纳米微粒对低温保护剂溶液玻璃化性质的影响

利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了加入羟基磷灰石(HA)纳米微粒对低温保护剂溶液玻璃化的影响,实验得到了不同粒径和不同质量浓度的HA纳米微粒加入PVP溶液的玻璃化转变温度与反玻璃化温度.实验结果表明加入纳米微粒能显著的影响低温保护剂溶液的玻璃化性质.且随着纳米微粒质量分数的增加,溶液的玻璃化转变温度与反玻璃化温度均显著...     

纳米微粒对多元醇水溶液过冷度和水合性质的影响

利用差示扫描量热仪(Pyrid-Diamond DSC),研究乙二醇(EG)和丙三醇水溶液加入0.1%、0.5%质量分数,20nm、40nm、60nm粒径的HA纳米微粒后的过冷度、水合性质,分析HA纳米微粒对线性多元醇水溶液这些特性的影响。实验表明,纳米微粒加入后,线性多元醇水溶液过冷度显著降低,并随纳米微粒粒径增大而减小。水合实验的结果表明,HA纳米微粒对多元醇水溶液的水合性质影响显著,与未加入HA纳米微粒的线性多元醇溶液相比,纳米低温保护剂结晶焓降低,结合水含量增大。     

HA纳米微粒对PEG-600低温保护剂反玻璃化结晶的影响

为了研究羟基磷灰石HA纳米微粒对低温保护剂反玻璃化结晶的影响,本文利用DSC和低温显微镜研究了含有不同粒径(20nm、40nm、60nm)和不同质量浓度(0.1%、0.2%、0.4%、0.8%)HA纳米微粒的PEG-600(50%,w/w)溶液反玻璃化过程中的结晶现象.试验结果表明:与未添加纳米微粒的PEG-600溶液相比,加入40nm、0.4%纳米微粒的HA-PEG600溶液的反玻璃化温度升高了7℃;加入20nm、0.4%和40nm、0.8%纳米微粒的HA-PEG600溶液的冰晶生长速率分别降低了35%和提高了50%;纳米低温保护剂溶液的冰晶形貌从大圆形变成了小圆形、枝晶或小圆形中夹带枝晶.     

纳米微粒对PVP低温保护剂比热的影响

为了研究纳米微粒对低温保护剂热力学性质的影响,本实验利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)测量了加入不同质量分数的HA纳米微粒的PVP低温保护剂溶液的比热值.实验结果表明:纳米微粒加入PVP溶液后比热值明显减小,而且HA纳米微粒质量浓度越高,溶液的比热值越小.由于比热容与热扩算系数成反比关系,比热的降低能提高溶液的传热效率,进一...     

HA纳米微粒对PEG-600低温保护剂玻璃化性质的影响

为了研究羟基磷灰石HA纳米微粒对低温保护剂玻璃化性质的影响,利用DSC测量了含有不同粒径(20nm,40nm,60nm)和不同质量浓度(0.1%,0.2%,0.4%,0.8%)HA纳米微粒的PEG-600(50%,w/w)溶液的玻璃化温度。试验结果表明:加入40nm,0.8%HA的PEG-600溶液的玻璃化转变温度最大,熔融温度最小,稳定性也最高。与未加纳米微粒的PEG-600溶液相比,玻璃化转变温度提高了5℃,熔融温度降低了4.5℃,稳定性提高了近30%。加入60nm,0.8%HA的PEG-600溶液的玻璃化转变温度和反玻璃化温度都是最小,而熔融温度最大,稳定性也最低。与未加纳米微粒的PEG-600溶液相比,反玻璃化温度降低了4.5℃,稳定性降低了14%。     

纳米低温保护剂水合及玻璃化性质的DSC研究

利用差示扫描量热仪（DSC）研究了羟基磷灰石（HA）纳米微粒对丙三醇溶液冻结过程中水合性质及玻璃化性质的影响．实验结果表明在中高浓度HA纳米颗粒对溶液水合性质影响显著．与未加纳米颗粒的溶液相比,溶液结晶量减少,未冻水含量增大．在较低浓度溶液中,加入纳米颗粒后玻璃化温度变化不明显,但反玻璃化温度明显升高;当溶液浓度达到6...     

纳米低温保护剂导热机理分析

纳米低温保护剂溶液比传统的低温保护剂溶液具有更好的导热性能,纳米微粒能够显著提高低温保护剂溶液的降温速率.本文探讨了纳米低温保护剂溶液导热性能的影响因素,提出了纳米低温保护剂导热模型,并通过与实验测得的数据进行了比对分析,结果表明所提出的模型是合理的.     

颗粒状纳米碳酸钡锶钙的研制

介绍一种气-液相合成技术合成氧化物阴极用三元碳酸盐,研究沉淀温度、浓度及搅拌速率对合成碳酸钡锶钙结晶形貌的影响,分析其结晶过程.通过优化合成溶液温度及合成浓度,控制碳酸盐的成核和生长速率,合成了一种颗粒状纳米三元碳酸盐,并进行直流发射测试.实验表明,这种纳米碳酸盐能明显提高氧化物阴极的发射性能.     

三元溶液共晶DSC实验研究

抑制共晶产生对低温保存非常重要。本文利用差示扫描量热法研究了加低温保护剂(DMSO、乙二醇、 1,2丙二醇、甘油和1,3丁二醇)的NaCl水溶液的共晶行为。得到以5％、10％、15％NaCl水溶液为母液的五种保护剂溶液热流曲线图。研究发现,溶液共晶是过冷、随机过程。低温保护剂有抑制NaCl水溶液共晶的作用。低温保护剂浓度越高, 共晶焓越小,对共晶的抑制作用越大。不同种类保护剂的抑制共晶的能力从强到弱依次是甘油、乙二醇、 DMSO、 1,2 丙二醇和1,3丁二醇。升温过程中,溶液发生共晶反玻璃化现象和玻璃化现象。     

温度对Si上MOCVD-ZnO成核与薄膜生长特性的影响

采用金属有机化学气相沉积(MOCVD)方法在Si衬底上进行了ZnO的成核与薄膜生长研究。ZnO薄膜的形貌和结晶特性由成核和后期生长过程共同决定,初期成核温度决定了其尺寸和密度,进而影响后期ZnO主层的生长行为,但由于高温对后期ZnO纳米柱横向生长的抑制,纳米柱的尺寸并没有因为成核尺寸的增大而变大,因此在560℃得到了晶柱尺寸最大、密度最小的ZnO薄膜。最后通过改变成核温度,优化了ZnO外延膜的结晶质量。     

乙二醇对反向微乳辐照法制备纳米级氧化亚铜形貌的影响

在乙二醇存在下,采用反向微乳辐照法制备了纳米级氧化亚铜(Cu2O)立方体.利用吸收光谱、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)等对所得产物进行了表征.吸收光谱显示随着乙二醇用量逐渐增加,Cu2O的半导体激子吸收特征峰逐渐增强并且红移,初步表明所得产物的粒径逐渐增大.常规透射电镜的结果表明所得Cu2O的纳米颗粒的粒径逐渐增大,并且变得规整.实验结果表明,乙二醇对Cu2O纳米粒子的形貌具有重要影响.乙二醇的存在增大了微乳水池粘度,而粘度大小影响水化电子的反应性,从而影响Cu2O的生成速率、结晶过程.它还可以降低微乳界面刚性,增大水池间的物质交换而影响Cu2O的成核和结晶;此外,它对Cu2O特定晶面的吸附影响其最终形貌.     

Nonisothermal Crystallization of the Polypropylene/Organosilica Nanocomposite

Abstract

Nonisothermal crystallization of the neat isotactic polypropylene homopolymer (PP‐0) and of the nanocomposite containing 4.68 wt.% of organosilica (PP‐4.68) was studied in the standard differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) mode during constant‐rate cooling from the melt state. Analysis of the nucleation parameters derived from cooling rate dependencies of the temperatures for the onset of crystallization exotherms suggested a slight increase of the nucleation barrier for lamellar crystallization of PP within a confined space between neighboring nanoparticles of an infinite cluster of the nanocomposite, concomitant to stronger restrictions to transport of PP segments across the melt/lamellar crystal interface. The overall crystallization rate data for PP‐4.68 were consistent with the assumption of two separate contributions from the initial (unconstrained) and the subsequent (constrained) nucleation mechanisms, respectively. The obtained results were considered as evidence for a coexistence in an undercooled PP melt of the nanocomposite of initial nucleation sites characteristic for the neat PP‐0, and the basically different nucleation sites (presumably, PP chains anchored by both ends to the surfaces of two adjacent nanoparticles).     

Ar环境气压对纳米Si晶粒成核区范围的影响

为了研究不同环境气压条件下纳米Si晶粒成核区的范围,采用波长为308 nm的 XeCl脉冲准分子激光器,分别在1-200 Pa的Ar气环境下, 烧蚀高阻抗单晶Si靶,在距离烧蚀点正下方2.0 cm处水平放置一系列单晶Si 或玻璃衬底,沉积制备了纳米Si薄膜. Raman谱和X射线衍射谱测量证实了薄膜中纳米Si晶粒已经形成. 扫描电子显微镜的测量结果表明,环境气压的变化影响了衬底上纳米Si晶粒的平均尺寸及其分布范围. 根据成核区位置的确定方法,计算得出随着环境气压的增加纳米Si晶粒成核区的范围先变宽后变窄的规律. 从烧蚀动力学的角度对实验结果进行了分析.     

Shear-thickening behavior of modified silica nanoparticles in polyethylene glycol

The surface of silica nanoparticles with an average diameter of 650 nm was modified by ball milling and chemical treatment with ethylene glycol (EG). The Fourier-transform infrared spectra and particle size analysis methods were used to characterize the modified silica nanoparticles. The morphologies of the silica nanoparticles before and after the different surface treatments were examined by transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope. The rheological behaviors of modified silica suspensions in polyethylene glycol were studied by using Anton-paar 301 stress-controlled rheometer. The results of rheological tests indicated that the surface treatments had a great effect on increasing the maximum weight fraction of silica nanoparticles in Shear-thickening fluids, especially treated by the chemical method with EG.     

Shape-Controlled Synthesis of Palladium Nanoparticles and Their SPR/SERS Properties

在水溶液中分别以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)和CTAB/柠檬酸钠混合剂为包覆剂合成钯纳米颗粒,并研究其形貌演变．钯纳米颗粒在成核阶段会形成具有不同孪晶结构的晶核,在生长阶段又会选择性的放大某一组晶面,这两个因素导致了钯纳米颗粒形貌的多样性．在合成中CTAB既会影响钯纳米颗粒的成核,也会影响颗粒晶面的选择性生长．通过改变CTAB和还原剂的量可以调控钯纳米颗粒的形貌．溶液中CTAB和还原剂浓度的改变,非常明显地影响合成产物中不同形貌钯纳米颗粒的产率．通过向溶液中引入柠檬酸离子调控纳米颗粒的成核与生长过程,首次合成出了星状钯二十面体和截面为五角星形的钯纳米棒．这些不同形貌的钯纳米颗粒有着不同的表面等离子体共振和表面增强拉曼散射性质．     

Nucleation of epitaxial graphene on SiC substrate by thermal annealing and chemical vapor deposition

Growth of epitaxial graphene (EG) on silicon carbide (SiC) is regarded as one of the most effective routes to high-quality graphene towards practical applicability. We try to build up a model to illuminate the nucleation process of EG on SiC by thermal decomposition. The model is derived from some experimental results and discloses that surface diffusion plays an important role in the nucleation. For the chemical vapor deposition process used, the organic gas as carbon precursor enables carbon deposition quickly for supporting the growth of high-quality graphene via vapor transformation, so that the nucleated and final graphene becomes almost stress-free and mimics the free-standing graphene. Our findings have a potential in preparing high-quality graphene by controlling the nucleation conditions.     

Intensification of ultrasound-assisted process for the preparation of spindle-shape sodium zinc molybdate nanoparticles

In the present work, sodium zinc molybdate (SZM) nanoparticles were prepared using conventional and an innovative ultrasound assisted co-precipitation of sodium molybdate, zinc oxide and HNO₃ at different temperatures. Prepared product was characterized by XRD, TEM, FT-IR, particle size distribution (PSD), TGA and DTA techniques. TEM analysis shows the spindle-shaped morphology of the formed SZM nanoparticles. The average particle size of SZM nanoparticles is found to be lower in case of sonochemical method (78.3 nm) compared to conventional method (340.2 nm) which is attributed to faster solute transfer rate due to ultrasonic irradiation leading to rapid nucleation and restricted growth of SZM nanoparticles. Further, the kinetics of synthesis of SZM nanoparticles are studied using the sonochemical method at different operating temperature and conventional method at 80 °C. It is shown that the rate of reaction is significantly faster at 40 °C compared to other temperatures and also conventional method. This can be attributed to intense cavity collapse at lower temperature (low vapour pressure) compared to higher temperature (high vapour pressure) of the reaction mixture.