Optimization of optical wireless power transfer using near-infrared laser diodes

We experimentally demonstrated optical wireless power transfer(OWPT) using a near-infrared laser diode(LD)as the optical power transmitter.We considered a photovoltaic(PV) cell and a photodiode(PD) as the optical power receivers.We investigated the characteristics of the LD,PD,and PV cell in order to determine the optimum operating condition from the viewpoint of transfer efficiency.We also experimentally demonstrated a whole system optimization process to maximize the DC-to-DC transfer efficiency of the OWPT.Our experimental results showed that the optimization process can improve the OWPT efficiency by up to 48%.     

Omnidirectional non-radiative wireless power transfer with rotating magnetic field and efficiency improvement by metamaterial

In this paper, omnidirectional wireless power transfer (OWPT) via magnetic resonant coupling is proposed based on rotating magnetic field. In contrast to conventional WPT, the proposed wireless power transmitter consists of two orthogonal loops with 90° feeding phase difference. Both theoretical analyses and numerical simulations show that such transmitter generates rotating magnetic field and can provide wireless power to multiple receivers moving around it. In addition, a cylindrical metamaterial slab with negative permeability is used to improve the efficiency of the OWPT system, for the unique property of enhancing evanescent wave of metamaterials. It is shown that the efficiency of the OWPT can be improved to more than five times of that of the original one by the metamaterial slab.     

A High Conversion Efficiency Q-Switched Intracavity Nd:YVO_4/KTA Optical Parametric Oscillator under Direct Diode Pumping at 880nm

We report a high conversion efficiency Q-switched Nd:YVO_4/KTiOAsO_4(KTA) intracavity optical parametric oscillator(IOPO) operating near 3.5 um based on direct 880 nm laser diode(LD) pumping. A maximum average idler output power of 2.6 W with a pulse width of about 7.9 ns is achieved under an absorbed LD power of 45.4 W at a pulse repetition rate(PRR) of 10 kHz. The maximum optical-optical conversion efficiency from LD power to OPO mid-infrared(MIR) output of 6.74% is achieved. To our knowledge, this is the highest conversion efficiency for a KTA-IOPO by exploiting a Q-switched laser as the parent fundamental pump source. The beam quality factors M~2 of the MIR beam at the full output power with a PRR of 10 kHz are within 2.12 in both the horizontal and vertical directions, indicating a near Gaussian mode.     

High efficiency solar cells using quantum interferences

In this paper, we propose a solar cell model that absorbs specific band of sunlight and investigate the effect of noise–induced quantum coherence in enhancing the output power of this cell. We numerically demonstrate that such induced coherence can increase the maximum output power from a nano structured solar cell by more than 25% as compared to the same system with no coherence. We also study the influence of increasing the bandwidth of absorption on the solar cell power and numerically show that in spite of decrease in output power due to enhancement of thermalisation loss, presence of quantum coherence effect still increases the output power of solar cell compared to non-coherence case.     

Sr_3Al_2O_6∶Tb~(3+),Yb~(3+)荧光粉的近红外量子剪裁效应

硅材料带隙与太阳光子光谱的失配导致了比较严重的光子损失,大大降低了硅太阳能电池的效率。为了减少入射光子的损失,可以利用具有近红外量子剪裁效应的光谱转换材料来提高硅太阳能电池的效率。本研究采用溶胶凝胶法制备了Sr_3Al_2O_6∶Tb~(3+),Yb~(3+)荧光粉,并研究了其近红外量子剪裁效应。实验结果表明:在320 nm的紫外光激发下,Sr_3Al_2O_6∶Tb~(3+),Yb~(3+)荧光粉发射出Tb~(3+):5D4→~7F_j的可见光;另外,由于Tb~(3+)、Yb~(3+)离子之间的合作能量传递,得到了Yb~(3+):~7F_(5/2)→7F7/2的近红外发光。荧光寿命衰减证明Tb~(3+)到Yb~(3+)之间的确存在合作能量传递,而且存在量子剪裁效应,其中,能量传递效率为35.9%,量子剪裁效率为135.9%。由于Yb~(3+)的发射光谱与硅太阳能电池的吸收匹配,Sr_3Al_2O_6∶Tb~(3+),Yb~(3+)荧光粉有可能作为潜在的光谱转换材料应用于硅太阳能电池以提高其光电转换效率。     

Efficient continuous-wave eye-safe region signal output from intra-cavity singly resonant optical parametric oscillator

We report an efficient continuous-wave (CW) tunable intra-cavity singly resonant optical parametric oscillator based on the multi-period periodically poled lithium niobate and using a laser diode (LD) end-pumped CW 1064 nm Nd:YVO₄ laser as the pump source. A highly efficiency CW operation is realized through a careful cavity design for mode matching and thermal stability. The signal tuning range is 1401-1500 nm obtained by varying the domain period. The maximum output power of 2.2 W at 1500 nm is obtained with a 17.1 W 808 nm LD power and the corresponding conversion efficiency is 12.9%.     

太阳能吸热器玻璃窗辐射与导热计算

在太阳能塔式热发电空气吸热器工作过程中,吸热器玻璃窗受到聚焦太阳光、环境以及吸热面（体）的复合辐射。本文采用改进蒙特卡罗法、有限容积法,研究了太阳能空气吸热器石英玻璃窗半透明介质内部辐射与导热的耦合换热,研究了不同厚度半透明介质石英玻璃窗在工作面处于不同第三类边界条件下的稳态温度分布。研究表明石英玻璃的厚度和内侧空气温...     

An analysis of quantum coherent solar photovoltaic cells

A new hypothesis (Scully et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 108 (2011) 15097) suggests that it is possible to break the statistical physics-based detailed balance-limiting power conversion efficiency and increase the power output of a solar photovoltaic cell by using “noise-induced quantum coherence” to increase the current. The fundamental errors of this hypothesis are explained here. As part of this analysis, we show that the maximum photogenerated current density for a practical solar cell is a function of the incident spectrum, sunlight concentration factor, and solar cell energy bandgap and thus the presence of quantum coherence is irrelevant as it is unable to lead to increased current output from a solar cell.     

太阳能光伏热水系统的能量梯级利用

为了实现太阳能光伏发电系统中用于冷却太阳能电池的低品位热能利用,本文提出了太阳能光伏热水系统。通过对单体光伏光热系统(PV/T)的实验研究表明,在单体PV/T放置角度为30°,流量为200 L/h时,集热效率可达到最大值65.6%,系统的平均发电效率为14.3%,瞬时综合效率最大为83%,达到了能量的梯级利用。     

Experimental demonstration of spread spectrum communication over long range multipath channels

This paper presents a spread spectrum scheme, which is designed for long range underwater acoustic communications of low signal-to-noise ratios. This scheme uses two maximum length sequences, which are overlapped in time. One is used as a time reference, and the other applies code cyclic shift keying (CCSK) to carry information. Compared with conventional spread spectrum techniques, CCSK achieves a higher spectral efficiency, and this property is of significance in spread spectrum communications. With the help of a time reference, performance impairment from timing errors for CCSK is reduced, as each CCSK symbol has its own time reference. For this scheme, three receiver structures are presented, and they are: (1) correlation receiver, (2) passive-phase conjugation receiver, and (3) time reversal receiver structures. A recent sea experiment was carried out in a range dependent channel over a distance of 10 km. By real data processing, performance of the three receiver structures are compared and discussed. The presented results demonstrate the feasibility of this spread spectrum scheme.     

High efficiency passive mode-locked Nd:YVO<Subscript>4</Subscript> laser based on SESAM under direct pumping at 880 nm

We report on an 880 nm LD pumped passive mode-locked TEM₀₀ Nd:YVO₄ laser based on a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM), with a high optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 67.3%, and a slope efficiency of 71%. When the absorbed pump power was 11 W, 7.4 W average output power of 1064 nm continuous-wave mode-locked laser was achieved. To our knowledge, this is the highest optical-to-optical conversion efficiency among all the published reports of 880 nm LD pumped SESAM passive mode-locked lasers. The repetition rate of mode-locked pulse was 80 MHz with 26 ps pulse width. The maximum pulse energy and peak power were 92.5 nJ and 3.6 kW, respectively.     

Extraction and application of natural pigments for fabrication of green dye-sensitized solar cells

Four dye-sensitized solar cell devices are designed and fabricated based on natural dyes extracted from Celosia Cristata, Saffron, Cynoglossum, and eggplant peel, as photosensitizers. The UV–vis technique has been served to determine maximum absorption of natural extract and pre-dyed photoanode. The Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) was employed to cover the presence of functional groups. The cyclic voltammetry method has been employed to assess the possibility of charge transfer from dried natural dyes to the photoelectrode. The performance of natural-based dye-sensitized solar cells is determined subsequently. The highest power conversion efficiency was ca. 1.38%, which belonged to Celosia Cristata extract. The devices were examined for higher efficiencies, individually, co-sensitized arrangement and/or in tandem with each other.     

Enhance the performance and stability of methylammonium lead iodide perovskite solar cells with guanidinium thiocyanate additive

Employing additive to regulate the morphology of perovskite film is an effective method to enhance both the power conversion efficiency and long term stability of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells. Here, we demonstrate that guanidinium thiocyanate (GuSCN) is a suitable additive for methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI₃) perovskite materials. Addition of GuSCN into MAPbI₃ can simultaneously enhance the crystallinity, enlarge the crystal size, and reduce the trap density of the perovskite films. As a result, the MAPbI₃ perovskite with 10% GuSCN exhibits superior power conversion efficiency of 16.70% compared to the pristine MAPbI₃ perovskite solar cell (15.57%). At the same time, the MAPbI₃ perovskite solar cell with GuSCN additive shows better stability, power conversion efficiency retains ～90% of its initial value compared to only ～60% for pristine MAPbI₃ perovskite solar cells after being stored for 15 days without encapsulation.     

三结太阳电池在非均匀光照下光斑强度和覆盖比率的优化研究

高倍聚光光伏组件通常采用光电转化效率较高的三结太阳电池.由于聚光器件的非理想性,电池承受的光照分布通常是高度非均匀的,在光伏组件中可通过适当增大光斑与电池面积的比率来降低光照非均匀性对电池电学性能的影响.通过对某一特定三结电池进行电路网络建模计算,分析光斑的强度分布和照射面积对电池的影响,并对比了四种设计方案(均匀光照、非均匀光照、电池效率最大、组件效率最大)下的光斑强度、光斑大小、电池效率以及电池温度分布.对比分析结果表明,组件达到效率最大时的电池效率并不是电池在标准测试条件下的最大效率,而使电池工作在效率最大值的设计方案中组件效率最低.组件效率最大方案中使用的聚光器透镜面积较小,因此该方案将导致组件成本增大.电池效率最大方案中使用的聚光器透镜面积较大并且电池温度最低,故该方案组件成本较低且可靠性较高.这表明在实际组件设计中应充分考虑对发电量的实际需求,选择合适的几何聚光倍数和光斑覆盖电池的比率.     

两级透射-反射聚光分频电热联产系统设计和分析

在传统聚光条件下的太阳能光伏发电系统中,由于太阳光中存在所有波段的光子,而其中只有一部分能够被太阳电池用来发电,其余的部分进入太阳电池之后非但不会被用于发电,反而会变成热量使太阳电池升温,从而使电池光电转换效率下降．本文设计了一种聚光且具有分频功能的太阳能电热联产系统,利用线聚焦菲涅尔透镜和光谱选择性透过涂层改善太阳电池表面的入射光环境,在聚光的同时将不利于光伏发电的太阳光波段反射并加以收集利用．分析结果表明,与相同条件下传统的只进行聚光的光伏系统相比,两级透射一反射聚光分频电热联产系统具有更高的太阳能利用效率．     

Modulation of light absorption by optical spacer in perovskite solar cells

Lead halide perovskite solar cells with planar heterojunction configuration have recently attracted tremendous attention because of their excellent power conversion efficiencies. The modulation of optical absorption by using an optical spacer layer is a unique method to enhance the device efficiency. Here, we demonstrate the application of thin ZnO layer that act as an optical spacer that enhance the power conversion efficiency perovskite devices from 8.92% to 10.7%, which is mainly due to increment in short‐circuit current density by 16% compared to the reference solar cell. The simulation data revealed that ZnO acts as an optical spacer layer that shifts length (average) of electric field |E|² distribution from 500 nm to 750 nm wavelength is 25 nm in the perovskite layer. Which represents that exciton generation region is moved to near the hole transport layer that enhances the exciton dissociation efficiency and device efficiency.     

MoO3/Ag/Al/ZnO intermediate layer for inverted tandem polymer solar cells

We report an MoO3/Ag/Al/ZnO intermediate layer connecting two identical bulk heterojunction subcells with a poly(3-hexylthiophene) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester(P3HT and PCBM) active layer for inverted tandem polymer solar cells. The highly transparent intermediate layer with an optimized thickness realizes an Ohmic contact between the two subcells for effective charge extraction and recombination. A maximum power conversion efficiency of 3.76% is obtained for the tandem cell under 100 mW/cm2 illumination, which is larger than that of a single cell(3.15%).The open-circuit voltage of the tandem cell(1.18 V) approaches double that of the single cell(0.61 V).     

Estimation of the detection range of a hydroacoustic system based on the acoustic power flux receiver

Approaches to estimating the detection range of systems based on vector receivers are considered. The approaches rely on a detailed analysis of the process of signal’s acoustic power flux formation in the presence of ambient sea noise and uncover the signal information parameters at the receiver output that provide the required statistically confident range of weak signal detection under these conditions. Based on the sonar equations and the known fundamental relationships between the outputs of a pressure receiver and a vector receiver for signal and noise, estimates of the maximum possible gain in the detection range of an acoustic power flux receiver are considered as a function of anisotropy of the ambient noise field in the area.     

Watt-level Pr^3+:YLF deep red laser pumped by a fiber-coupled blue LD module or a single-emitter blue LD

A power-scaled laser operation of Pr:YLi F4(YLF)crystal at 720.9 nm pumped by a 443.6 nm laser diode(LD)module was demonstrated.The 20 W module was used to pump the Pr:YLF crystal,and a maximum output power of 3.03 W with slope efficiency of 30.04%was obtained.In addition,a 5 W blue LD was also used to pump the Pr:YLF laser,and a maximum output power of 0.72 W was obtained at room temperature.The output power was limited by the wavelength mismatch between the single-emitter LD and the absorption peak of the crystal.