激光烧蚀Al靶产生的等离子体中辐射粒子的速度及激波

在低真空条件下(5Pa),通过测量脉冲激光烧蚀平面Al靶产生的等离子体辐射谱的时间分辨特征,得到辐射粒子速度的空间分布.在激光脉冲宽度为10ns,烧蚀斑直径为200μm,靶面上功率密度分别为1.91×10¹⁰,5.10×10¹⁰和7.64×10¹⁰W/cm²时,测得辐射粒子Al的速度均在10⁶cm/s量级,且随着靶面径向距离的增大而近似呈指数衰减.在距靶面的相同距离处,激光功率密度的增大反而使速度减小.利用激波模型(shockwave model)较好地解释了实验结果,并得出激波的波面基本为柱对称 关键词： 激光等离子体 平面Al靶 粒子速度分布 激波     

Ni2+:BeAl2O4晶体发光性质的研究

用时间分辨的激光诱导荧光光谱方法测量了10—300K温度范围内Ni²⁺:BeAl₂O₄晶体的红外荧光光谱和荧光寿命。通过荧光寿命的温度变化特性分析,得出³T_2g态的内禀辐射衰减寿命为123±7.2μs。无辐射弛豫的Mott激活能为1147cm^-1,并导出了此晶体发光量子效率随温度的变化关系式。Ni²⁺:BeAl₂O_{4关键词：}     

软X射线条纹相机用于激光等离子体辐射温度的测量方法

本文提出了软X射线条纹相机与吸收膜相耦合测量等离子体温度的实验原理与方法,编制了数值计算程序SCC,给出了平面金靶在1.06μm激光(LF—II~=激光装置)作用下,靶面功率密度约10~(14)W/cm~2的辐射温度。并对温度处理中存在的误差,以及把此方法推广到能谱的时间分辨和温度的空间分辨测量中的可能性进行了讨论。     

激光加热碳、金平面靶等离子体膨胀过程

利用软X射线条纹相机与针孔成象装置相结合,测得了碳、金平面靶靶面X射线时、空分辨图象,从而推算出靶面等离子体膨胀平均速度分别为(碳):5.11×10⁷cm/s,(金):6.13×10⁷cm/s。实验用1.06μm的钕玻璃激光轰击靶面,X射线能谱范围为0.1—10keV。测量在激光功率密度≈10¹⁴W/cm²的情况下进行。 关键词：     

神光Ⅲ原型1 ns激光驱动黑腔辐射温度实验研究

在神光Ⅲ原型装置上,利用八束三倍频激光注入金柱腔靶,开展了光学高温计与软X射线能谱仪测量辐射温度的比对研究;利用功率平衡关系式,分析了神光Ⅲ原型1 ns内爆标准腔、1 ns输运腔的辐射温度与激光功率的关系,得到了两种腔靶X射线转换效率（耦合效率）约为50%—55%. 关键词： 辐射温度 冲击波 黑腔靶 激光靶耦合效率     

辐射烧蚀区电子温度研究

此文叙述了采用晶体谱仪测量辐射烧蚀区电子温度的方法.在"星光Ⅱ”激光装置上,以波长为0.35μm,能量～70J,脉宽～700ps的强激光注入辐射烧蚀靶,实验首次测到了辐射烧蚀样品自发射谱,配合理论计算,给出了碳氢样品电子温度29eV.另外用空间分辨晶体谱仪研究了发泡铝靶电子温度空间分布;用双示踪元素等电子谱线法研究了Formvar(CHO)膜平面靶的电子温度.     

激光辐照固体靶产生等离子体反冲研究

提出一种通过诊断等离子体反冲动量来计算激光加载产生冲击压强的方法. 当强激光辐照固体靶表面时, 所产生的高速喷射的等离子体对靶具有反冲作用, 通过诊断等离子体反冲动量的变化可以计算激光辐照固体靶产生的冲击压强变化. 本文利用辐射流体力学软件研究了这种诊断方法, 模拟采用的激光功率密度为5×10¹²-5×10¹³ W/cm², 激光脉宽选取纳秒量级. 模拟结果表明该方法是有效且可行的.     

靶的厚度对激光产生的x射线输运到靶后能谱的影响

利用一维辐射流体动力学程序MULTI数值模拟研究了功率为10¹⁴W/cm²、脉冲宽度为1ns、波长为0.35μm的短脉冲强激光辐照不同厚度的平面Au靶时，靶厚度对靶背面x射线能谱结构和辐射强度的影响. 关键词： 激光等离子体 辐射流体力学 x射线转换     

Mg微管靶喷口电子密度及X射线谱的时间分辨特性

1.06μm激光以3.5×10¹³W/cm²管壁辐照强度注入带侧向喷口Mg微管靶管内。利用X射线条纹相机测量Mg¹⁰⁺和Mg¹¹⁺离子沿侧喷方向发射X射线谱随时间变化过程,X射线时间分辨谱结果表明,三体再复合过程是实现Mg¹⁰⁺离子激发态1s4p和1s3p能级间粒子数反转的主要机制。用2660?紫外激光探针探测侧向喷口处等离子体电子密度,其密度值与用光谱分析获取的一致。 关键词：     

黑腔靶辐射温度实验研究

研究腔靶辐射温度与靶型及激光辐照条件的关系.实验利用神光-Ⅱ基频光,激光能量为3-5 kJ/8束,脉宽为0.6-0.9ns打Au腔靶.采用滤片-x射线二极管(XRD)阵列谱仪及平响应-x射线二极管(P-XRD)分别测量腔靶诊断口辐射软x射线强度谱及其角分布,给出了等效辐射温度为140-180eV.同时,利用多针孔时、空分辨成像技术,观测诊断口发射软x射线时空特性,实验现象表明两种诊断口(衬Be环与无Be环)在160-170eV辐射温度条件下,辐射烧蚀产生的等离子体云均对腔内发射x射线流形成一定程度的阻挡作用,数据处理结果,给出了相应条件下辐射温度推算中需要的等效诊断口面积修正因子,平均值为0.79,并用此数据对测量的软x射线强度谱进行修正,达到提高辐射温度测量精度的目的.     

Ideal laser amplifier as a phase measuring system of a microscopic radiation field

A measuring system is described for the phase determination of a microscopic radiation field. The essential element of this system is a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser which serves as an ideal laser amplifier with a high amplification of approximately 10¹⁰, having insignificant quantum noise. The result for a phase measurement of several photons (about five) is presented.     

A new technique for measuring the spin-exchange cross-section between different atoms

A technique for measuring the spin-exchange between unlike atoms is proposed which makes use of a tunable dye laser; it has been tested in the measurement of the Sodium-Rubidium cross-section yielding a value of 2.6×10^?14 cm². Suggestions for improving on its accuracy are given.     

A novel technique for measuring absorption coefficients at 632.8 nm

A novel experimental technique is reported for the determination of the absorption coefficients of modern optical materials at the 632.8 nm with the help of a high power He-Ne laser. Sensitive dependence of the laser output on the intra-cavity optical losses of the laser has been utilized. Absorption in these materials are very small, and their measurements are beyond the capabilities of the existing instrumentation. Hence the technique described in this paper would excel. The absorption coefficients of boro-silicate crown glass and fused silica have been determined, and are found to be 0.008 and 0.001 cm^-1, respectively. This technique is capable of measuring absorptions ～ 10^-4 cm^-1, and can be improvised to measure absorptions ～ 10^-5 cm^-1.     

Rapidly tuning miniature TEA CO2 laser – rotating mirror and grating mechanism

In this research, directed toward using differential absorption lidar (DIAL) for measuring concentrations of pollutant gases, a device for rapidly tuning a transversely excited atmospheric-pressure (TEA) CO₂ laser is presented. It is shown that it is possible to utilize a rotating six-sided scanning mirror and a fixed diffraction grating to rapidly switch wavelength over randomly selected lasing transitions in the 9–11 μm region of the spectrum. The scanning mirror and an optical encoder are driven by a hysteresis synchronous motor at a speed of 1500 rpm. A surface-wire-corona preionization was utilized in a cavity. The laser system is highly automated with microprocessor-controlled laser line selection. Single-branch emission at two wavelengths with time interval ⩽10 ms has been obtained from a single cavity TEA CO₂ laser. An accurate line selection has been demonstrated in over 40 transitions at a pulse repetition frequency of up to 100 Hz. The laser energy at first-order couple output was up to 20 mJ per pulse and the pulse width is about 60 ns in an active volume of 36 cm³.     

Accuracy control of three-dimensional Nd:YAG laser shaping by ablation

Improving the dimensional accuracy along the optical axis without decreasing the materials removing rate is a key issue in three-dimensional laser shaping. This paper presents a concept for performing three-dimensional laser shaping by directly using machining laser as the photo source of the non-contacting measuring device. Due to the high power measuring photo source and a 1.06 μm bandpass filter, the interference caused by the emission light of ablated surface can be effectively avoided, the delay time is not needed to be inserted between the laser pulse and the measurement. So the measurement will not decrease the material removal rate and productivity. By using this system, the shaping accuracy of 30 μm can be achieved at the removing rate of about 4.0×10⁻² mm³/sec for Si₃N₄ ceramic, both are much better than the results obtained before.     

Heterodyne frequency measurements on N2O between 1257 and 1340 cm−1

Frequency measurements are given for the 00⁰1-00⁰0 and 01¹1-01¹0 bands of N₂O from 1257 to 1340 cm^?1. The measurements utilize heterodyne techniques by measuring small frequency differences between a tunable diode laser locked to the center of an N₂O absorption line and harmonic combinations of frequencies of radiation from two CO₂ Lamb-dip-stabilized lasers. The measurements are facilitated by the use of the CO laser as a transfer laser whose frequency is also measured. These measurements have been combined with other data to provide new band constants and frequency calibration tables for several band systems of N₂O in the following regions; 1215 to 1340, 1816 to 1930, and 2135 to 2268 cm^?1. A correction factor is also provided for existing calibration tables near 590 cm^?1.     

A sensitive method for measurements of complex third-order susceptibilities in waveguides

A method for measuring complex fast nonlinear optical nonlinearities χ ⁽³⁾ in waveguides is demonstrated. It is based on a comparison between the optical nonlinearities of two different samples under identical experimental circumstances and thus is independent of laser pulse parameters. Heterodyne detected four-wave mixing is employed to achieve information about both amplitude and phase of χ ⁽³⁾. To increase the sensitivity, a procedure for suppression of the limiting parasitic signals due to the photodiode nonlinearity is suggested. Results obtained from a short piece of hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber are presented.     

In situ measurement of ammonia with a 13CO2-waveguide laser system

A laser gas monitoring system has been developed to measure in situ concentrations of ammonia at various temperatures. The concentration is determined by measuring absorption with a tunable ¹³CO₂ waveguide laser that is frequency modulated between two adjacent emission lines. One line coincides with a strong ammonia absorption line, while the other is used as a reference. By this referencing the system is autocalibrated continuously. The high spectral resolution of the laser suppresses interferences by other species. The system was built up to be used in industrial environment and was successfully applied in the chemical industry and in several power plants. A detection limit of 1 ppm could be reached at a time constant of 5 s.     

Quasi-tunable I2-laser for absorption measurements in the near infrared

The properties and output data of an I₂-laser pumped by a pulsed dye laser have been investigated. The separation between lines to which the laser can be tuned in the region 1.0–1.3 μm is typically 0.5 cm^-1. Lines are emitted in R-P doublets with a separation of 5–15 cm^-1. The possibility of measuring low gas concentrations by recording the intensity ratio of the components in selected doublets has been tested in atmospheric water vapour.     

110 W ceramic Nd<Superscript>3+</Superscript> : Y<Subscript>3</Subscript>Al<Subscript>5</Subscript>O<Subscript>12</Subscript> laser

A high-power, continuous-wave 0.6% Nd³⁺-doped ceramic Y₃Al₅O₁₂ (Nd:YAG) laser has been developed. 110 W laser output at 1064 nm was obtained, with a slope efficiency of about 41%. The M² factor was found to be around 6. The laser performance of the ceramic laser material was found to compare favorably with that obtained with single crystal Nd:YAG. PACS 42.55.-f; 42.55.Xi; 42.70.Hj