Structural transitions of SWNT filled with C_(60) under high pressure

Raman spectra of C_(60) filled single-walled carbon nanotubes(C_(60)@SWNTs) with diameters of 1.3–1.5 nm have been studied under high pressure. A plateau in the pressure dependence of the G-band frequency at around 10 GPa was observed in both experiments with 514 nm and 830 nm excitation lasers, which is similar to the high pressure behaviors of pristine SWNTs. This structural transition has been assigned to the transformation into a peanut-like structure of the nanotubes. At pressure below 2 GPa, no obvious Raman signature related to the structural transition of nanotubes was observed, unlike what has been reported for C_(70) filled nanotubes. We discussed this point in terms of the arrangement differences of C_(60) and C_(70)molecules inside the nanotubes. At higher pressure up to 15 GPa, a graphite-like pressure evolution was observed in our C_(60)@SWNTs.     

Exploring the possible interlinked structures in single‐wall carbon nanotubes under pressure by Raman spectroscopy

High‐pressure Raman measurements on single‐wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have been carried out in a diamond anvil cell by using two wavelength lasers: 830 and 514.5 nm. Irrespective of using a pressure transmitting medium (PTM) or not, we found that nanotubes undergo similar transformations under pressure. The pressure‐induced changes in Raman signals at around 2 and 5 GPa are attributed to the nanotube cross‐section transitions from circle to ellipse and then to a flattened shape, respectively. Especially with pressure increasing up to 15–17 GPa, we observed that the third transition takes place in both the Raman wavenumber and the linewidth of G‐band. We propose explanations that the interlinked configuration with sp³ bonds forms in the bundles of SWNTs under pressure, which was the cause for the occurrence of those Raman anomalies, similar to the structural‐phase transition of graphite above 14 GPa. Our TEM observations and Raman measurements on the decompressed samples support this transition picture. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

紫外激光和压力共同作用下C60-peapod的聚合相变研究

采用气相扩散方法将C₆₀分子填充到单壁碳纳米管(SWNTs)中，制备出高填充比率的豆荚形纳米材料C₆₀@SWNT，又称为peapod.用金刚石对顶砧(DAC)装置获得高压，在高压下同时利用紫外激光处理样品，通过激光和压力的共同作用研究了C₆₀分子在碳管内的聚合相变.在21.5GPa高压下，同时紫外激光(325nm)照射30min后，拉曼光谱表明C₆₀分子在碳管内发生了聚合，形成一维链状O相聚合结构，且该相变是不可逆的. 关键词： 60 peapod')" href="#">C₆₀ peapod 紫外激光 高压 拉曼光谱     

单壁碳纳米管的高压拉曼研究

采用金刚石对顶砧装置对直径分布在1.3 nm左右的单壁碳纳米管进行了高压拉曼光谱研究.实验结果表明随压力的增加碳管的截面形状发生了由圆到椭圆再到扁平的变化,这和我们之前的研究结果一致.从31 GPa卸压至常压后碳管的结构得到了较好的保持,这个压力值明显高于传统的Sp2键结构的碳材料所能稳定存在的压力范围(20 GPa以...     

High pressure Raman spectroscopy of single-walled carbon nanotubes: Effect of chemical environment on individual nanotubes and the nanotube bundle

The pressure-induced tangential mode Raman peak shifts for single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have been studied using a variety of different solvents as hydrostatic pressure-transmitting media. The variation in the nanotube response to hydrostatic pressure with different pressure transmitting media is evidence that the common solvents used are able to penetrate the interstitial spaces in the nanotube bundle. With hexane, we find the surprising result that the individual nanotubes appear unaffected by hydrostatic pressures (i.e. a flat Raman response) up to 0.7 GPa. Qualitatively similar results have been obtained with butanol. Following the approach of Amer et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 121 (2004) 2752], we speculate that this is due to the inability of SWNTs to adsorb some solvents onto their surface at lower pressures. We also find that the role of cohesive energy density in the solvent-nanotube interaction is more complex than previously thought.     

碳纳米管晶格振动模及拉曼光谱的研究进展

本文介绍了碳纳米管的结构特征和晶格振动模的理论研究 ,综述了不同方法生长的多壁碳纳米管和单壁碳纳米管拉曼光谱的研究进展。另外 ,还简单描述了单壁碳纳米管的应用前景     

Multiphonon Raman scattering from individual single-walled carbon nanotubes

Combinations of up to 6 zone-edge and zone-center optical phonons are observed in the Raman spectra of individual single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). These multiphonon Raman modes exhibit distinct signatures of the one-dimensional nature of SWNTs and provide information on the phonon structure, exciton-phonon coupling, and excitonic transitions in nanotubes.     

单层纳米碳管振动模的拉曼光谱研究

测量了单层纳米碳管的一级、二级拉曼光谱.在40—3300cm^-1范围内观测到18条一级拉曼谱线和7条二级拉曼谱线,理论所预言的谱线几乎全被观测到,谱峰位置和理论值符合得很好.通过和理论值的对照,对这些谱线作了初步标定.所观测到的单层纳米碳管的拉曼激活振动模数目及二级拉曼谱线条数都是迄今最多的. 关键词：     

Study of monazite under high pressure

Monazite was studied under high pressures of up to 20 GPa and 12 GPa by using synchrotron X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. X-ray diffraction data suggested that there was a structural distortion at ～11.5 GPa. The pressure–volume data of the monazite was fitted to a third-order Birch–Murnaghan equation of state and yielded a bulk modulus of 109(1) GPa and a pressure derivative of 6.7(1), in agreement with an empirical formula.     

High pressure study of the 2D polymeric phase of C60 by means of raman spectroscopy

Abstract

The effect of high hydrostatic pressure, up to 12GPa, on the intramolecular phonon frequencies and the material stability of the two-dimensional tetragonal Cm polymer has been studied by means of Raman spectroscopy in the spectral range of the radial intramolecular modes (200-800cm^?1). A number of new Raman modes appear in the spectrum for pressures ～ 1.4 and ～ 5.0 GPa. The pressure coefficients for the majority of the phonon modes exhibit changes to lower values at P=4.0 GPa, which may be related to a structural modification of the 2D polymer to a more isotropic phase. The peculiarities observed in the Raman spectra are reversible and the material is stable in the pressure region investigated.     

Raman spectroscopy study of REH3 under pressure

The Raman spectroscopic studies of two rare earth trihydrides: Y H₃, HoH₃, have been performed in the pressure range from ambient up to 16 GPa and 25 GPa respectively. For the first time samples of REH₃ in the form of powder have been studied by Raman spectroscopy using the Diamond Anvil Cell (DAC) technique. A rapid decrease of Raman activity has been observed for the hydrides under pressure values in the vicinity of structural phase transition. Metallization as a possible reason for the observed dramatic change of the REH₃ Raman activity has been discussed.     

Filling of single-walled carbon nanotubes by CuI nanocrystals via capillary technique

The present study is focused on the synthesis and investigation of the nanocomposite CuI@SWNT obtained by the filling of metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) (inner diameter 1–1.4 nm) by wide-gap semiconducting CuI nanocrystals using so-called capillary technique. The method is based on the impregnation of pre-opened SWNTs by molten CuI in vacuum with subsequent slow cooling to room temperature. SWNTs and CuI@SWNT nanocomposites were studied by nitrogen capillary adsorption method, EDX microanalysis, HRTEM microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The changing of electronic properties of CuI@SWNT as compare to row nanotubes was observed.     

Hydrostatic-pressure induced phase transition of phonons in single-walled nanotubes

We study the effect of the hydrostatic pressure on the phonons in single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in a magnetic field. We calculate the magnetic moments of the phonons using a functional integral technique, and find that the phonons in SWNTs undergo a pressure-induced phase transition from the paramagnetic phase to the diamagnetic phase under hydrostatic pressure 2 GPa. We explain the mechanism of generating this phase transition.     

Probing structural integrity of single walled carbon nanotubes by dynamic and static compression

We report on a first study of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) after application of dynamic (shock) compression. The experiments were conducted at 19 GPa and 36 GPa in a recovery assembly. For comparison, an experiment at a static pressure of 36 GPa was performed on the material from the same batch in a diamond anvil cell (DAC). After the high pressure treatment the samples were characterized by Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). After exposure to 19 GPa of shock compression the CNT material exhibited substantial structural damage such as CNT wall disruption, opening of the tube along its axis (“unzipping”) and tube shortening (“cutting”). Dynamic compression to 36 GPa resulted in essentially complete CNT destruction whereas at least a fraction of the nanotubes was recovered after 36 GPa of static compression though severely damaged. The results of these shock wave experiments underline the prospect of using SWCNTs as reinforcing units in material WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

In situ Raman and photoluminescence study on pressure‐induced phase transition in C60 nanotubes

Single crystalline C₆₀ nanotubes having face‐centered‐cubic structure with diameters in the nanometer range were synthesized by a solution method. In situ Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy under high pressure were employed to study the structural stabilities and transitions of the pristine C₆₀ nanotubes. A phase transition, probably because of the orientational ordering of C₆₀ molecules, from face‐centered‐cubic structure to simple cubic structure occurred at the pressure between 1.46 and 2.26 GPa. At above 20.41 GPa, the Raman spectrum became very diffuse and lost its fine structure in all wavenumber regions, and only two broad and asymmetry peaks initially centered at 1469 and 1570 cm^–1 were observed, indicating an occurrence of amorphization. This amorphous phase remained to be reversible until 31.1 GPa, and it became irreversible to the ambient pressure after the pressure cycle of 34.3 GPa was applied. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

以Y/Ni为催化剂制备的单壁碳纳米管的拉曼光谱研究

采用电弧放电法以Y/Ni为催化制备了单壁碳纳米管（SWNTs），对样品进行了扫描电镜、透射电镜和拉曼光谱的研究。所制备的样品中单壁碳纳米管的含量较高。对单壁碳纳米管的共振拉曼散射增强效应进行了观察，随激光波长的不同，单壁碳纳米管的拉曼光谱也随之变化，尤其是低频区径向呼吸模的变化比较明显。利用布里渊区折叠法计算了单壁碳纳米管的电子态密度曲线，根据SWNTs电子态密度尖峰之间的能量差、管子的直径和呼吸模频率建立了一个图表，并对SWNTs的呼吸模进行了归属。分析结果表明：样品中单壁碳纳米管的直径分布在0.79-1.76nm范围，金属管和半导体管均存在，并且直径在1.45nm附近的碳管居多。     

Quality of horizontally aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes: Is methane as carbon source better than ethanol?

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of horizontally aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) was studied using two representative carbon source sources: ethanol and methane. The resulting SWNTs were compared for similar reaction conditions which were based on the formation of Ni metal nanoparticles selective electrochemical deposition (SED) on the defect sites of SWNTs. The products were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy and SEM. The results demonstrate that methane was much better carbon source for growing high quality horizontal alignment of SWNTs than ethanol due to the etching effects of OH radicals on the SWNTs.     

Raman scattering of the MoS2 and WS2 single nanotubes

We report here the results of the first resonance Raman study on single MoS₂ and WS₂ nanotubes and microtubes synthesized by chemical transport reaction. These multiwall tubes represent the longest known inorganic nanotubes grown up to several millimetre lengths with diameters ranging from less than ten nanometers to several micrometers. The nanotubes grown at nearly equilibrium conditions contain extremely low density of structural defects. The selected area diffraction on the thick-wall nanotubes revealing the rhombohedral (3R) stacking, otherwise stable at elevated pressure above 4 GPa, provides indirect evidence of the presence of strain incorporated into the nanotube wall. Results are compared with phonon spectra of plate-like crystals of the same compound. The observed up-shift of Raman peaks in the tubes spectra is explained by the presence of strain. Well preserved crystal structure of tubes is confirmed by comparison with phonon spectra of nanostructured materials from literature.     

KBrO3在高压下拉曼光谱和结构的研究

利用原位高压拉曼散射和X射线衍射技术,研究了KBrO3在高压下晶格振动和晶体结构演化行为.最高压力达30.9 GPa.通过拉曼光谱发现,在高压下拉曼峰位除了单调移动,没有其它变化,表明KBrO3在研究的压力范围没有发生相变.原位高压X射线衍射实验数据显示,其在高压下依然保持常压的六方结构.通过进一步分析,分别得到了体弹模量B0=25.9(2) GPa(B′0=5.68(0.38))和部分拉曼峰的Grüneisen参数.     

Xanes and raman spectroscopy under pressure of bromobenzene

Abstract

The behaviour of bromobenzene (BBe) compressed in a diamond anvill cell up to 30 GPa was studied by XANES and Raman spectroscopy. The liquid-solid transition and a solid-solid transition were observed at 0.9 GPa and 9 GPa respectively. Above 24 GPa, an irreversible transformation occurs to a solid orange-yellow compound which can be recovered at zero pressure. The polymerization mechanism, in connection with the occurence of Br-bonded Sp² and Sp³ carbons in the solid compound, is discussed.