无限长密绕螺线管的磁场

在普通物理教材中讲到无限长密绕螺线管的磁场时,多采用安培环路定理,首先认为管外场为0,而后得出管内场均匀且为μ0nI(n为单位长匝数).但对管外场为什么为0多缺乏分析,大学物理83年第一期所载赵凯华同志的文章认为:类似于螺绕环,可利用安培环路定理证明无限长螺线管外部场B=0,但具体如何证明并未给出.我认为,在讲述无限长密绕螺线管的磁场时,可采用下述方案. 一、根据一般教材的安排,无限长螺线管轴线上的磁场B=μ0nI的结论,已由毕奥-沙伐尔定律及迭加原理的运用而得到. 二、说明管内外的场分别为均匀场,这是由于: 1.根据对称性的分析,管…     

疏松型螺线管电流轴线上磁场的数值计算

应用数值模拟方法，细致地分析了疏松型螺线管电流轴线上的磁场随螺距和轴线上位置的变化关系，计算结果表明，当螺距较大时，其磁场分布与密绕螺线管电流的磁场分布相差很大，磁场沿轴线和垂直于轴线的方向都有分量，螺距越大，垂直于轴线方向的磁场分量越大；但当螺距较小或距螺线管中心较近外，磁场几乎与密切螺线管电流产生的磁场相当，可用表述密绕螺线管电流的轴线上磁场的简单公式来近似。     

也谈长直螺线管磁场的全空间解

本文证明了长直螺线管上电流密度沿螺线管圆周切线方向分量和电流密度沿螺线管轴线方向分量与θ无关。并给出了长直密绕通电螺线管磁场的全空间解。     

载流长直密绕螺线管磁场的全空间解

很多《普通物理学》教材讲到稳恒磁场时，都以长直密绕螺线管为例，为求解其磁场分布，一般都假设导线很细，将长直密绕螺线管简化为一串共轴圆电流，得到管内磁场是一均匀磁场，管外磁场为零的结论．但这样的螺线管模型不可能使电流从管的一端流到另一端，与实际情况相差较远．本文在不做这种简化假设的条件下，求得长直密绕螺线管磁场在全空间的精确解．ｌ长直密绕螺线管的磁场 设长直密绕螺线管的半径为Ｒ，单位长度上的匝数为ｎ，电流环绕轴线流动并与轴线方向成一角度ａ，如图１所示．将管上任一段的管壁展开，如图２（为清楚起见，图…     

轴线起爆式螺线管型爆磁压缩发生器理论模型

 对轴线起爆式螺线管型爆磁压缩发生器进行了理论模型研究，建立了爆炸管的一维爆轰驱动模型、螺线管内空间磁场强度分布模型、爆炸管外表面磁压力模型和发生器系统的等效电路模型等，对此类发生器的物理过程进行系统描述。在此基础上，编制了相应的零维数值模拟程序CEMG 1.0，利用该程序分别对四种不同模型参数的发生器进行了理论计算和参数优化，并对其中一模型发生器爆炸管外表面的磁压力及其引起的剩余电感进行了计算，给出了剩余电感与初始输入条件及负载电感的关系，从而得到该模型的输出性能极限。对理论模型的正确性进行了实例验算证明。     

直接计算载流密绕直螺线管任一点的磁场

本刊在84年11期上刊登了“论证安培环路定律的两点补充”一文.该支引用了参考文献[1]中的结果,即载流密绕宜螺线管内的磁感应强度为　0nI,管外为零,从而得出包围国电流时安培环路定律　B·dl=u0∑I亦正确.但[1]用毕奥-萨伐尔定律只计算直螺线管轴线上的磁场,管内任一点和管外的磁场则是在忽略轴向电流的近似条件下由磁感应线推理求得的.显然,利用这个结果去论证安培环路定律是欠严格的.本文介绍一个直接计算载流密绕直螺线管任一点的磁场的方法. 设螺线管的半径为a,其轴线沿z轴,单位长度的匝数为u,每匝的电流为I,源点(a、θ’、z’)处的电…     

疏松载流螺线管轴线上磁场的分布研究

疏松载流螺线管轴线上磁场实验的设计可以测量螺线管轴线不同位置上的轴向磁场和径向磁场,实验结果与数值计算结果吻合。另外,从该实验测量结果发现疏松型螺线管轴线上的轴向磁场与螺距呈近似线性关系。这些工作不仅可作为大学物理实验课的选做内容,还可以为设计基于测量磁场的位移和应力传感器提供依据。     

求任意形状截面无限长直载流螺线管磁场的一种方法

在电磁学中,无限长直载流螺线管的磁场是一个基本与核心的问题,为了得到这一系统的磁场,通常的做法是：先就圆截面情况计算,然后把截面为任意形状无限长直螺线管看成是由无数大大小小的圆截面螺线管叠加而成,由此得到螺线管内的磁场均匀而管外磁场为零的一般结论.这里给出了一种推导截面为任意形状无限长直螺线管内外磁场的直接方法.先计算螺线管表面一窄条的磁场,再算总磁场.这种方法物理图像清楚,数学过程简单,可以在教学中加以应用.     

冷却储存环CSRm中螺线管场耦合效应研究

介绍了重离子冷却储存环中螺线管场对束流水平方向和垂直方向产生耦合的原理, 由耦合运动方程及耦合系数推导出螺线管场耦合的补偿方法. 结合兰州冷却环主环实际的单元结构,工作点选在束流稳定的差共振附近, 模拟计算了冷却环主环在电子冷却段没有螺线管、有螺线管和增加补偿螺线管三种情况下的束流发射度及此三种情况下冷却环主环的动力学孔径. 通过模拟计算可知螺线管的存在将引起束流的水平方向和垂直方向严重耦合, 由于耦合效应, 垂直方向的发射度将超出其接受度, 致使束流大量损失. 针对这种情况, 提出了在螺线管两端的合适位置增加一组补偿螺线管的校正方案. 模拟结果表明这种措施行之有效.     

关于长直螺线管教学的探讨

长直载流螺线管是大学物理重要的教学内容,也是常用的电磁元件.笔者采用文献[1]为教材,设计教学方案,注重培养学生勇于探索的精神,应用科学探究的教学法,引导学生分析、探究长直螺线管管内外的磁场分布.物理内涵清晰,学生易理解,并能积极参与探究.     

Formation and structure of boron nitride conical nanotubes

Nanotubes exhibiting a novel structure - boron nitride (BN) conical nanotubes whose walls consist of conical layers with their cone axis parallel to the tube axis, as opposed to ordinary nanotubes, composed of concentric cylindrical layers with their normal perpendicular to the tube axis - were synthesized simultaneously with BN nanotubes by using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as templates. The diameters of the BN conical nanotubes are typically about 15 nm, which is similar to those of the starting CNTs. Apex angles and inner diameters of most BN conical nanotubes are about 40° and 1 nm, respectively. The lengths of the BN conical nanotubes range from 50 nm to up to several micrometers.     

内/外部励磁方式下高温超导环的俘获场特性

高温超导磁体在闭环运行时,可以提供稳定磁场,但是由于高温超导带材无法实现无阻焊接,成为高温超导磁体闭环运行的技术瓶颈.本文利用第二代高温超导带材制备闭环超导环,采用内部励磁和外部励磁对超导环进行励磁,在液氮温度中(77 K)测量超导环的中心俘获磁场.结果表明超导环在内部励磁俘获的磁场值比外部励磁俘获的磁场值高;外部励磁中,超导环中插入铁芯柱能提高俘获场;内部励磁中,超导环在螺线管闭环运行俘获的磁场值比开环运行俘获的磁场值高.结果对于高温超导闭环磁体励磁和高温超导带材磁通动力学研究具有很重要参考价值.     

分光计调节实验中的教学方法探讨

在分光计调节实验教学过程中,在"粗调"过程引入水准仪的辅助调节,在"细调"过程中利用三棱镜和"减半逐步逼近调节法",大大提高了学生调节分光计的速度,提高了实验效率。     

椭圆外导体-矩形内导体同轴线的特性阻抗

本文提出用图形逼近和取尺寸上、下限值的几何平均值的方法,计算椭圆外导体-矩形内导体同轴线特性阻抗。矩形截面内导体的内切共焦椭圆和外接共焦椭圆,通过保角变换,变成同心圆。矩形变成近于矩形的闭合曲线,二同心圆分别为它的最小值和最大值,取二者的几何平均值,与同轴椭圆截面外导体同时变成的同心圆,构成一个标准同轴线,得到了特性阻抗公式。并由此推导出椭圆外导体-微带内导体、圆形外导体-方形内导体、圆形外导体-矩形内导体及圆形外导体-微带内导体等各种同轴线的特性阻抗的初等函数表示式。给出了上述几种同轴线的特性阻抗准确数值。 关键词：     

Eccentricity effects on the quantum confinement in double quantum rings

This work presents a theoretical study of the energy spectrum of GaAs/AlGaAs concentric double quantum rings, under an applied magnetic field directed perpendicular to the ring plane. The Schrödinger equation for this system is solved in a realistic model consisting of rings with finite barrier potentials. Numerical results show that increasing the magnetic field intensity leads to oscillations in the ground state energy which, in contrast to the usual Aharonov-Bohm oscillations, do not have a well defined period, due to the coupling between inner and outer ring states. However, when one considers an elliptical geometry for the rings, the energy spectra of the inner and outer ring states are decoupled and the periodicity of the oscillations is recovered.     

Interaction between concentric tubes in DWCNTs

A detailed investigation of the Raman response of the inner tube radial breathing modes (RBMs) in double-wall carbon nanotubes is reported. It revealed that the number of observed RBMs is two to three times larger than the number of possible tubes in the studied frequency range. This unexpected increase in Raman lines is attributed to a splitting of the inner tube response. It originates from the possibility that one type of inner tubes may form in different types of outer tubes. In this case, a splitting of lines results since the inner tube RBM frequency depends on the diameter of the outer tube. Finally, a comparison of the inner tube RBMs and the RBMs of tubes in bundles gave clear evidence for a stronger interaction between tubes in a bundle as compared to the interaction between inner and outer tubes.Received: 15 September 2004, Published online: 23 December 2004PACS: 81.07.De Nanotubes - 81.05.Tp Fullerenes and related materials - 78.30.Na Fullerenes and related materials     

Prediction of the acoustic form function by neural network techniques for immersed tubes

A new approach is used to predict the acoustic form function (FF) for an infinite length cylindrical shell excited perpendicularly to its axis using the artificial neural network (ANN) techniques. The Wigner-Ville distribution is used like a comparison tool between the FF calculated by the analytical method and that predicted by the ANN techniques for a stainless steel tube. During the development of the network, several configurations are evaluated for various radius ratios ba (a: outer radius: b: inner radius of the tube). The optimal model is a network with one hidden layer. It is able to predict the FF with a mean relative error about 1.61% for the cases studied in this paper.     

Oscillatory behaviour in the energy and nonlinear optical rectification spectra of elliptic quantum rings under electric field: influence of impurity and eccentricity

We have theoretically investigated the electronic properties and nonlinear optical rectification spectra of GaAs/AlGaAs anisotropic quantum ring, modelled by an outer ellipsis and an inner circle, in connection to the presence of a donor off-centre impurity, structural distortions and in-plane electric field. The one-electron energy spectrum and wave functions are found using the adiabatic approximation and the finite element method within the effective-mass model. The energy spectrum of concentric ring reveals an anomalous oscillatory behaviour in the region of relatively small values of the electric field (< 12?kV/cm) followed by linear Stark effect at higher field values. We showed that this unusual behaviour is strongly affected by the ratio of the outer/inner ring radii, the displacement of the inner circle (eccentricity) along the x or y axis and the impurity presence. The related nonlinear optical rectification spectra present maxima whose positions mirror this oscillatory behaviour and consequently can be used as an excellent tool to distinguish the presence of an impurity or the direction of the eccentricity.     

Natural Convection in a Concentric Annulus: A Lattice Boltzmann Method Study with Boundary Condition-Enforced Immersed Boundary Method

In this paper, a boundary condition-enforced IBM is introduced into the LBM in order to satisfy the non-slip and temperature boundary conditions, and natural convections in a concentric isothermal annulus between a square outer cylinder and a circular inner cylinder are simulated. The obtained results show that the boundary condition-enforced method gives a better solution for the flow field and the complicated physics of the natural convections in the selected case is correctly captured. The calculated average Nusselt numbers agree well with the previous studies.     

Bi-layer steady state current cloak

We report that bi-layer copper and polystyrene cylinders can cloak steady current. We fabricated two hollow cylinders, the one made of copper, and the other made of polystyrene. Two hollow copper and polystyrene cylinders nested concentric bi-layer hollow copper and polystyrene cylinders. The background media are made of aluminum. Theory and experiment demonstrated that the electric potential gradients are parallel and equal outside the outer circle, the iso-potential lines are parallel outside the outer circle, and the electric potential is zero in the inner circle.