一般是指脉冲宽度短于10ps的脉冲激光,主要指短皮秒和飞秒(10-15s)激光。这个时间尺度短于激发态电子向晶格弛豫能量的所需时长,使光与物质相互作用呈现了与通常光激发显著不同的特性,也促成了其崭新的光电应用。围绕飞秒激光与物质相互作用快(作用时间短)、强(瞬态功率高)、精(非线性使作用区体积小,用作加工分辨率高)的特点,开展了系列研究,包括飞秒激光超快光谱用于光/电-电/光转换动力学探索,激光诱导气体成丝用于近程遥感探测,及飞秒激光微纳加工用于新原理、新材料微纳集成器件的制备。介绍了相关研究的进展。     

用Z-scan法研究非线性介质中的热效应

从热传导方程出发,研究了脉冲激光作用下因样品线性和非线性吸收引起热效应而产生的折射率变化.从理论分析得出,当仅存在线性吸收时,非线性折射率的概念在通常情况下并不适合于由热效应产生的非线性,但在所用的激光脉冲很短的情况下,类似于其它非线性的各种效应,对热效应也可定义时间平均非线性折射率,并可用Z-scan法对这两类吸收感生的不同非线性折射率进行测量.所得结论符合实验结果.     

飞秒激光诱导金属钨表面周期性自组织结构的研究EI北大核心CSCD

飞秒激光诱导金属表面周期性自组织微纳米条纹结构,在调控热辐射源、摩擦、超亲水性、超疏水性和打标等方面具有广泛的应用前景.研究了800nm飞秒激光诱导金属钨表面周期性自组织结构的形成规律和形成机理.采用Sipe干涉模型和有限时域差分法,仿真了第1个飞秒激光脉冲刻蚀后随机粗糙表面引起的激光电磁场能量表面分布和第20个脉冲后低空间频率条纹结构引起的激光电磁场能量表面分布.揭示了低空间频率条纹与高空间频率条纹的形成机理,考察了表面微观形貌的演化和条纹周期随着脉冲增多而递减的现象.     

飞秒激光诱导金属钨表面周期性自组织结构的研究

飞秒激光诱导金属表面周期性自组织微纳米条纹结构,在调控热辐射源、摩擦、超亲水性、超疏水性和打标等方面具有广泛的应用前景.研究了800nm飞秒激光诱导金属钨表面周期性自组织结构的形成规律和形成机理.采用Sipe干涉模型和有限时域差分法,仿真了第1个飞秒激光脉冲刻蚀后随机粗糙表面引起的激光电磁场能量表面分布和第20个脉冲后低空间频率条纹结构引起的激光电磁场能量表面分布.揭示了低空间频率条纹与高空间频率条纹的形成机理,考察了表面微观形貌的演化和条纹周期随着脉冲增多而递减的现象.     

飞秒激光激发下本征GaP非线性吸收及Kerr效应的实验研究

采用掺镱光子晶体光纤飞秒激光放大器为抽运源,搭建了偏振分辨的Z-scan实验系统.实验研究了块状本征磷化镓(GaP)晶体的非线性吸收和非线性折射率系数.研究证明,在中心波长1 μm飞秒激光的作用下,本征GaP晶体的非线性吸收主要为三光子吸收.而且还表明本征GaP的非线性吸收和非线性折射率系数具有很强的各项异性、偏振相关性及饱和特性. 关键词： 磷化镓 Z-scan Kerr效应 三光子吸收     

飞秒激光诱导微结构中飞秒时间分辨等离子体的时空动力学过程(特邀)

利用飞秒时间分辨泵浦探测阴影成像技术研究了不同数值孔径显微物镜聚焦的单脉冲飞秒激光诱导熔融石英微结构中等离子体的瞬态时间-空间演化特性及瞬态电子密度空间分布与激光诱导微结构的联系。实验结果表明显微物镜聚焦的飞秒激光在样品中诱导瞬态峰值电子密度随延时的增加先增大后逐渐减小。当显微物镜的数值孔径为0.45时,飞秒激光在样品中诱导瞬态峰值电子密度的空间位置随延时的增加变化不大,基本都在非线性焦点处,激光在样品中诱导的微结构是点状的;当显微物镜的数值孔径为0.3时,飞秒激光在样品中诱导瞬态峰值电子密度的空间位置随延时的增加逐渐向样品内部移动,激光诱导的微结构是长条状的。此外,不同数值孔径显微物镜聚焦飞秒激光在样品中诱导最大瞬态电子密度的空间位置与激光诱导微结构的位置一致,这说明飞秒时间分辨泵浦探测阴影成像可用于超快激光微加工过程的在线检测,可为超快激光诱导材料微结构的定向调控及加工参数优化提供参考。     

Photorefraction in LiNbO<Subscript>3</Subscript>:Fe crystals with femtosecond pulses at 532 nm

Photorefractive index gratings are written into iron-doped lithium niobate crystals using femtosecond laser pulses and cw light, both having a wavelength of 532 nm. The saturation value of the refractive index changes in as-grown samples is found to decrease with increasing peak pulse intensity. Furthermore, in oxidized crystals, writing with femtosecond pulses is much faster than with cw light and retains about the same writing speed than in as-grown crystals. We propose a charge transport model that addresses the special case of recording with high intensity femtosecond pulses.     

Fabrication of magneto-optical microstructure by femtosecond laser pulses

We investigate femtosecond laser direct writing (FLDW) in the fabrication of magneto-optical (MO) microstructures. The experimental results show that FDLW can introduce positive refractive index change in the MO materials. With the increase of the writing intensity of femtosecond laser pulses, refractive index change increases, whereas Verdet constant of the damaged area decreases nonlinearly. With suitable writing intensity, we obtain a single-mode waveguide in which Verdet constant is 80% of the bulk MO glass.     

Low temperature enhancement of alignment-induced spectral broadening of femtosecond laser pulses

The propagation of femtosecond laser pulses in N2-filled hollow fibers is studied both theoretically and experimentally. The laser pulse aligns the N2 molecules and changes the refractive index, which meanwhile modulates the spectrum of the pulse in turn. The dependence of the spectral modulation on the gas temperature is investigated. We find that both spectral broadening and frequency red-shift are enhanced at low temperature. The degree of enhancement is found to be dependent on the pulse duration. Based on our findings, we propose a method for femtosecond pulse spectral broadening and few-cycle pulse generation via the molecular alignment.     

Estimation of the Refractive Index Change in Glass Induced by Femtosecond Laser Pulses

It is known that local refractive index change occurs when femtosecond laser pulses with extremely high peak power are launched into glass. We focused 130-femtosecond laser pulses of 800 nm into the bulk of glass and examined the shape of the induced refractive index change. We found that the length of the spot of the refractive index change along the optical axis reached about 30 μm despite the diameter being about 2 μm. To estimate the distribution of induced refractive index change, we fabricated Bragg grating by scanning the focused spot and calculated the amount of the change by applying Kogelnik’s coupled mode theory to the measured diffraction efficiencies of the higher order diffracted beams.     

Bragg gratings photoinduced in ZBLAN fibers by femtosecond pulses at 800 nm

Fiber Bragg gratings were written in thulium-doped and undoped single-mode ZBLAN fibers by focusing femtosecond laser pulses on the fiber core through a phase mask. Maximum index modulation of the order of 1 x 10(-3) was induced in both types of fibers. Measurements of the transverse refractive index changes across the core and cladding regions indicate that the grating formation originates from a negative index change.     

Fabrication of Long-Period Fibre Gratings Using 800 nm Femtosecond Laser Pulses

Long-period fibre gratings inside standard single-mode optical communication fibres are successfully fabricated with infrared femtosecond laser pulses. The refractive index perturbations are well confined within the fibre core by choosing the proper laser focusing parameters and translation speed of the fibre during the direct laser writing process. With the self-focusing effect considered and at a constant average irradiation dose of 1.62 × 10^3 J/（cm^2μm）, the threshold intensity for fabricating long-period gratings with infrared femtosecond laser pulses is determined to be 5.13 × 10^13 W/cm2.     

Flexible gratings fabricated in polymeric plate using femtosecond laser irradiation

Flexible gratings embedded in poly-dimethlysiloxane (PDMS) were fabricated using femtosecond laser pulses. Photo-induced gratings in a flexible PDMS plate were directly written by a high-intensity femtosecond (130 fs) Ti: Sapphire laser (λ_p=800 nm). Refractive index modifications with 4 μm diameters were photo-induced after irradiation of the femtosecond pulses with peak intensities of more than 1×10¹¹ W/cm². The graded refractive index profile was fabricated to be symmetric around the center of the focal point. The diffraction efficiency of the grating samples is measured by an He-Ne laser. The maximum value of refractive index change (Δn) in the laser-modified regions was estimated to be approximately 3.17×10⁻³.     

Spatially resolved measurement of femtosecond laser induced refractive index changes in transparent materials

We present a practical method to determine femtosecond laser induced refractive index changes in transparent materials. Based on an iterative Fourier transform algorithm, this technique spatially resolves the refractive index of complex structures by combining the dimensions of the modified region with the corresponding phase change extracted from far-field intensity measurements. This approach is used to characterize optical waveguides written by a femtosecond laser in borosilicate glass.     

Waveguides in lithium niobate fabricated by focused ultrashort laser pulses

We report on investigations of the bulk microstructuring of lithium niobate crystals with intense femtosecond laser pulses. In different crystal cuts, optical waveguides were produced whose properties depend strongly on the processing parameters. To explore the origin of the refractive index changes, we subjected the crystals to different conditions (like temperature, illumination, etc.) while monitoring the waveguide output. This way several mechanisms for the change in refractive index could be singled out. These include the photorefractive effect, inhomogeneous ion concentrations and stress in the crystalline lattice. As an application, we demonstrate frequency doubling of 1064 nm laser radiation in a microstructured phase-matched waveguide.