紫外光辐照聚乙烯醇的1H NMR研究

用¹H NMR谱,自旋-晶格弛豫时间（T₁）和X-射线衍射研究了聚乙烯醇(PVA)在紫外光（UV）辐照后-OH基团与溶剂中残余水质子间氢键的生成与质子交换. 结果表明随着UV光辐照时间的增长,水峰与-OH质子峰逐渐相互靠近,同时水峰逐渐变宽,向低场方向移动,这与-OH基团与溶剂DMSO中残余水的质子之间既有氢键生成又有质子交换有关. 对辐照前后的PVA的DMSO溶液进行变温氢谱的研究,表明随着温度的升高,二者的-OH基团共振峰均逐渐变弱,溶剂残余水峰与-OH基团峰逐渐移向高场. PVA辐照前后随着浓度增大,羟基质子峰“变钝”. 辐照后的PVA的X-射线衍射表明聚集态结构中部分分子间氢键受到了破坏.     

高压下1,1’-二羟基-5,5’-联四唑二羟胺盐的振动光谱及同位素效应

用密度泛函理论方法研究1,1’-二羟基-5,5’-联四唑二羟胺盐(HATO)晶体在高压(<40 GPa)下性质。在GGA-PW91计算水平并结合超软势基组对HATO晶体结构进优化,其优化结构能再现实验结果。分子间O…H间距随压力的增加而显著减小;但O—H和N—H键长呈现非单调变化。基于不同压力下的优化晶体结构,利用非周期性计算并经校正因子0.967 9校正,求得相应压力下的红外和拉曼谱。预测最强拉曼峰对应于C—C伸缩和NH₂对称变形,位于1 580 cm-1,与实验结果一致。虽然阴离子不含氢原子,但阳离子的氘代仍对阴离子的振动光谱产生影响。高压导致分子间氢键增强,导致参与氢键的O—H和O—D振动的拉曼波数减小。氘代后,ND₂的拉曼位移的最明显变化是ν₂伸缩振动波数在高压下急剧增加,导致ND₂ ν₂/ν₃在高压下发生偶合。计算出的ν₁至ν₃振动的同位素效应比ν(NH₂)/ν(ND₂)均为1.36～1.38,与由折合质量所求得的值相一致。氘代和压力的变化可引起不同振动模式的偶合。     

用二维NMR交换谱定量地研究氘代DMSO和氘代氯仿中小肽活泼质子的交换动力学

用核磁共振二维交换谱方法研究了类肽化合物Cbz-Ser-Tyr-OC₆H₁₃中活泼质子的交换动力学,结果表明,在DMSO-d₆和CDCl₃溶液中,四种活泼质子与溶剂中残留水的交换快慢顺序为:Ser-OH > Tyr-OH > Ser-NH > Tyr-NH.在此基础上,对氨基酸中氨基所处的局部环境进行了讨论.     

丙烯腈γ辐射聚合的NMR研究

用¹H NMR、¹³C NMR谱、自旋-晶格弛豫时间（T₁）和自旋-自旋弛豫时间（T₂）研究了丙烯腈在⁶⁰Co γ射线辐射聚合后的大分子结构变化与大分子链的运动. 结果表明随着辐射剂量增大，在单体形成聚合物的过程中，聚合物主链上出现了少量的-OH基团，继续增大辐射剂量， -OH部分被氧化. 对聚合物溶液的变温氢谱的研究表明，溶剂中的残余水与上述-OH形成氢键，且随着温度升高氢键被破坏，同时H₂O与-OH之间还存在着质子交换. 利用¹³C NMR谱对丙烯腈辐射聚合的产物进行了序列结构分析. 对T₁和T₂的研究表明，辐射剂量的增大并未影响到聚丙烯腈的链运动，证明了在丙烯腈的辐射聚合过程交联反应未发生.     

Al2O3X2（X=H,D,T）的电子振动近似方法

用密度泛函理论在B3LYP/6-311++g（d,p）基组水平上对Al₂O₃X₂（X=H,D,T）分子的可能较低能量构型进行了几何优化.结果表明该分子的基态电子态和对称性为Al₂O₃X₂（X=H,D,T）（¹A′）C_s,计算了氢同位素分子及Al₂O₃X₂（X=H,D,T）的电子能量E、定容热容C_V和熵S.用电子振动近似方法计算了固体Al₂O₃的氢化热力学函数△H⁰,△S⁰,△G⁰,以及平衡压力与温度的关系.当Al₂O₃吸附氢（氘,氚）形成固体时,反应的氢氘氚排代效应的顺序为氚排代氘,氘排代氢,与钛等金属与氢及其同位素反应的氢氘氚排代效应的顺序相反.总体来说,这种排代效应都非常弱.随着温度的增加,这系列反应的氢氘氚排代效应趋于消失.     

NH3分子在LiH（100）表面吸附的第一性原理研究

采用第一性原理方法研究了NH₃分子在LiH（100）晶面的表面吸附情况.通过研究LiH（100）/NH₃体系的吸附位置、吸附能和电子结构,发现NH₃分子在LiH（100）晶面主要是化学吸附,初始位置为NH₃分子中N-H键在Li顶住时失去一个H原子,并在LiH（100）面形成NH₂基,其吸附能为0.511 eV,属于强化学吸附,吸附作用最强.此时NH₂基与附近H原子和Li原子之间为离子键作用,NH₂基中N—H键为共价键;NH₃分子中另一个H原子与LiH表面的一个H原子形成一个H₂分子逸出表面.H₂分子中H-H键为明显的共价键.     

定量核磁共振氢谱测定新药替格瑞洛

本文建立了基于核磁共振氢谱（¹H NMR）测定新药替格瑞洛绝对含量的方法.采用Bruker Avance 300型NMR谱仪，以磺胺多辛为内标；以替格瑞洛中质子信号δ_H 7.14（2H，m）和δ_H 7.04（1H，s），磺胺多辛质子信号δ_H 8.04（1H，s）、δ_H 7.73（2H，d）和δ_H 6.54（2H，d）作为定量峰；以氘代甲醇（CD₃OD）为溶剂进行测定.测定条件为：探头温度为308 K，谱宽为3 511.5 Hz，中心频率为1 470.6 Hz，脉冲翻转角为θ=30°，延迟时间为10 s，采样次数为16，线宽因子为0.3 Hz.在此实验条件下，替格瑞洛样品与内标磺胺多辛的定量峰分离良好，实验结果精密度较高、重复性较好、线性范围较宽，其线性拟合方程为：Y=1.053X-0.081（r=0.996，n=5）.最终测得样品中替格瑞洛含量为99.4%，相对标准偏差（RSD）为0.20%.该方法简便、准确、快速，适用于替格瑞洛样品的绝对含量测定.     

(NH4)2SO4，NH4NO3和(NH4)2SO4/NH4NO3混合气溶胶吸湿质量增长因子的快速测量方法

气溶胶颗粒的吸湿性决定了其尺寸、浓度、化学组成以及相态,从而显著影响着全球气候、大气异相化学以及人类健康。运用在线、原位、连续扫描衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱（ATR-FTIR）技术, 结合线性湿度（RH）控制系统,实现了RH连续变化条件下气溶胶FTIR-ATR光谱的快速测量。根据水弯曲振动谱带（~1 640 cm-1）峰面积随RH的变化,得到了(NH₄)₂SO₄,NH₄NO₃和(NH₄)₂SO₄/NH₄NO₃混合气溶胶的质量增长因子（MGFs）、潮解点（DRH）和风化点（ERH）。与气溶胶的E-AIM模型预测值相比较,实验结果表现出良好的一致性,证实该方法是一种测量大气气溶胶MGFs,ERH和DRH的快速测量方法。     

核磁共振波谱法表征 DAST 分子结构

DAST 晶体（即 4-N, N-二甲胺基-4’-N’-甲基-氮杂芪的对甲苯磺酸盐晶体）具有优良的二阶非线性光学性能和电光效应特性,可用于红外至太赫兹波段辐射与检测领域．为了表征 DAST 源粉分子结构及纯度,选择 CD₃OD 和 DMSO-d₆ 两种溶剂分别对 DAST 源粉进行了¹H NMR、 ¹³C NMR、 ¹H-¹H COSY、 HSQC 和 HMBC 表征．通过对谱峰的归属及分析发现, DAST 在 CD₃OD 溶液中倾向于以离子对状态存在,而在 DMSO-d₆ 溶液中倾向于以解离状态存在,并根据谱峰的变化推测了 DAST 在从 CD₃OD 溶液环境向 DMSO-d₆ 溶液环境变化时解离过程中电子云在共轭结构上重新分布的规律和骨架的变化情况．     

丙二醇甲醚中超痕量金属杂质元素的ICP-MS/MS分析

基于电感耦合等离子体串联质谱（ICP-MS/MS）建立了准确测定丙二醇甲醚中超痕量金属杂质元素的分析方法,提出了利用混合反应气消除质谱干扰的新策略。丙二醇甲醚经超纯水稀释后直接采用ICP-MS/MS测定其中具有挑战性的超痕量金属元素Mg,Al,K,Ti,V,Cr,Fe,Ni,Cu和Zn,在MS/MS模式下,选择混合气NH₃/He/H₂为反应气,Ti+,Cr+,Fe+,Ni+,Cu+,Zn+与NH₃发生质量转移反应,在形成的团簇离子中,Ti(NH₃)+₆,Cr(NH₃)+₂,Fe(NH₃)+₂,Ni(NH₃)+₃,Cu(NH₃)+₂和Zn(NH₃)+丰度高且无干扰,利用NH₃质量转移法将Ti+,Cr+,Fe+,Ni+,Cu+和Zn+转移为相应的团簇离子进行测定;H₂能与加合物-NH和-NH₂反应生成-NH₃,增大碰撞/反应池（CRC）内-NH₃的浓度,有利于提高Ti,Cr,Fe,Ni,Cu和Zn的分析灵敏度。Mg+,Al+,K+和V+几乎不能与NH₃反应,而干扰离子能与NH₃反应形成团簇离子,可以利用NH₃原位质量法进行Mg,Al,K,V的测定;H₂能快速与Ar基干扰离子发生反应,而与其他离子的反应速度很慢,反应气中加入H₂能迅速彻底消除Ar基干扰离子所形成的质谱干扰,有利于Mg,Al,K和V的测定。优选Sc+与NH₃反应生成的团簇离子Sc(NH₃)+₅为Ti(NH₃)+₆,Cr(NH₃)+₂,Fe(NH₃)+₂,Ni(NH₃)+₃,Cu(NH₃)+₂和Zn(NH₃)+的内标离子,Be+与NH₃反应生成的团簇离子Be(NH₃)+₄为Mg+,Al+,K+和V+内标离子,校正了样品溶液,标准溶液和空白溶液之间由于物理化学性质差异产生的基体效应,确保了分析信号的稳定。将所建立的方法应用实际样品的加标回收实验,并采用双聚焦扇形磁场电感耦合等离子体质谱（SF-ICP-MS）进行对比分析,评价分析方法的准确性。结果表明,各元素的检出限为0.52～61.5 ng·L-1,加标回收率为95.6%～104.2%,相对标准偏差（RSD）≤4.5%;在95%的置信度水平,所有元素的分析结果与SF-ICP-MS的测定结果无显著性差异,验证了分析方法的准确性好,精密度高。将方法应用于丙二醇甲醚中超痕量金属杂质元素的测定,具有分析速度快,无干扰,灵敏度高的优势。     

1H NMR Study of Hydrogen Bonding and Hydrogen to Deuterium Isotope Exchange in Ureido Sugars

Abstract

The acidic properties of ureido NH protons in two new derivatives of methyl 3,4,6-triacetyl-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranoside and i-butylamine (1) and L-leucine (2) were studied by ¹H NMR. Stronger influence of polar aprotic solvents, more effective interaction with nitroxyl radical and faster H/D exchange indicate that N1'-H proton which is proximate to the glucopyranose ring is more acidic than N3'-H one in both ureido sugars, this conclusion was supported by semi-empirical AM1 calculation. Hydrogen to deuterium exchange rates are 1.2 x 10^?2 to 5.5x 10^?3 M^?1 min^?l. Significantly slower exchange of N3'-H proton standing by Leu residue in 2 can be explained by the existence of internal H-bonds.     

Proton Dynamics in Letovicite, (NH4)3H(SO4)2: A H and N NMR Spectroscopic Study

The improper ferroelastic phase letovicite (NH₄)₃H(SO₄)₂ has been studied by ¹H MAS NMR as well as by static ¹⁴N NMR experiments in the temperature range of 296–425 K. The ¹H MAS NMR resonance from ammonium protons can be well distinguished from that of acidic protons. A third resonance appears just below the phase transition temperature which is due to the acidic protons in the paraelastic phase. The lowering of the second moment M₂ for the ammonium protons takes place in the same temperature range as the formation of domain boundaries, while the signals of the acidic protons suffer a line narrowing in the area of T_c. The static ¹⁴N NMR spectra confirm the temperature of the motional changes of the ammonium tetrahedra. Two-dimensional ¹H NOESY spectra indicate a chemical exchange between ammonium protons and the acidic protons of the paraphase.     

Measurement of longitudinal relaxation times in crowded 1H NMR spectra using one- and two-dimensional maximum quantum (MAXY) NMR spectroscopy

Methods for measuring longitudinal relaxation times of protons in heavily overlapped ¹H NMR spectra are introduced and exemplified using a solution of cholesteryl acetate. The methods are based on 1-dimensional and 2-dimensional maximum quantum NMR spectroscopy (MAXY), which makes possible the selective detection of CH, CH₂ and CH₃ ¹H NMR resonances. A modification of the BIRD pulse sequence to achieve selective inversion of protons bonded to either ¹²C or ¹³C is given. The approach should find application in studies of molecular dynamics where isotopic enrichment is not possible and the level of available sample dictates the use of ¹H NMR spectroscopy.     

Combined 1H NMR and DFT study of the solvent effects on the iron pentacarbonyl‐catalyzed photo‐assisted isomerization of allyl alcohol

The relative rates of iron pentacarbonyl‐catalyzed photo‐induced isomerization of allyl alcohol to propanal in various solvents have been measured using ¹H NMR spectroscopy. The reactions were run in linear and cyclic alkanes, alcohols, and amines in order to investigate solvent effects on the isomerization mechanism upon ultraviolet irradiation. The isomerization was efficient in nonane, hexane, cyclohexane, and benzene. The isomerization was very slow or completely suppressed in ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, triethylamine, and pyridine. Density functional theory calculations predicted thermodynamically favorable (ΔG^o < 0) formation of Fe(CO)₄–solvent compounds in the suppressing alcohol/amine solvents and unfavorable (ΔG^o > 0) formation in the hydrocarbon solvents. The strong solvent ligation likely prevents formation of Fe(CO)₃●(η²‐alkene) necessary for isomerization. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Chemical exchange of hydroxyl protons in quercetin measured by pulsed field gradient NMR

The diffusion behavior of hydroxyl protons (OH) in quercetin in 100% DMSO-d₆ (deuterium dimethylsulfoxide) and a 90% DMSO-d₆ solution containing 10% H₂O was investigated with 600 MHz ¹H pulsed field gradient (PFG) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Only resonances of the 5-hydroxyl protons (OH5) were well resolved in NMR spectra of quercetin for all solutions under study. This phenomenon is explained by the intramolecular hydrogen bonding between OH5 protons and the 4-carbonyl oxygen (CO4). During diffusion experiments, the OH5 protons showed a biexponential diffusion decay, indicating an exchange process with water. As water content in the solvents increased, the lifetime (τ _q) of the OH5 protons decreased from 96.7±10.0 ms in 100% DMSO-d₆ to 14.3±1.4 ms in the 90% DMSO-d₆ solution containing 10% H₂O, indicating an increase in the exchange rate (k _q = l/τ _q) of the OH5 protons. This study demonstrates that the diffusion approach with PFG-NMR is much faster and easier for estimating the short lifetime or fast exchange rate of hydroxyl protons in quercetin.     

Proton diffusion in the room-temperature phase of [(NH4)1−xRbx]3H(SO4)2 as studied by 1H spin-lattice relaxation in the rotating frame

Proton diffusion in the room-temperature phase (phase II) of [(NH₄)_1?xRb_x]₃H(SO₄)₂ (0≤x≤1) has been studied by means of ¹H spin-lattice relaxation times in the rotating frame, T_1ρ. The ¹H T_1ρ values were measured at 200.13 MHz in the range of 380–490 K. The ammonium protons and the acidic protons have independent T_1ρ values in the higher temperature range of phase II, suggesting that the spin diffusion between the two species is ineffective. The translational diffusion of the acidic protons is the most dominant mechanism to relax both the ammonium protons and the acidic protons in phase II. The ¹H T_1ρ values in phase II are analyzed theoretically and the motional parameters are obtained. The results of NMR well explain the macroscopic proton conductivity.     

Bulk magnetization and 1H NMR spectra of magnetically heterogeneous model systems

Bulk magnetization and ¹H static and magic angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of two magnetically heterogeneous model systems based on laponite (LAP) layered silicate or polystyrene (PS) with low and high proton concentration, respectively, and ferrimagnetic Fe₂O₃ nano- or micro-particles have been studied. In LAP+Fe₂O₃, a major contribution to the NMR signal broadening is due to the dipolar coupling between the magnetic moments of protons and magnetic particles. In PS+Fe₂O₃, due to the higher proton concentration in polystyrene and stronger proton–proton dipolar coupling, an additional broadening is observed, i.e. ¹H MAS NMR spectra of magnetically heterogeneous systems are sensitive to both proton–magnetic particles and proton–proton dipolar couplings. An increase of the volume magnetization by ～1 emu/cm³ affects the ¹H NMR signal width in a way that is similar to an increase of the proton concentration by ～2×10²²/cm³. ¹H MAS NMR spectra, along with bulk magnetization measurements, allow the accurate determination of the hydrogen concentration in magnetically heterogeneous systems.     

Analysis of 1H and 13C{1H} NMR Spectral Parameters and Geometries of Three Isomeric Diphenylbicyclo[2.2.1]Hept-5-Ene-2,3-Dicarboxylic Anhydrides

Diels-Alder adducts of 1,4-diphenyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene and maleic anhydride were investigated by recording the ¹H and ¹³C{¹H} NMR spectra of three isomeric diphenylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene endo and exo 2,3-dianhydrides. the spectra were recorded in CD₂Cl₂ and analysed completely. the effect of the endo and exo configuration of the anhydride ring on the chemical shifts of the bridgehead phenyl protons is discussed. the ortho protons of the exo isomers resonate at higher field than those of the endo isomer, and the resonance pattern of the aromatic protons is narrower in the exo than the endo anhydride. the aromatic regions of the spectra are compared with the same regions of the ¹H NMR spectra of the earlier investigated addition products of 1,4-di-p-tolyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene and 1-phenyl-4-p-tolyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene with maleic anhydride. Chemical shifts of the bridge protons are explained on the basis of X-ray data of the compounds and MacroModel calculations on the minimum energy conformations.     

Synthesis, Characterization, Optical Properties and Theoretical Studies of Novel Substituted Imidazo[1,5-a]pyridinyl 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Derivatives

Novel imidazo[1,5-a]pyridinyl 1,3,4-Oxadiazole derivatives were synthesized and characterised by IR, ¹H NMR and HRMS.UV-vis absorption and fluorescence properties of these compounds in different solutions showed that the maximal emission wavelength was not significantly changed in different solvents; however, maximum absorption wavelength was blue-shifted with the increase of solvent polarity. Absorption λ_max and emission λ_max was less correlated with substituent groups on benzene rings. The calculated molecular orbital correlates well with their absorption.     

Optorelaxers: Achieving real-time control of NMR relaxation

We present an approach to increase the detection sensitivity of NMR by shortening the spin-lattice relaxation time using transient paramagnetic species created by light irradiation of “optorelaxer” molecules. In the ultimate implementation of this concept, not yet realized here, these transient species are absent during the detection period, thereby avoiding the loss of spectral resolution caused by inhomogeneous broadening from paramagnetic species. Real-time control of NMR relaxation by visible light is demonstrated with Fe(II)(ptz)₆(BF₄)₂, (ptz = 1-propyltetrazole), abbreviated FePTZ. Illumination of FePTZ at 30 K results in a decrease of the ¹H NMR spin-lattice relaxation time T₁ due to formation of a high spin photoexcited state. The ¹H NMR of polystyrene containing a low concentration of FePTZ molecules shows a similar reduction in T₁, establishing that FePTZ can act as an optorelaxer for the protons of a matrix. Numerical modeling of the spin-diffusion processes from the protons in a FePTZ core to those in a shell of polystyrene accounts for the observed T₁ effects under both dark and light conditions. Additionally, ¹H MAS (magic-angle spinning) NMR results for pure FePTZ provide information on the isotropic and anisotropic portions of the electron-nuclear hyperfine interactions.