转板式单重态氧发生器的实验研究

 实验研究了转板式O₂(¹Δ)发生器Cl₂利用率，O₂(¹Δ)产率依赖于其他工作参数变化的规律，并进行了综合分析，给出了发生器中Cl₂的最佳工作分压约为 2.13kPa.     

列管型射流式O2(1Δ)发生器的COIL出光研究

 采用列管型射流式O₂(¹Δ)发生器在COIL装置上做了一系列出光实验,对该发生器的性能、参数及相关技术等做了实验研究。实验获得化学效率最高达22.2% 。     

体光源模拟标定法测O2(1Δ)绝对浓度

 O₂(¹Δ)绝对浓度的测量,一直是SOG和COIL研究中的重要参数之一。体光源模拟标定法测O₂(¹Δ)绝对浓度,是把发光气体以某一流速引入一已知体积的流动光池中,再通过具有低象差失真的光学系统,把该体光源成象在探测器的有效表面上。探测器和测量仪器组成的测量系统,要经过标准光源和电学标定。本方法可测出O₂(¹Δ绝对浓度和其分压,O₂(¹Δ)产率等参数。其中O₂(¹Δ)浓度测量结果的相对误差为20%。     

化学氧碘激光器的BHP配制及稳定操作

 作为化学氧碘激光器(COIL)的能量来源，O₂(¹Δ)发生器（SOG）工作状态直接影响COIL的工作性能，而碱性过氧化氢溶液的稳定与否又影响SOG的工作状态。通过对转盘式SOG实验中BHP配制及稳定操作的系统研究，提出了造成BHP溶液不稳定的几种原因及相关的解决方法。     

方列管型射流式O2(1Δ)发生器的COIL出光研究

 方列管型射流式O₂(¹Δ)发生器是一种新型高效的氧碘化学激光器(COIL)化学能源供给装置。描述了采用该发生器在COIL上所做的一系列出光实验,这些实验着重于考察该发生器的性能参数及相应的COIL化学效率。结果在Cl₂流量为0.25mol/s、无冷阱、稳定腔条件下获得化学效率高达26% 。     

O2(1Δ)发生器溶液预混及反应换热系统设计

 通过采用离心泵与换热器进行的换热系统设计,缩短了溶液预混时间,增强了O₂(¹Δ)发生器的反应换热效率,同时使发生器在反应中具备了动态传质性能,改善了氧碘化学激光器的输出功率。     

均匀液滴氧发生器液流破断的线性分析

 在均匀液滴氧发生器的研究过程中，液滴的形成是关键技术。利用压电换能器对液流施加扰动，初始扰动沿液流表面呈指数增长，直到将液流夹断生成液滴。通过理论分析，发现在影响液流表面增长率的诸多参数中，碱性过氧化氢溶液(BHP)表面张力的增加和液体分配板板孔直径的减小能够增大扰动增长率，其他参数的改变对增长率的影响非常小。通过分析还发现，BHP液体的喷射流速不同，要取得最大增长率的外界扰动频率也随之变化，外界施加扰动的频率随液流喷射流速的增大而增大。这些结果为均匀液滴氧发生器的实验研究提供有力的参考依据。     

玻璃钢转板单重态氧发生器的研究

 研究了作为化学氧碘激光器能源的转板式O₂(¹Δ)发生器非金属化的可行性。实验结果表明, 采用玻璃钢转板代替不锈钢转板是可行的, 有助于COIL小型化和实用化。     

射流式O2(1Δ)发生器射流破断长度测量

 实验研究了甘油－水溶液通过用不同加工方法和不同喷管长度/直径比的喷管形成射流的破断长度。射流的行为与喷管内是层流还是湍流的流动状态关系极大。当射流速度比较大时,喷管的缺陷如进口出口的毛刺和流道壁的粗糙度是诱发湍流使射流破断的主要原因。这些结果对化学氧碘激光的射流式O₂(¹Δ)发生器的喷管设计和制造提供了有价值的参考。     

Eu2+, Cr3+共掺杂的MAl12O19 (M=Ca, Sr, Ba) 的发光性质及能量传递

三基色荧光粉中, 红色荧光粉性能较差, 为获得性能优良的红色荧光粉, 本文采用高温固相法合成了Eu²⁺, Cr³⁺单掺杂及共掺杂的碱土金属多铝酸盐MAl₁₂O₁₉ (M =Ca, Sr, Ba) 发光体. 实验表明, 在以上三种基质中均存在Eu²⁺→Cr³⁺的能量传递, 利用能量传递可以有效将Eu²⁺的蓝光或绿光转换为红光. 三种碱土金属多铝酸盐基质的晶体结构相似,但Eu²⁺, Cr³⁺发光受晶体场影响,导致在不同的基质中Eu²⁺, Cr³⁺间能量传递效率不同.通过光谱分析及能量传递效率计算发现, 相同掺杂浓度下,CaAl₁₂O₁₉中Eu²⁺→Cr³⁺的能量传递效率最高,SrAl₁₂O₁₉次之, BaAl₁₂O₁₉最低.红光转换率在CaAl₁₂O₁₉中最高.     

均匀液滴尺寸及间距的实验研究

液滴发生器产生液滴的尺寸和间距影响液滴层的辐射和蒸发特性,液滴尺寸及间距的可控性值得重点关注。根据Weber的射流不稳定修正方程,确定了均匀液滴流产生的无量纲波数及扰动频率范围,结合射流质量守恒,分析了均匀液滴流中液滴的尺寸和间距与无量纲波数的关系。在不同喷孔直径和射流压力下,对理论和实验结果进行了对比,验证了液滴尺寸和液滴间距的理论计算结果,为液滴层辐射蒸发特性的研究提供了依据。     

合成双射流控制机翼水滴撞击特性

在低速来流条件下,针对前缘位置嵌有合成射流/合成双射流激励器的机翼的水滴撞击特性开展了数值模拟研究,基于Fluent软件,采用Euler气液两相模型和欧拉壁面液膜（Eulerian wall film,EWF）模型,得到的计算结果表明:在合成射流或合成双射流的主动控制下,阻挡了机翼前缘等积冰重点防护区域内的水滴撞击,从而大幅降低了该区域的结冰强度.其机理是:在高频合成射流的作用下,机翼前缘上游附近形成了一对稳定的闭合回流区,形成了水滴的"真空区域".由于回流区内部水滴速度和质量分数较低,改变了机翼前缘水滴运动轨迹和水滴收集率分布,能够减少机翼前缘结冰程度并改变冰形,起到了虚拟气动外形的作用.      

合成冷/热射流控制超声速边界层流动稳定性

为了探究超声速边界层流动稳定性及其转捩控制机理,提出基于合成冷/热射流的边界层速度-温度耦合控制方法,并通过数值模拟研究了Ma=4.5超声速平板边界层不稳定波的传播,采用线性稳定性理论中的时间模式分析了壁面吹吸、射流温度、扰动频率、扰动振幅等对不稳定波控制效果的影响.结果表明:无射流控制时,边界层内同时存在不稳定的第一模态扰动波和第二模态扰动波,且二维波形式的第二模态占主导地位;壁面吹吸作用下,仅出现更加不稳定的第二模态,第一模态被抑制;速度-温度耦合控制下,射流温度对扰动模态的不稳定区域大小及扰动增长率影响显著,射流温度与来流温度不同时,温度的脉动使得流动转捩为湍流的速度加快,边界层速度型更加饱满,抗干扰能力增强,流动稳定性提高;高频的吹吸扰动对流场的控制效果优于低频扰动,扰动频率超过400 Hz时,第二模态扰动波时间增长率降低,扰动分量对边界层速度剖面和温度剖面的修正加快,第二模态更加稳定;扰动振幅减小为主流速度的1%时,仅出现时间增长率较小的第二模态,控制效果较好,进一步减小时,第一模态重新出现,并且波数范围与第二模态先重合后分离,对应的时间增长率先增加后减小.研究结果为边界层转捩控制技术提供了新的思路.     

液滴发生器系统中流速及振荡频率的确定

 根据Rayleigh流体不稳定原理,确定了射流振荡波频率范围,分析了充电偏转过程,推导出了每滴液滴的充电量和受偏转电场偏转的电场力的大小。在压强为0.02,0.03,0.04,0.05,0.06 MPa下测量了喷射孔孔径分别为0.10,0.11,0.15 mm的射流初始速率,确定了最佳偏转振荡频率与射流初始速率和充电环长度的关系表达式。     

Liquid jet directionality and droplet behavior during emulsification of two liquids due to acoustic cavitation

The present study numerically investigates liquid-jet characteristics of acoustic cavitation during emulsification in water/gallium/air and water/silicone oil/air systems. It is found that a high-speed liquid jet is generated when acoustic cavitation occurs near a minute droplet of one liquid in another. The velocity of liquid jet significantly depends on the ultrasonic pressure monotonically increasing as the pressure amplitude increases. Also, the initial distance between cavitation bubble and liquid droplet affects the jet velocity significantly. The results revealed that the velocity takes maximum values when the initial distance between the droplet and cavitation bubble is moderate. Surprisingly, the liquid jet direction was found to depend on the droplet properties. Specifically, the direction of liquid jet is toward the droplet in the case of water/gallium/air system, and vice versa the jet is directed from the droplet in the case of water/silicone oil/air system. The jet directionality can be explained by location of the high-pressure spot generated during the bubble contraction.     

A survey of low velocity and coaxial jet noise with application to prediction

A review of recent published data on low velocity jet noise is given together with previously unpublished results taken from the Rolls-Royce Noise Research Programme on model rigs and full-scale engines. Noise correlations are given which show that at low jet velocities, the low frequency exhaust noise which is commonly referred to as jet noise, emitted from the fan stream of a turbofan engine is considerably lower in level than that from the (hot) centre stream. From this result, a new prediction procedure for coaxial jet noise of turbofan engines is then developed. Comparisons are given which show that this method gives good correlation with measured results from a number of full-scale turbofan engines. The importance of accurate estimation of the “ground reflection effect” is clearly demonstrated. A critical review of published jet noise data from model coaxial jets is given and the need for further extensive testing emphasized.     

Numerical study on the desorption processes of oil droplets inside oil-contaminated sand under cavitation micro-jets

The removal of the adsorbed oil droplet is critical to deoiling treatment of oil-bearing solid waste. Ultrasonic cavitation is regarded as an extremely useful method to assist the oil droplets desorption in the deoiling treatment. In this paper, the effects of cavitation micro-jets on the oil droplets desorption were studied. The adsorbed states of oil droplets in the oil-contaminated sand were investigated using a microscope. Three representative absorbed states of the oil droplets can be summarized as: (1) the individual oil droplet adsorbed on the particle surface (2) the clustered oil droplets adsorbed on the particle surface; (3) the oil droplet adsorbed in a gap between particles. The micro-jet generation during the bubble collapse near a rigid wall under different acoustic pressure amplitudes at an ultrasonic frequency of 20 kHz was investigated numerically. The desorption processes of the oil droplets at the three representative absorbed states under micro-jets were also simulated subsequently. The results showed that the acoustic pressure has a great influence on the velocity of micro-jet, and the initial diameter of cavitation bubbles is significant for the cross-sectional area of micro-jets. The wall jet caused by a micro-jet impacting on the solid wall is the most important factor for the removal of the absorbed oil droplets. The oil droplet is broken by the jet impinging, and then it breaks away from the solid wall due to the shear force generated by the wall jet. In addition to a higher sound pressure, the cavitation bubble at a larger initial diameter is more important for the desorption of the clustered oil droplets. Conversely, the micro-jet generated by the cavitation bubble at a smaller initial diameter (0.1 mm) is more appropriate for the desorption of the oil droplet in a narrow or sharp-angled gap.     

Holographic Investigations of a Diesel Jet injected into a high-pressure test chamber

A Diesel spray injected into a high-pressure test chamber was investigated with two different holographic techniques. The usual off-axis recording geometry was used to investigate the very early beginning of the injection. Double pulsing of the recording laser facilitated velocity measurements. By using two different reference angles for the two recording the two images can be separated upon reconstruction of the holograms. Thus superior image quality could be achieved. Processes leading to jet formation could be identified: the spray tip is periodically axially decelerated and radially accelerated. Consequently, liquid moves at the tip off axis. The spray consists of fast central region surrounded by a slower outer jet region. The outer jet region exhibits periodic droplet concentration fluctuations which are interpreted as a result of the periodic processes at the spray tip. Some high concentration regions in the outer jet region were investigated using a dark-field holographic technique. This technique permits single droplet velocity measurements and local droplet concentration determination at extremely high droplet concentrations. The most important result of these investigations is that no correlation between the local droplet concentration and the droplet velocity could be found.     

Microgravity experiments of flame spreading along a fuel droplet array in fuel vapor-air mixture

Combustion experiments of fuel droplet array in fuel vapor-air mixture were performed at microgravities to investigate growth mechanism of group combustion of fuel droplets. A 10-droplet array was inserted into the test section filled with a saturated fuel vapor-air mixture as a simple model of prevaporized sprays. Gas equivalence ratio of the fuel vapor-air mixture was regulated by the test section temperature. n-Decane droplets of 0.8 mm in the initial diameter were suspended at the crossing points of 10 sets of X-shaped suspenders. The first droplet was ignited by a hot wire to initiate flame spread along a fuel droplet array. Flame spread speed was obtained from the history of the leading edge position of a spreading flame. Effects of droplet spacing and gas equivalence ratio on the flame spreading behavior and the flame spread speed were examined. The droplet spacing and the gas equivalence ratio were varied from 1.6 to 10.2 mm and from 0.2 to 0.7, respectively. The gas equivalence ratio has little effect on the relationship between the flame spreading behavior and the droplet spacing. The flame spread speed increases as the increase in the gas equivalence ratio at all droplet spacings. The influence of the gas equivalence ratio on the flame spread speed becomes strong as the increase in the droplet spacings. The flame spread speed increases as the increase in the droplet spacing, and then decreases. The maximum flame spread speed appears in the range from 2.4 to 3 mm at all gas equivalence ratios.