二个强飞秒延时激光脉冲对Na2+光解离的控制

本文报告Na₂⁺离子的最低四个Σ态(1²Σ_g、1²Σ_u、2²Σ_g、2²Σ_u)在二个光脉冲作用下的解离动量谱和解离率的定量计算结果。激光波长为680nm,各脉冲功率1×10¹²W/cm²,脉宽50fs,第二个脉冲的延时取0、50、100、…350fs.计算结果用三维图表出。在这些图中看到,沿相对动量坐标有单光子、双光子、三光子激发的对应的解离峰及峰值随延时的显着变化情况。各通道的解离率和总解离率列出在表中。结果表明分子解离率分支比的二脉冲延时控制有着很高的效率.     

OCS经由F 31Π里德堡态生成CO(X1Σ+)+S(1D2)产物的波长相关性光解离

本文利用时间切片离子速度成像技术在134∽140 nm波段研究了OCS分子经由F 3¹Π里德堡态的真空紫外光解离动力学. 在选取的5个分别对应OCS(F 3¹Π, v₁=0∽4)的伸缩振动激发的光解波长，实验测得了来自CO(X¹Σ⁺)+S(¹D₂)产物通道的SS(¹D₂))实验影像，并获得了总平动能谱和CO(X¹Σ⁺, v)共生产物的振动布居及角分布. 结果分析表明OCS分子解离生成CO(X¹Σ⁺)+S(¹D₂)产物的过程经历了上态F 3¹Π 与C_?v和C_s构型的下电子态间非绝热耦合过程. 实验结果显示了很强的波长相关性：OCS (F 3¹Π, v₁)的较低转动激发态(v₁=0∽2)和较高转动激发态(v₁=3, 4)的CO(X¹Σ⁺)产物的振动布居和角分布具有显著差异，表明该解离过程中具有不同的解离机理. 本结果提供了振动耦合可能对真空紫外光解离动力学产生关键作用的相关证据.     

Br2+分子离子[1+1]双光子解离动力学

本文利用最近研制的低温离子阱-离子速度成像谱仪在冷离子束中研究了同位素质量分辨的⁷⁹Br₂⁺分子离子的[1+1]双光子激光解离动力学. 借助其1⁴Σ^-_u,3/2态为中间态使⁷⁹Br₂⁺共振吸收两个光子至4∽5 eV区域的高激发态并发生解离. 利用离子速度成像技术获得了光解产物⁷⁹Br⁺的二维速度分布和平动能释放谱. 通过平动能释放谱确定了不同解离能量处量子态分辨的解离产物通道分支比. 光碎片产物的角分布表明⁷⁹Br₂⁺分子离子的双光子解离是1⁴Σ^-_u,3/2态的ΔΩ=0平行跃迁至一个Ω=3/2高解离态发生的. 由于分子激发态中的强自旋-轨道耦合作用,高激发的四重态很可能参与到实验观测的光解过程.     

Co2+:ZnAl2O4晶体电子光谱及其2E态双重谱线结构的Jahn-Teller效应研究

在中间场耦合图象中,利用Racak不可约张量算符法和Wigner－Eckart定理,建立了3d⁷(C_3v)电子组态的完全能量矩阵;利用该矩阵研究了Co²⁺:ZnAl₂O₄晶体的电子光谱,理论与观测十分吻合．首次定量地解释了2E态的双重谱线结构,并从理论上预言了⁴A₂基态2.93cm^-1的零场分裂(ZFS)．研究结果定量地表明,Jahn－Teller效应所致Co²⁺:ZnAl₂O₄晶体Co²⁺中心局域结构的畸变假设是合理的．     

Zn0.83Mn0.17Se和ZnSe/Zn0.84Mn0.16Se超晶格材料中Mn2+的压力光谱研究

 采用压力光谱技术在低温下观测到了Mn²⁺离子的⁴T₁→⁶A₁跃迁,该谱线在Zn_0.83Mn_0.17Se和ZnSe/Zn_0.84Mn_0.16Se超晶格样品中有不同的压力行为,体材料中其压力系数为-42.4 peV/Pa,超晶格中为-29.5 peV/Pa。用晶体场理论计算得到体材料Zn_0.83Mn_0.17Se中Mn²⁺离子⁴T₁→⁶A₁谱线的压力系数为-38.3 peV/Pa,与实验结果基本一致。结合材料中发光峰积分强度随压力的变化关系进行分析,证实Mn²⁺离子的发光性质主要与其近邻的晶体场环境有关。     

Sol-gel法制备Er3+-Yb3+共掺杂Al2O3粉末光致发光特性

采用异丙醇铝[Al(OC₃H₇)₃]为前驱体,溶胶-凝胶(Sol-gel)法制备Er³⁺-Yb³⁺共掺杂Al₂O₃粉末.实验结果表明:900 ℃烧结的粉末为固溶Er³⁺、Yb³⁺的γ-(Al,Er,Yb)₂O₃相和少量θ-(Al,Er,Yb)₂O₃相的混合物.Er³⁺-Yb³⁺共掺杂Al₂O₃粉末具有中心波长为1.533 μm的光致发光(PL)特性.1 mol % Er³⁺和1 mol% Yb³⁺共掺杂的Al₂O₃粉末的PL强度较1 mol % Er³⁺掺杂提高2倍,半峰宽从53 nm增加到63 nm.随泵浦功率的提高,PL强度呈线性增加后渐呈饱和趋势.     

不等质量(1/2—1/2)或(1/2-1/2)电磁束缚系统的近似B.S.波函数

本文求解了不等质量(1/2—1/2)电磁束缚系统的Bethe-Salpeter方程. 给出了这类系统的近似B.S.波函数. 利用复合粒子量子场论的微扰展开, 在精确到O(α)的量级下, 计算了Ξ⁰→(Σ⁺μ^－)+ν_μ的衰变率和分支比, 结果是wΞ⁰→(Σ⁺μ^－)+ν_μ=1.12(1/秒)R=[wΞ⁰→(Σ⁺μ^－)+ν_μ]/[wΞ⁰→(Σ⁺μ^－)+ν_μ]≥4.7×10^－7. 类似地, 还讨论了Λ→(pμ^－)+ν_μ过程.     

辅助光对NaCl(OH-)和KCl(Na+,OH-)晶体中的类F2+型色心激光输出的影响

文中报进了有关辅助光对NaCl(OH^-):(F₂⁺)_H及KCl(Na⁺,OH^-):(F₂⁺)_AH色心激光输出功率影响的主要研究结果。初步探讨了辅助光作用的物理机制。     

SU(2)×U(1)×S3模型及类K0-K0系统的混合和CP破坏效应

本文内容包括:(ⅰ)进一步给出SU(2)×U(1)×S₃模型的结果S₂≈S₃≈(m_s²)/(m_b²);sin δ≤(m_um_d)/(m_cm_s),并预言b夸克的主要衰变道是b→u+W,b夸克的寿命可能长到10^-9秒.(ⅱ)给出类K⁰-K⁰系统混合时的精确表达式ρ=错号事例数/对号事例数=(1/2)(|p/q|²+|q/p|²)([Γ²+(Δm)²]²-(γ1γ2)²)/([Γ²+(Δm)²]²+(γ1γ2)²);并给出CP破坏的精确表达式:A=(1-ρ')/(1+ρ')=(I_M12Γ₁₂^*)/(|M₁₂|²+1/4|Γ₁₂|²),这里ρ′=(负电错号事例数)/(正电错号事例数)。     

Gd2O2S:Eu荧光谱及能级的高压研究

 在21 500~11 500 cm^-1光谱区间内测量了Gd₂O₂S:Eu的荧光光谱，测量是在室温和液氮条件下进行的，对122条低温谱线和96条常温谱线进行了指认。识别了Eu³⁺离子⁵D_0~2及⁷F_0~6的39个斯塔克能级中的35个能级。在0~15 GPa压力范围内，研究了Gd₂O₂S:Eu高压下的发射光谱。在压力作用下，发现所有观测到的谱线都红移，强度降低。6个⁵D_0~2能级下降速度大于⁷F_J，⁵D₂、⁷F_2~5多重态的斯塔克劈裂变大，而⁵D₁和⁷F₁的劈裂变小。     

HD+离子在两个超短脉冲激光场作用下的解离几率分布

本文报告HD⁺离子在波长λ=306.7nm的三倍频超短脉冲弱光场E₃和不同延时的二倍频超短脉冲强光场E₂作用下解离几率分布的定量计算结果。E₃和E₂的脉冲宽度均为10fs.E₃先行,E₂延时取0、4、8、12、16、20、24、28fs.计算结果用三维图表出。图中看到,沿相对动量坐标有三个峰,分别位于动量2.1×10^-18、4.4×10^-18、5.8×10^-18g·cm/s处,依次称为1号峰、2号峰、3号峰,位置各是λ=306.7nm的单光子能量、双光子能量、三光子能量消耗于解离能之后离子碎片具有相对动量。据分析,1号峰来源于E₂场引起的受激发射作用。     

钠分子高位态(2~1Π_g)有关振转能级动力学参数的测定

用共振多光子电离光谱技术，检测钠分子Ｘ１Σ＋ｇ→２１Πｇ在１６５７４．５ｃｍ－１～１６５９０．５ｃｍ－１之间的共振电离信号激发谱，根据有关分子常数和德哈姆展开式，标识了其中三条谱线。借助于电离流时间衰减曲线，测量得出了上述三条谱线对应的振动能级的动力学参数     

Two-step femtosecond laser pulse train fabrication of nanostructured substrates for highly surface-enhanced Raman scattering

A simple and repeatable method using femtosecond laser pulse train to fabricate nanostructured substrates with silver nanoparticles over a large area for surface-enhanced Raman scattering is reported. The method involves two steps: (1)?femtosecond laser pulse train micromachining and roughening and (2)?femtosecond laser processing of the substrates in a silver nitrate solution. Surface modification is investigated experimentally by varying the time delay of the double femtosecond laser pulse train. With time delay ranging from 200 to 600?fs, the different enhancement factors were observed. This study demonstrates that a maximum enhancement factor of 6.8×10⁶, measured by 10^-6 M Rhodamine 6G solution, can be achieved at the time delay of 400?fs.     

Low temperature vibrational relaxation of OD in the A2Σ, state

The vibrational relaxation of the A ²Σ state of OD has been studied in the low translational temperature environment of an argon free-jet (T_trans near 5 K). Using laser induced fluorescence (LIF), the absolute vibrational relaxation rate coefficients were measured for OD A²Σ (ν′) to be 7.1 ± 2.6 × 10^?11, 5.9 ± 1.4 × 10^?11, and 2.7 ± 1.1 × 10^?11 cm³ s^?1 for the ν = 3, 2 and 1 states, respectively. State-to-state relaxation rate coefficients were also obtained for the ν= 1, ? = 1 level going to ν= 0, ? levels in the A²Σ manifold. The rotational relaxation rate coefficient for ν= 1, ?= 1 in the A state of OD was found to be 9.6 ± 1.0 × 10^?11cm³s^?1. These values are consistent with values measured for OH A²Σ, and the total loss rates are near the capture rate coefficient value. The vibrational relaxation rate coefficients k_ν appear to be governed by the vibrational energy of the molecule rather then by interaction with nearby dissociative states such as the a⁴Σ state. The relative Einstein A factors for the A²σ (ν = 3) state of OD were determined and compared with the available calculated value.     

Diagnostics of an O<Subscript>2</Subscript>(<Superscript>1</Superscript>Δ) generator using multichannel recording of oxygen emission spectra

The concentrations of water vapor and O₂(¹Δ), as well as the temperature in the gas flow at the exit of a singlet oxygen generator, are determined using multichannel recording of the singlet oxygen emission spectrum in the bands at 634, 703, 762, and 1268 nm. The water vapor concentration is found from the intensity ratio of the 762-nm band, which corresponds to the ¹Σ → ³Σ transition of the oxygen molecule, and the dimole emission band at 634 nm. From the ratio of the integrated intensities of the bands at 634 and 1268 nm, the O₂(¹Δ) concentration is determined and it is shown that the yield of O₂(¹Δ) at the exit from the gas generator is about 52%. The temperature of the gas flow, determined by the rotational structure of the oxygen emission spectrum in the band at 762 nm, is about 300 K under the nominal conditions of the gas generator operation. The ratio of the photon fluxes in the 703 and 634nm bands of the O₂(¹Δ) dimole emission is 1.06. The temperature dependence of the dimole emission bandwidths is determined, which can be used for estimating the gas temperature at the exit of the O₂(¹Δ) generator.     

Intensity perturbation in the B2Σ-X2Σ band system of SrF

The intensity anomaly of the B²Σ-X²Σ system of SrF was analyzed based on the interaction between the A²Π and B²Σ states. The theoretical relative intensity was calculated from overlap integrals and spectroscopic constants previously obtained. Comparison between theoretical and observed intensities showed that the electronic transition moment of the B-X system is the same order of magnitude as that of the A-X system.     

Dynamics and spectra of excited states of water-micellar suspensions of single-walled carbon nanotubes

The dynamics of the photoinduced differential absorption and excited-state bleaching spectra of single-walled carbon nanotubes suspended in a micellar solution were studied in the spectral range from 40 to 1000 nm within a time interval from 70 fs to 150 ps under excitation by 50-fs pulses with photon energies 2 and 4 eV. The bleaching and absorption bands were observed in the spectra; the positions of the bleaching peaks were independent of the photon energy of the exciting femtosecond pulse in the range 2–4 eV. It was established that, for delay times shorter than 1 ps, the shape of the differential spectrum of excited nanotubes coincided with the shape of the second derivative of the absorption spectrum of unexcited nanotubes in the frequency range of exciting pulse above 18000 cm^?1 (the range of absorption bands of metallic nanotubes). In the frequency range below 16000 cm^?1 (the range of absorption peaks of semiconducting nanotubes), the bleaching peaks in the differential spectrum of excited nanotubes undergo a high-frequency shift of 200–300 cm^?1 with respect to the second-derivative spectrum of unexcited nanotubes. The excited-state relaxation rate constants were measured. They are well approximated by the exponential dependences and depend on the probe-pulse wavelength. An assumption was made about the nature of the observed spectra of excited nanotubes and about the excitation relaxation.     

Further consideration of the estimation of spectroscopic trends by a perturbation method using Hellmann pseudopotentials

The use of new values of Hellmann pseudopotential parameters and wave functions is shown to yield much better predictions by the method previously proposed. Corrected results are presented for predictions of ionization potentials and the lowest ¹Σ-¹Σ transitions of alkali metal molecules. New predictions are made for the lowest ¹Π-¹Σ transitions of alkali metal molecules.     

Ergebnisse von Ballonmessungen an sekundären Elektronen und Photonen

A scintillation counter telescope has been flown in the upper atmosphere at2.4g/cm² from Bergen/Lüneburger Heide for the measurement of electrons and photons of the secondary cosmic radiation. The aim was to get the differential energy spectra of secondary photons in an energy range from 1 to 44 MeV and of secondary and return albedo electrons from 2 to 35 MeV for three different zenith angles (0 °, 90 ° and 180 °). The received photon spectrum is in good agreement to the results of other authors as well to lower as to higher energies. It has been shown, that the spectrum has a great anisotropy with a maximum of intensity around the horizon. The main reason therefore is the atmospheric deepness in the different directions. In this energy range we have found that the Bremsstrahlung of the return albedo electrons is the main reason for the photon flux and secondly the π⁰-decay. The measured electron spectra don't show any significant difference relative to the three zenith angles. These secondary electrons are produced isotropically in the upper atmosphere and they consist of a mixture of secondary and return albedo electrons.