A method for the evaluation of the grating envelope in volume holographic media

A novel method for measuring the three-dimensional spatial distribution of gratings in a volume holographic medium is described. In this method, the diffraction of a uniform probe light wave is measured as a function of the deviation (either in angle or wavelength) from the Bragg condition. The envelope function of the grating is obtained by solving the coupled wave equations inversely. Not only the amplitude but also the phase of the envelope function is obtained. This method allows for the depletion of the probe light wave in the hologram and is applicable to both dielectric (refractive index) and absorption gratings. The resolution and the maximum measurable depth in this method are discussed.     

梯形透过率光栅远场光强分布及光栅方程的解析推导

二值化梯形透过率光栅是一种具有离轴衍射级次的二维光栅,其各衍射点光强信息和位置信息的确定对该新型光栅的实际应用具有重要意义。然而,目前尚无相关解析理论对其进行合理的描述。为了解决上述问题,通过二维傅里叶变换方法获得了该光栅各个衍射级次光强分布的解析表达式,并根据二维光栅的结构特征给出了在透射式和反射式情况下该光栅满足的光栅方程。这为该新型光栅的光线追迹计算打下了理论基础。最后,将解析表达式计算结果与采用X-Lab软件标量衍射模块计算的数值模拟结果进行比较,验证解析理论的正确性。     

光纤光栅法布里-珀罗腔透射特性的理论研究

推导了光纤光栅法布里－珀罗腔强度透射率的解析表达式,理论上研究了这种腔的透射特性,并同普通法布里－珀罗腔做了比较;讨论了光纤光栅法布里 罗腔单模输出阈值腔长与光纤光栅长度和反射率之间的关系。     

局域体全息光栅衍射的平面波与柱面波的波前转换研究

利用一维耦合波理论研究了入射方向相互垂直的一束平面波与一束柱面波干涉形成光折变局域体全息光栅的波前转换情况。给出了透射波和衍射波振幅的解析表达式。讨论了该局域体全息光栅的几何尺寸以及全息透镜的焦距对光栅衍射效率的影响。结果表明,随着光栅横向尺寸的增加,光栅的衍射效率也逐渐增加。然而,光栅的衍射效率却随着光栅纵向尺寸的增加而减小。全息透镜的焦距越长,光栅的衍射效率也越大。此外,分析了光栅的布拉格选择特性,该光栅具有非常好的角度选择特性。在平面波与柱面波干涉形成全息透镜的设计中,为了获得最优的衍射效率,应当根据要求合理地选择记录所用柱面波和设计光栅的几何尺寸。     

基于塔尔博特效应的分波器和分束器

给出一个单一器件同时具有分波器和大规模分束器功能的实验结果，其设计原理基于塔尔博特自成像效应。以两波长为例，通过改变分数塔尔博特距离和光栅周期等参量，实验上实现了两波长光信号在空间上的交叉分离。     

间插取样光纤光栅多通道色散补偿器

对间插取样光纤光栅（ISFBG）进行了理论分析和仿真，给出了ISFBG的折射率表达式，提出了一种在较低的折射率调制深度条件下实现通道间平坦度较好的色散补偿器的制作方法.实验制作了由两个取样光纤光栅间插而成的10通道色散补偿器，其时延抖动大都小于20 ps，通道间平坦度小于1 dB.     

Analysis method of the effect of fabrication errors on a planar waveguide demultiplexer

The impact of fabrication errors on a planar waveguide demultiplexer is analyzed based on an analytical method. The explicit expression of the transfer function taking into account phase and amplitude errors is presented in order to analyze the loss and crosstalk of the demultiplexer caused by fabrication errors. A basic requirement for the demultiplexer with a certain crosstalk criterion can be easily obtained. Using an etched diffraction grating demultiplexer as an example, it is shown that the analytical results have a good agreement with results from a numerical method.     

光纤布拉格光栅自致啁啾效应的研究

根据耦合模理论,采用传输矩阵法分析了相位掩模法制作的光纤布拉格光栅的反射谱特性.设计了一种新的写制光纤光栅的光路,利用高斯激光光束写制出具有短波自致啁啾效应的切趾光栅(栅长0.015 m).对具有短波自致啁啾效应的光纤光栅进行了物理切割(剩余光栅的长度分别取0.007 m和0.0055 m),得到了一种新型的具有长波自致啁啾效应的光纤光栅.原本的自致啁啾光栅反射谱中旁瓣分布在短波长方向,而得到的新型自致啁啾光栅的反射谱中长波长方向的旁瓣更为明显.基于对光纤布拉格光栅自致啁啾效应的分析,提出一种新型类高斯切趾函数,以此函数对自致啁啾效应进行数值模拟,得到了与实验结果相一致的光谱图.     

长周期光纤光栅气敏薄膜传感器结构优化

基于三包层长周期光纤光栅模型,研究了包层表面涂覆一层溶胶凝胶气敏薄膜的长周期光纤光栅化学传感器的灵敏度Sn与薄膜光学参量(折射率n3和厚度h3)和光纤光栅结构参量(光栅周期、折变量和光栅长度)之间的关系。采用最优化数值方法,找到了获得高灵敏度所需的最佳膜层光学参量和光栅结构参量。理论计算表明,该类型传感器对膜层折射率的测量分辨率高达10-8。实验上制作了对乙醇气体敏感的传感器,并证实了传感器结构优化的必要性。     

Fabrication of Dual-Wavelength Fiber Bragg Grating with a Longitudinal Stretch

A method of fabricating dual-wavelength fiber Bragg grating with a uniform phase mask is demonstrated. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation using Matrix method are given. The moving exposing technique is adopted. Good control over the grating’s reflectivity and the separation of the two Bragg wavelengths is enabled by adjusting the stretch, the length of the grating, and the exposure. A grating with two equal transmission peaks of 19.5 dB is obtained by using this method, and the separation of the two Bragg wavelengths is 0.78 nm. Translated from Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics, 2005, 22(1) (in Chinese)     

光子晶体理论应用于取样光纤光栅的研究

将取样光纤光栅近似为引入多个有规律的大尺寸缺陷的一维二元光子晶体,运用光子晶体传输矩阵理论分析了其长度L、周期LA、折射率调制量δneff和采样率p等参量对其反射谱的影响规律,并将所得结果与用取样光纤光栅传输矩阵法计算所得结果进行了比较,得出了用光子晶体理论分析与用传统的模耦合理论分析相吻合的特性。在分析取样光纤光栅的其它性质以及将其应用于实际时都可借鉴此理论,以达到工程实际应用的最佳效果。     

Thin and thick diffraction gratings: Thin matrix decomposition method

A brief review of the properties of transmission diffraction gratings is presented. Two types of gratings will be analyzed: thin and volume gratings explaining how the efficiency of the different orders that propagate inside the gratings can be calculated in both cases. For thin diffraction gratings the so-called amplitude transmittance method is applied in order to get the amplitude of the different orders, whereas in the case of volume gratings more complex methods are needed, such as Coupled Wave or modal theories. We will comment on the thin matrix decomposition method (TMDM), firstly proposed by Alferness, which gives a very intuitive approach and connects the properties of thin gratings to the properties of volume ones. The thin matrix decomposition method consists in dividing the volume grating in a number of thin gratings and applying the amplitude transmittance method to each thin grating. In this way the output of a grating will be considered as the input of the next and any individual grating can be treated by the amplitude transmittance method. The novelty of this work is that a comparison is made between the analytical expressions obtained by Alferness using the TMDM with the numerical results obtained using the coupled wave (CW) and rigorous coupled wave (RCW) theories for the efficiencies of the zero, first and second order when a plane wave incides onto a sinusoidal diffracion grating at the second on-Bragg replay angular condition.     

脉宽对光码分多址编解码器性能的影响

光码分多址系统中,光编解码是影响系统性能的关键因素之一。给出了低折射率相移超结构光纤光栅(SSFBG)光码分多址编解码器的数学模型,采用自相关峰旁瓣比(P/W)、自互相关峰比(P/C)两个参量作为衡量编解码器性能的主要指标,仿真研究了不同脉宽及不同光栅(码片)长度条件下超结构光纤光栅编解码器的性能,得到了编解码器的P/W、P/C随输入脉冲宽度及编解码器长度的变化曲线。从对编解码器性能仿真分析的结果可以看出,当光源脉宽与编解码器的长度满足一定的匹配条件时,可获得较理想编解码效果,即可以根据输入脉冲的宽度来选择长度合适的编解码器,从而获得较好的系统的性能。     

增益调制高重频脉冲光纤激光器实验研究

采用脉冲泵浦方案,研制出了基于增益调制技术的全光纤结构高重频脉冲激光器。采用电路直接调制的激光二极管作为泵浦源,双包层光纤作为增益介质,构造了光纤光栅选模的线形腔结构。实验中通过调整泵浦光脉冲宽度和光纤激光器谐振腔长度,得到了稳定的高重频脉冲。在100kHz重复频率下,采用21W的峰值泵浦功率和2.5μs的泵浦脉冲宽度,获得了1.06μm波长,脉冲宽度247ns的稳定脉冲激光输出。脉冲峰值功率一致性好,平均功率长期功率稳定性为2%。观察并分析了由于纵模拍频在脉冲包络上产生的次脉冲特性。通过一级放大实现89.6 W输出。     

Chirped fiber Bragg gratings with arbitrary group delay responses using stepped-stretching fiber method

We present the design and development of piece-wise stepped-chirp fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) with arbitrary group delay responses using a uniform phase mask in a pre-stretched fiber. The method involves writing a series of sub-gratings on a pre-stretched fiber whose length is varied during the UV exposure process. Two motorized stages are employed to control the length of the pre-stretched fiber in order to adjust the grating pitch at each writing step to achieve piece-wise stepped chirping of the FBG. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the method to produce chirped FBGs with arbitrary group delay responses, a linear-chirp FBG and a quadratic-chirp FBG were fabricated, and their measured performances agree well with analytical predictions. PACS 42.81.-i; 42.79.Dj; 42.79.Ci     

声表面波在声栅上的Bragg衍射

本工作揭示了声表面波在声栅上的Bragg型衍射效应。应用简正波理论近似处理了在强Bragg条件下,声表面波在声栅上衍射的一些规律:栅阵内简正模式,偏转角和偏转效率与入射声波工作频率和声栅参数的关系。实验上,我们在y切割LiNbO₃压电晶体表面,用金属栅阵构成声栅,用光学法观察了声表面波(Rayleigh波)在上述声栅上的Bragg型衍射现象,并测量了偏转角和偏转效率随工作频率的关系。实验与理论结果比较表明,二者基本上是符合的。 关键词：     

一个普适的反射光谱灵敏度公式及其应用

从介电常数与反射串的普遍联系出发，推导出反射光谱灵敏度的解忻表达式。从这个统一的公式出发，分析了Ｌｏｒｅｎｔｚ振子及Ｄｒｕｄｅ自由载流子的反射光谱的敏感性，从而更深入地解释了一些碱卤晶体剩余反射带短波边的异常反射光谱结构及高温超导体的红外反射光谱特征。 关键词：     

光栅平动式光调制器结构参量的优化分析

提出的光栅平动式光调制器是一种基于微机电系统(MEMS)工艺的光调制器,利用其表面具有的变形部分(可动光栅)提供衍射光栅,通过控制可动光栅的位移实现光调制器的两种工作状态,即亮态和暗态。根据衍射理论和傅里叶光学对光栅平动式光调制器工作状态的光学特性进行了详细的理论分析和仿真。重点讨论了可动光栅占空比、长度L1、垂直光栅周期方向上边框长度、光栅栅条宽度、整个器件的光栅周期数等对光调制器工作性能的影响。结果表明,可动光栅与反射镜的距离为入射波长的一半时,调制器工作在暗态;而当可动光栅向反射镜方向下移入射波长的1/4时,光调制器工作在亮态;要达到最佳的衬比度,需满足可动光栅的栅条宽度为光栅周期的一半,L1应该为光栅周期的整数倍;在不满足L1为光栅周期d的整数倍时,可动光栅在垂直于光栅周期方向上的边框越小越好;光栅栅条越宽、光栅周期数越多,衬比度越高。     

Photorefractive phase conjugation of pulses: A numerical and analytical comparison

We study numerically the temporal behavior of the phase conjugation of a pulse, by a single four-wave mixing grating, in photorefractive media. We solve numerically the time-dependent coupled-wave equations obtained from a currently used generalization of the Khuktarev model, under the standard restriction of undepleted pump and slowly varying envelope approximations. The fully numerical solutions presented here are terminal solutions that do not require solving any intermediate steps such as the reflectivity. However, we compare the numerical reflectivity with its analytical counterpart, when available, and discuss the differences on their predictions of the phase conjugate pulse.Current permanent position at INAOE and on a Sabbatical leave from the Centro de Investigaciones en Optica, Apdo. Postal 948, Leon, Gto. 37000. Mexico.     

双锥型光纤布喇格光栅光谱特性

利用传输矩阵法和有限元法分析了光栅周期、调制深度、锥腰直径和不同设计区段长度比等光栅制作参量和结构设计参量对双锥型光纤布喇格光栅光谱特性的影响.软件仿真结果表明:限定相关参量后,光栅周期增大,双锥型光纤布喇格光栅整体反射谱右移,与均匀分布光纤布喇格光栅光谱变化规律一致;调制深度增强,两主反射峰基本不变,而两主反射峰中间的次级峰个数增多,光强增大;锥腰直径减小,激发更多包层模,干涉峰个数增多,强度提升;整根光栅长度保持1cm不变,锥腰区,标准光栅区和渐变光栅区长度比直接影响次级峰的数量和幅值,随着渐变光栅区长度占比的增大,次级峰的幅值增大,同时个数减少.双锥型光纤布喇格光栅可在多参量传感器、多通道滤波器、多通道半导体激光器、色散补偿和光上下载分插复用等方面广泛应用.