散弹噪声极限稳定度优于1×10-13τ-1/2的铷频标物理系统

近年来,铷原子频标研究取得长足进展,频率稳定度达到10^-13τ^-1/2量级.为进一步改善铷频标稳定度性能,本文设计了一种高信噪比物理系统.物理系统中的腔泡组件采用微波场磁力线与量子化轴方向高度平行的开槽管式微波腔,滤光泡和吸收泡独立控温.抽运光源采用了光学滤光和同位素滤光双重滤光方案.本文实测了背景光电流I₀和鉴频斜率K_d,结果分别为95 μA和7.7 nA/Hz,在此基础上计算物理系统的散弹噪声极限稳定度为7.5×10^-14τ^-1/2.研究结果表明,只要锁频环路的电子学噪声得到有效控制,铷频标的频率稳定度突破1×10^-13τ^-1/2,进入10^-14τ^-1/2量级是完全可能的.     

CPT原子频标实验研究

介绍了相干布居囚禁（CPT）原子频标的小型、低功耗物理系统,并应用它开展实现了CPT原子频标的激光锁定、微波锁定方案的实验室研究.通过采用电流负反馈将激光频率锁定在原子对激光的吸收峰上,电压负反馈将微波频率锁定在电磁感应透明共振峰上,用该物理系统实现了闭环锁定的实验室桌面CPT频标实验系统.对该实验系统的频率稳定度测量获得200 s内优于5×10^-11τ^-1/2的结果. 关键词： CPT原子频标 频率稳定度 激光稳频     

用于磁共振的高稳定电磁铁稳流系统

本文提出了一个用于磁共振的高稳定度电磁铁稳流系统。消耗功率6kw时磁场强度为2.35T。介绍了系统的主要电路及调整测量方法。该系统的稳定度达到5×10^-7/5分钟,长时间漂移为6×10^-6/小时。该稳流系统原则上可适用于各种电源功率的电磁铁。     

基于光纤的光学频率传递研究

随着光钟研究的发展, 光钟的稳定度和不确定度均达到10^-18量级. 通过光纤可以实现光钟频率信号的高精度传输, 有望用于未来“秒”定义的复现. 演示了百公里级实验室光纤上的光学频率传递. 对于在实验室70 km光纤盘上实现的光频传递, 光纤相位噪声抑制在1-250 Hz傅里叶频率范围内均接近于光纤延时极限, 对应传输稳定度(Allan偏差)为秒级稳定度1.2×10^-15, 10000 s稳定度为1.4×10^-18. 实验室100 km光纤的光频传递秒级稳定度也达到了5×10^-15. 提出了光纤噪声用户端补偿的方案, 可以简化星形传递网络中心站的复杂度. 在25 km光纤上演示了该传递方案, 实现的传输稳定度接近传统前置补偿传递方案.     

一种用于高性能铷频标的大尺寸开槽管微波腔的实现

铷原子频标的频率稳定度指标在很大程度上取决于物理系统所用微波腔的特性.本文设计了一款内径为40 mm的开槽管微波腔,并在此基础上实现了一款铷频标物理系统.计算和实验测量的微波腔内微波场的方向因子分别为0.87和0.91,表明微波场磁力线与量子化轴方向高度平行.测量了物理系统的鉴频斜率和散弹噪声,据此预计这种微波腔可满足设计稳定度优于2×10^-13τ^-1/2铷频标的需求.     

一种基于非标准矩形微波腔的铷频标腔泡系统

针对超薄型铷频标应用需求,本文研制了一种基于开槽管腔原理的非标准矩形微波腔.它的厚度仅为12 mm,仿真结果显示其微波场方向因子约为0.9.测量了基于该微波腔设计的腔泡系统的⁸⁷Rb原子双共振跃迁信号,并通过外推法得到铷原子吸收泡内双共振谱线的本征线宽约为452 Hz.在优化后的实验参数下,该腔泡系统散弹噪声对铷频标短期频率稳定度的限制可达到5.2×10^-13τ^-1/2.     

小型化氢脉泽原子储存时间设计

氢微波激射器（氢脉泽）采用原子储存泡对氢原子进行囚禁，在低损耗谐振腔内形成稳定的自持振荡.本文采用具备低腔频温度系数的介质加载谐振腔替换传统的腔-泡结构，实现了氢脉泽的小型化；并分析了这种小型化方案对频率稳定度和准确度的影响.原子储存时间设计值为0.4 s，闭环后的频率稳定度为5.6×10^-15/（1 000 s），与储存时间设计结果相吻合.     

光纤飞秒光学频率梳的研制及绝对光学频率测量

实验利用商品光纤飞秒激光器,自行构建了一套完整的光学频率梳系统,并获得了约30 dB信噪比的系统频移(f_ceo)信号.实现了光频梳重复频率(f_rep)信号及系统频移(f_ceo)信号的高稳定度锁定,并通过实验验证了光频梳锁定的跟踪精度.基于此稳定光频梳完成了对1064 nm碘稳频Nd:YAG固体激光器的绝对频率测量.实验结果表明,f_rep的跟踪精度在100 s取样时间时优于3.7×10^-14,测量得到的1064 nm激光器绝对频率为:281630111757362 Hz.这一测量结果与国际计量委员会(CIPM)给出的国际推荐值符合到不确定度之内. 关键词： 光纤光频梳 稳频 锁相技术 光学频率计量     

基于微波相位补偿的56 km高精度光纤微波频率传递

报道了实验室内56 km光纤微波频率传递的实验研究,在56 km的传递距离上实现了1.8×10^-15/s,4×10^-18/10⁴s的传递稳定度。系统通过环回法比较往返传递的微波信号相位获得链路上的相位扰动量,并实时控制本地发射端的微波发射信号相位实现预补偿。在环回往返传递的不同方向上,系统方案采用不同频率的微波调制信号,这种方法极大避免了光寄生反射效应的影响,同时利用色散补偿光纤改善探测信号相噪等措施,提高了系统的传递稳定度。     

基于单一量子级联激光器的大气多组分气体（CO、N2O、H2O）同时测量方法

近红外波段的气体吸收强度低,不利于痕量气体的测量。利用分子在中红外波段的基频吸收特性,使用单个新型室温连续输出量子级联激光器（CW-QCL）结合波长调制光谱技术（WMS）和长程光学吸收池,建立了一套高灵敏度和高精度的大气多组分温室气体同时检测的激光光谱系统。该系统的输出波数范围为2202.8～2205.6 cm^-1,覆盖了CO、N₂O和H₂O的中心吸收谱线。实验测试结果表明：在1 s的时间分辨率下,CO、N₂O和H₂O的测量精度分别为1.83×10^-8,1.86×10^-9,1.19×10^-4;当满足最佳积分时间（100 s）时,系统的最低检测限可以达到1.8×10^-9（CO）,0.16×10^-9（N₂O）,1.5×10^-5（H₂O）。通过长时间测量和分析可知,所提系统部件简单,使用方便,满足大气多组分气体...     

基于飞秒光频梳的双频He-Ne激光器频率测量

利用光纤飞秒光频梳和外腔可调谐半导体激光器, 建立了一套双频He-Ne激光器频率测量系统. 选用铷钟作为系统的频率基准, 通过将外腔半导体激光锁定至光频梳使得其频率溯源至铷钟, 再利用外腔可调谐半导体激光与双频He-Ne激光器输出的正交偏振激光拍频, 同时测量两路正交偏振激光频率. 将可调谐半导体激光器锁定至光频梳第1894449个梳齿, 其绝对频率为473612190000.0±2.7 kHz, 相对不确定度为5.7×10^-12. 对商品双频He-Ne激光器进行频率测量实验, 双频He-Ne激光器水平方向偏振激光频率均值为473612229934 kHz, 竖直方向偏振激光频率均值为473612232111 kHz, 平均时间为1024 s的相对Allan标准差为5.2×10^-11, 频差均值为2.177 MHz, 标准偏差为2 kHz.     

Accurate Stabilization of a 3 mW Single-Mode Output He-Ne Laser by Intermittent Frequency Offset Locking to an Iodine Stabilized He-Ne Laser

A high-power, unmodulated frequency standard laser light with low running cost is a powerful tool for industrial measurement involving laser calibration and interferometry in length and shape. To obtain such a laser light, we developed an intermittent frequency offset locked laser (IFOL laser). This laser system, composed of an iodine stabilized He-Ne laser (I₂SL) and a high-powered symmetric three-mode He-Ne laser (HP-3ML, optical output=5 mW), provides two stabilization operational modes: (1) independent mode (I-mode) and (2) slave mode (S-mode). Utilizing the frequency pulling effect, HP-3ML is stabilized at the condition of symmetric three-mode oscillation, and a 3 mW single-mode light with frequency instability of 10^-12 is obtained (I-mode). When the optical frequency deviates from the allowed limit during I-mode, HP-3ML is temporarily offset-locked to I₂SL (S-mode) with frequency resettability of 10^-10 and frequency instability of 10^-12. After completion of the drift reset in S-mode, HP-3ML is stabilized in I-mode again, and then I₂SL is turned off. In a typical case of allowed drift in ±1 MHz, repetitive operation of I-mode for 10 days and S-mode for 5 min was satisfactory. Such an intermittent operation reduces the working time of I₂SL dramatically, resulting in low running cost that enables long-term use in industrial measurement.     

Study of a low power dissipation, miniature laser-pumped rubidium frequency standard

This paper studies a miniature low power consumption laser-pumped atom vapour cell clock scheme. Pumping ⁸⁷Rb with a vertical cavity surface emitting laser diode pump and locking the laser frequency on a Doppler-broadened spectral line, it records a 5× 10^-11τ^-1/2 (τ <500~s) frequency stability with a table-top system in a primary experiment. The study reveals that the evaluated scheme is at the level of 2.7 watts power consumption, 90~cm³ volume and 10^-12τ ^-1/2 short-term frequency stability.     

利用光频梳提高台阶高度测量准确度的方法

提出一种利用光频梳和可调谐半导体激光器提高台阶高度测量准确度的方法. 通过将可调谐激光器锁定至光频梳,可对激光器的输出波长进行精确锁定与测量.基于可调合成波长链原理,利用锁定后的半导体激光器构建了一套台阶高度测量方案,该方案可消除合成波长误差对台阶高度测量不确定度的影响. 采用一台可调谐半导体激光器和光频梳进行了5000 s的连续锁定实验, 结果表明,锁定后的可调谐半导体激光器的频率稳定度达 1.8×10^-12.该方法的理论测量不确定度约为7.9 nm, 且测量结果可溯源至时间频率基准.     

Laser frequency stabilization and large detuning by Doppler-free dichroic lock technique: Application to atom cooling

We present results of a study of frequency stabilization of a diode laser (λ = 780 nm) using the Doppler-free dichroic lock (DFDL) technique and its use for laser cooling of atoms. Quantitative measurements of frequency stability were performed and the Allan variance was found to be 6.9 × 10¹¹ for an averaging time of 10 s. The frequency-stabilized diode laser was used to obtain the trapping beams for a magneto-optic trap (MOT) for Rb atoms. Using the DFDL technique, the laser frequency could be locked over a wide range and this enabled measurement of detuning dependence of the number and temperature of cold atoms using a relatively simple experimental set-up.     

A Simple Frequency Lock of Green YAG Laser to Dispersion Line of the Linear Absorption Spectrum of Iodine Molecules Utilizing an Acousto-Optic Frequency Shifter

Frequency of a 532 nm emission line of a diode-laser-pumped Nd:YAG laser is stabilized by lock of the output line to the linear absorption line of iodine molecules. The stabilization method is very simple utilizing the frequency shift caused with an acousto-optic modulator. The laser frequency was stabilized at the zero-crossing point of the second-derivative of the dispersion curve. Instability obtained by the error signal is affected by the phase-characteristics of detectors, which results in 3^*10^-8.     

飞秒光梳和碘稳频532nm Nd:YAG激光频率的测量

报道了中国计量科学研究院研制的基于掺钛蓝宝石(Ti:Sapphire)锁模飞秒脉冲激光器的飞秒光学频率梳装置，并利用此装置测量了碘稳频532nm(¹²⁷I₂R(56)32-10) Nd∶YAG固体激光器的频率，结果为 563260223512991±20Hz,相对不确定度为3.6×10^-14.这一数值是直接溯源到铯原子微波频率基准的光学频率测量结果.     

Preliminary frequency measurement of the electric quadrupole transition in a single laser-cooled 40Ca+ ion

The trapping and laser cooling of ⁴⁰Ca⁺ ion on the way toward optical frequency standards have been developed. A single ⁴⁰Ca⁺ ion is trapped in the miniature Paul trap and laser cooled by two frequency-stabilized diode lasers. A commercial Ti:Sapphire laser system at 729 nm is referenced to a high-finesse cavity to meet the requirements of ultra narrow linewidth of the 4s²S_1/2-3d²D_5/2 electric quadrupole transition. Its center frequency is preliminarily measured to be 411 042 129 686.1 (2.6) kHz. The attempt to finally lock the 729-nm laser system to atomic transition is made. Further work to improve the accuracy of measurement and the stabilization of system locking is in consideration and preparation.      

199Hg+光频标的黑体辐射频移

光学频率标准会受到环境温度的黑体辐射影响发生频移,进而影响其准确度. 本文估算了¹⁹⁹Hg⁺的超精细能级5d¹⁰6s²S_1/2 (F=0)和5d⁹6s^{2 2}D_5/2 (F=2)的极化率,得到了室温(300 K)下黑体辐射引起的相对频移为-5.4×10^-17, 最后讨论了低温环境下黑体辐射对¹⁹⁹Hg⁺光频标的影响.