激光等离子体电子温度的时间分辨诊断

本文描述在LF-11激光装置上进行的线状锗等离子体电子温度时间分辨诊断的实验。在实验中利用时间分辨X射线晶体谱仪测量了线状锗等离子体X射线的时间分辨谱,并借助碰撞辐射模型(CR模型),由类Ne锗L线特征线相对强度比确定出锗等离子体的电子温度及其时间演化过程。并与用部分局部热平衡模型(PLTE)得出的结果做了比较。     

柱状锗等离子体状态的时空分辨诊断

在四靶串接X光激光实验中,用时间分辨晶体谱仪记录了类Ne锗共振线及其类Na伴线的时间扫描特性。测出了这些谱线的辐射持续时间(FWHM)约为0.95ns。考察了锗等离子体电子温度T_e随时间的演化,观测到T_e≥400eV的维持时间大于1.2ns。用空间分辨晶体谱仪诊断得到锗等离子体电子温度T_e和电子密度n_e的轴向分布,其平均值T_e=4.9×10~2eV,n_e=1.2×10~(20)/cm~3。     

类Li氧等离子体光谱模拟

 在FAC程序包中碰撞辐射模型的基础上,模拟出了L壳层的类Li氧等离子体的X射线辐射光谱,其中包括了单、双和三离子模型。经过分析得出,除了碰撞激发以外,级联效应和其它的动力学过程(如：碰撞电离、双电子复合、辐射复合以及共振激发等)对光谱的贡献都是不能被忽略的。并分析了类Li氧等离子体各动力学过程与温度和光谱相对强度之间的关系,分析结果表明X射线光谱的强度能及时响应等离子体温度的变化。     

用于测量Z箍缩铝等离子体K层辐射的邻苯二甲酸氢铊弯晶摄谱仪

 基于邻苯二甲酸氢铊(TAP)弯晶和软X射线分幅相机建立了一套4通道的时空分辨弯晶摄谱仪,测谱范围1 500～2 300 eV,时间分辨约2 ns。分析了谱仪各环节的信号传递和转换过程对系统谱响应的影响。利用该谱仪在“强光一号”加速器(约1.5 MA, 80～100 ns)Al丝阵Z箍缩实验中获得了时间分辨及时间积分的Al等离子体K层辐射谱,记录到了类H、类He离子主要共振线及类Li、类He离子双电子复合伴线。将摄谱结果与分能区X射线图像进行了比较。时间分辨的发射谱相对强度与积分结果有明显不同,反映了等离子体在5～10 ns时间尺度上的电子温度和离子布居变化。     

用He-like离子特征谱线测量等离子体电子温度和电子密度

本文详细叙述了利用He-like离子的特征谱线诊断等离子体的电子密度和电子温度的方法,给出了共振线与双电子伴线的强度比随电子温度的变化曲线和共振线与互组合线的强度比随电子密度的变化曲线。并且根据实验测得的上述两组谱线的强度比,定出激光产生等离子体的电子温度和电子密度。     

用类Ne离子L带特征线诊断等离子体特性初步实验研究

本文描述在X光激光实验中用平晶谱仪测量类Ne锗离子L带线谱,首次借助于碰撞辐射模型,用L带特征线的强度所确定等离子体电子密度和温度。并用平晶谱仪配条纹相机测量等离子体的时间特性。     

五通道Z箍缩等离子体K壳层线谱成像

采用5个针孔配接5块对数螺线晶体单色器方案,研制了一台五通道靶室内置式X射线单色成像器,并利用该成像器在阳加速器上成功获取了铝丝阵负载Z箍缩内爆等离子体的K壳层自辐射五通道单色线谱图像。该成像器结构紧凑,安装调节简便精准,能谱分辨力高（小于1.3 eV）,能够清楚分辨Al的类氦主共振线（1 598.4 eV）和互组合线（1 588.3 eV）,以及类氢主共振线（1729 eV）及其伴线（1 727.7 eV）光谱图像。由于阳加速器驱动能力有限,这些图像均由若干的离散热斑组成,并且大都集中在柱状等离子体轴线上,说明这些热斑附近的电子温度和密度较周围要高;类氦主共振线较类氢主共振线图像强度高、热斑区域大,反映了Z箍缩等离子体温度不够高,原子被激发到类氢离子的数量远少于类氦离子。     

神光Ⅱ黑腔等离子体时间分辨的电子温度诊断

在神光Ⅱ强激光装置上,用条纹晶体谱仪对埋点于黑腔靶内壁上的双示踪Ti和Cr材料的激光等离子体高离化态离子发射的X射线谱线进行实验测量,获得超高时间分辨的X射线细致结构谱线。用碰撞辐射模型计算了非局域热动平衡的等离子体布居数,组态平均速率系数由一级微扰理论计算,电子波函数由Hartree-Fock Slater自洽场方法计算,给出了Ti和Cr激光等离子体在电子密度为1019~1022cm-3范围内的He-α线强比与电子温度的关系曲线。采用等电子X射线谱线法,获得了黑腔靶激光等离子体冕区的电子温度随激光脉冲加热从低温到高温、然后缓慢下降的演化过程,其峰值达到2.05 keV。     

极化X光谱诊断铝激光等离子体的电子密度

为了准确诊断激光等离子体的电子密度,提出了一种基于极化光谱的类氦共振线与互组合线相对强度比诊断电子密度的方法.该法考虑了激光等离子体发射的X射线存在极化的特性,用极化光谱理论对测量的类氦共振线和互组合线光谱相对强度比进行精密校正,再推导等离子体的电子密度.在2×10 J激光装置上进行了实验,使用极化PET(002)晶体...     

薄膜锗靶等离子体参量诊断的实验研究

描述了对双脉冲辐照薄膜锗靶形成的等离子体参量诊断的实验研究。使用平晶谱仪和时间分辨ｘ射线晶体谱仪诊断等离子体参量，给出了等离子体的电子密度、电子温度及其时间演变过程。实验结果表明：双脉冲打靶比单脉冲打靶电子温度有较大幅度提高。诊断结果为双脉冲驱动薄膜靶高增益Ｘ射线激光实验选择最佳的实验条件提供了实验依据。     

“碰撞-辐射”模型在Z箍缩等离子体K壳层线辐射谱分析中的应用

介绍了由K壳层谱线强度比估算等离子体状态参数的"碰撞-辐射"模型的基本原理.详细描述了自行研制的基于该模型的Z箍缩等离子体K壳层线辐射谱分析程序——ZSPEC的基本情况.给出了氖等离子体的计算结果,包括不同电离态离子的相对含量随电子温度的变化曲线和K壳层谱线强度比在"电子密度-电子温度"平面内的等高线分布图.该程序已在"阳"加速器Z箍缩实验结果分析中得到应用,将椭圆晶体谱仪测得的氖等离子体K壳层谱线强度比与ZSPEC程序计算结果相比较,得出在该发实验 关键词： 碰撞-辐射模型 K壳层线辐射谱')" href="#">K壳层线辐射谱 氖气喷气Z箍缩 阳加速器     

X-ray spectra simulation of Li-like nickel L-shell Ions

The X-ray emission spectra of nickel plasma were simulated under the collisional radiative model (CRM) by using the flexible atomic code (FAC). The dynamical processes including collisional excitation (CE), radiative recombination (RR), dielectronic recombination (DR), collisional ionization (CI) and resonance excitation were considered in the model, and the rate coefficients of DR, RR as well as CI were consistent with previous results within 15%. It was found that the contributions to spectra from cascades and indirect processes could not be ignored. The intensities of spectral lines for lithium-like nickel L-shell ions are sensitive to the electron temperature. The good agreement between present spectral peaks and earlier observed results can be taken as a measure of the accuracy of the present work.     

泵浦靶辐射X射线特性研究

为探索和研究新的X光激光泵浦机制,我们研究了泵浦靶辐射X射线特性。先后在“星光”和“神光”激光装置上开展了该项工作。主要介绍“神光”装置上的实验工作。实验所用泵浦靶材料为Na/F和Cu。实验给出了Na/F和Cu靶辐射X射线谱(波长范围分别为1.1～1.5nm,1.1～1.3nm);给出了X射线相对强度随激光功率密度及靶厚度的变化情况。并比较了靶前、后X射线相对强度。同时,实验还给出了线状泵浦源辐射X射线的空间分布。     

X-ray spectra of He-like ions of Ga and Ge,excited in the low-inductance spark plasma

The spectra of Ga XXX and Ge XXXI ions in the interval 1.2–1.4 Å excited in the low-inductance vacuum spark plasma have been obtained for the first time. The resonance line 1s²?1s2p of Ga XXX and Ge XXXI and a group of satellites, corresponding to transitions in Ga XXIX and Ge XXX can be seen distinctly in the spectra. The spectra were obtained by an electronic-optical image-intensifier tube for one discharge.     

Experimental study of X-ray generation in laser-produced plasmas based onK-shell time-resolved spectroscopy

Summary Soft-X-ray generation in aluminium plasmas produced by Nd nano-second laser pulses is investigated analysing time-resolved spectra ofK-shell line emission. Time histories of line emission and electron temperature as well as the time-integrated X-ray yield were studied as a function of laser pulse duration and target position along the laser beam propagation axis. The experimental results suggest that X-ray emission is influenced by self-focusing of laser light in the plasma. Presently at Laboratoire pour l'Utilisations des Lasers Intenses, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France.     

Orbital relaxation effects on temperature diagnostics of mid-Z plasmas

The orbital relaxation effect was studied in the calculations and diagnostics of the L-shell absorption spectra (2p→3d,4d,5d) of iron and bromine plasmas. A detailed level accounting model was developed to calculate the huge number of L-shell absorption lines of the two typical mid-Z plasmas. The orbital sets were generated by the optimizations according to the initial and final states, respectively. It was found that the L-shell line positions agree with the experimental iron and bromine spectra better when the orbital relaxations were included in calculations. Since experimental mid-Z spectra have few detailed line structures, calculations without considering orbital relaxations may misinterpret the spectra and consequently lead to underestimations of the plasma temperatures.     

The levels of144Pr from the decay of144Ce

The level scheme of¹⁴⁴Pr has been studied from the decay of¹⁴⁴Ce. The intensities and energies of gamma rays have been determined with a X-ray Ge(Li) detector. TheK-shell internal conversion coefficients for γ-rays have been measured with theK X-ray/γ-ray ratio method using NaI(Tl)—X-ray Ge(Li) coincidence techniques.